scholarly journals The effect of forage quality and level of feeding on digestibility and gastrointestinal transit time of oat straw and alfalfa given to ponies and donkeys

2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 599-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Pearson ◽  
R. F. Archibald ◽  
R. H. Muirhead
Keyword(s):  
Transit Time ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Gastrointestinal Transit ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Gastrointestinal Transit Time ◽  
Quality Diet ◽  
Oat Straw ◽  
Ad Libitum

Four donkeys and four ponies were fed molassed dehydrated alfalfa or oat straw, eitherad libitumor restricted to about 70 %ad libitumintake in a Latin-square design for four periods of 21 d. Measurements of apparent digestibility and gastrointestinal transit time were made on the last 7 d of each period. When the forages were providedad libitum, all animals ate significantly (P<0.01) more of the alfalfa than of the oat straw. Ponies consumed significantly (P = 0.007) more of both diets per unit live weight than donkeys. Higher apparent digestibilities of dietary DM, energy and fibre fractions were seen in donkeys, at both levels of feeding, compared with the ponies. This partly compensated for the lower intakes by the donkeys when fedad libitum. When intake of alfalfa was restricted, the apparent digestibility of DM was higher compared with the corresponding values when fedad libitum,but the reverse was true for straw. This may be because restriction of a low-quality diet reduced selection of the more digestible parts of the forage. Donkeys and ponies consumed more energy and protein than required when fed alfalfaad libitum. Both oat straw treatments provided insufficient protein to meet the predicted requirements of ponies and donkeys. Straw intakesad libitumexceeded the estimated energy requirement for ponies by 34–51 %, but donkey energy requirements were only just met. When the amount of straw offered was restricted, 78–90 % of the estimated energy requirement for donkeys was met compared with 90–105 % for the ponies.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Fiber on Gastrointestinal Transit Time, Fecal Properties and Fat Absorption in Rats.

1995 ◽  
Vol 176 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
AKIHIRO MUNAKATA ◽  
SATORU IWANE ◽  
MASAHIRO TODATE ◽  
SHIGEYUKI NAKAJI ◽  
KAZUO SUGAWARA
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Transit Time ◽  
Gastrointestinal Transit ◽  
Fat Absorption ◽  
Gastrointestinal Transit Time

Lack of Improved Growth Outcome Related to Nonnutritive Sucking in Very Low Birth Weight Premature Infants Fed a Controlled Nutrient Intake: A Randomized Prospective Study

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 706-716
Author(s):  
Judith A. Ernst ◽  
Karyl A. Rickard ◽  
Patricia R. Neal ◽  
Pao-Lo Yu ◽  
Tjien O. Oei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Transit Time ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Gastrointestinal Transit ◽  
Gastrointestinal Transit Time ◽  
Nonnutritive Sucking

The effect of nonnutritive sucking during gavage feeding on nutritional outcome and gastrointestinal transit time was evaluated in 18 premature appropriate for gestational age infants whose birth weights were \g=le\1,400 g and gestational ages were \g=le\30 weeks. Infants were randomized to a treatment (nonnutritive sucking infants received a pacifier for 30 minutes with each feeding, 12 times per day until they reached a weight of 1,500 g, eight times per day thereafter) or control (no pacifier) group. The nine nonnutritive sucking (five girls, four boys) and nine control (five girls, four boys) infants were treated for 14 days. Infants were without medical complications and were fed a single premature formula by intermittent gastric gavage at exactly 120 kcal/kg/d throughout the study period. Weight gain, linear growth, subscapular and triceps skinfold, and arm circumference accretions were assessed weekly. Serum proteins (albumin, prealbumin, retinol-binding protein, and transferrin) were measured weekly. Gastrointestinal transit times were measured weekly using carmine red markers. In contrast to previous studies, these data indicate no apparent effect of nonnutritive sucking on growth outcome, serum proteins, or gastrointestinal transit time in growing, very low birth weight infants when nutrient intake was controlled. In a subgroup of eight boys (four nonnutritive sucking, four control), energy and fat excretions were determined from 72-hour fecal collections and energy expenditure was estimated from six-hour cumulative heart rate measurements. Neither excretion of fat and calories nor estimated energy expenditure was affected significantly by nonnutritive sucking in this subgroup of baby boys. Fat excretion correlated well (r = .987) with energy excretion.

scholarly journals Establishment of a Protocol for Determining Gastrointestinal Transit Time in Mice Using Barium and Radiopaque Markers

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bolormaa Myagmarjalbuu ◽  
Myeong Ju Moon ◽  
Suk Hee Heo ◽  
Seo In Jeong ◽  
Jong-Seong Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transit Time ◽  
Gastrointestinal Transit ◽  
Gastrointestinal Transit Time ◽  
Radiopaque Markers

Effect of offering three amounts of maize stover to dairy cows on intake and selection

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 ◽  
pp. 85-85
Author(s):  
J. N. Methu ◽  
E. Owen ◽  
A. Abate ◽  
M. Scarr ◽  
J. Tanner
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Maize Stover ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Friesian Cows

Several studies with barley straw (e.g. Wahed et al, 1990) and sorghum stover (e.g. Osafo, 1993) have shown improvements in intake with increasing ‘ad libitum’ amounts offered. Furthermore, these studies have demonstrated that sheep and goats offered barley straw or sorghum stover in long, unprocessed form, increase intake by selecting for leaf and leaf sheath, and against stem. This phenomenon offers a simple feeding strategy to use selective feeding behaviour to improve intake and hence production. The aim of the present experiment was to study the effect of offering increasing amounts of long maize stover on intake and selection by dairy cows.Six, early- to mid-lactation Ayrshire and Friesian cows (live weight, M, 430 kg) were used in a double 3x3 Latin square design with 24-day (d) feeding periods. Cows were offered long (unchopped) maize stover at low, medium or high ‘ad libitum’ rates, i.e. 31, 59 or 87 g dry matter (DM)/kg M.d. Cows also received 3.2 kg DM/d of cotton seed cake (339 g/kg DM crude protein) in two meals at milking (0700 h and 1800 h). Stover was offered in one meal daily, at 0700 h, after collecting refusals from the previous day. Amounts of stover offered and refused were weighed daily. Samples of offered stover (0.5 kg) and refused stover (0.5 kg) were analysed for DM daily. All refused stover and 4.0 kg samples of offered stover were botanically fractionated, daily, into stem (S), leaf (L), sheath (Sh) and husk (H). Milk yield was recorded daily and cows weighed at the start and end of each period.

Effects of underfeeding during the second gestation of Holstein-Friesian heifers. 2. Residual effects on second lactation performance

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 ◽  
pp. 93-93
Author(s):  
J.M. Moorby ◽  
R.J. Dewhurst ◽  
W.J. Fisher ◽  
D.W.R. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Lactational Performance ◽  
Protein Feeding ◽  
Quality Diet ◽  
Ad Libitum

Previous work has shown that dry period protein feeding can have important residual effects on the subsequent lactational performance in dairy cows (Moorby et al., 1996), although the results have been variable. This variability may be due to an animals nutrient requirements during late lactation and its ability to compensate during the dry period for previously inadequate supplies. This experiment was designed to investigate the effects of heifer age and level of concentrate offered during the second half of the first lactation on the second lactation performance. The size of the Longissimus dorsi was monitored as a marker of skeletal muscle use for lactation.Thirty-eight Holstein-Friesian heifers were treated as described by Dewhurst et al. (1997). Briefly, animals were divided into 4 treatment groups differing in age at first calving (2 or 3 years old) and level of concentrate feeding for the last 18-20 weeks of their first lactation (2 kg/d, ‘L’, or 7 kg/d, ‘H’; n=11, 11, 9 and 7 for treatments 2L, 2H, 3L and 3H respectively). Six weeks before predicted calving date, animals were dried off and offered a relatively low quality diet of ad libitum access to a grass silage:straw mix (40:60 on a DM basis), designed to offer them little chance to compensate for previous differences in diet. After calving, animals were offered a diet of ad libitum access to grass silage plus 8 kg/d concentrate to day 120 of lactation, and 5 kg/d thereafter. Live weight was recorded weekly. After calving, milk yields were recorded daily, and milk samples taken weekly, to week 20 of lactation.

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