Frankliniella occidentalis (western flower thrips).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Reitz
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
The World

Abstract Since the 1970s Frankliniella occidentalis has successfully invaded many countries to become one of the most important agricultural pests of ornamental, vegetable and fruit crops globally. Its invasiveness is largely attributed to the international movement of plant material and insecticide resistance, both of which have combined to foster the rapid spread of the species throughout the world (Kirk and Terry, 2003; Reitz et al., 2020). Individuals are very small and they reside in concealed places on plants; thus are easily hidden and hard to detect in transported plant material. They reproduce rapidly and are highly polyphagous, breeding on many horticultural crops that are transported around the world. F. occidentalis is species no. 177 on the list of A2 pests regulated as quarantine pests in the European Plant Protection Organisation (EPPO) region (version 2005-09). It has now reached many countries, and remains a serious threat to crops in those countries that it has not yet reached.

scholarly journals Complexity and local specificity of the virome associated with tospovirus-transmitting thrips species.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Chiapello ◽  
Lara Bosco ◽  
M. Ciuffo ◽  
S. Ottati ◽  
N. Salem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Thrips Species ◽  
Repeated Sampling ◽  
Neohydatothrips Variabilis

Frankliniella occidentalis (western flower thrips=WFT) and Thrips tabaci (onion thrips=OT) are insect species that greatly impact horticultural crops through direct damage and their efficient vectoring of tomato spotted wilt virus and iris yellow spot virus. In this study we collected thrips of these species from 12 field populations in various regions in Italy. We also included one field population of Neohydatothrips variabilis (soybean thrips=ST) from the U.S.A. Total RNAseq from high-throughput sequencing (HTS) was used to assemble the virome and then we assigned putative viral contigs to each thrips sample by qRT-PCR. Excluding plant and fungal viruses, we were able to identify 61 viral segments, corresponding to 41 viruses: 14 were assigned to WFT, 17 to OT, one from ST and 9 viruses could not be assigned to any species based on our stringent criteria. All these viruses are putative representative of new species (with only the exception of a sobemo-like virus that is 100% identical to a virus recently characterized in ST) and some belong to new higher-ranking taxa. These additions to the viral phylogeny suggest previously undescribed evolutionary niches. Most of the Baltimore’s classes of RNA viruses were present (positive- and minus- strand and dsRNA viruses), but only one DNA virus was identified in our collection. Repeated sampling in a subset of locations in 2019 and 2020 and further virus characterization in a subset of four thrips populations maintained in laboratory allowed us to provide evidence of a locally persistent thrips core virome that characterizes each population. IMPORTANCE Harnessing the insect microbiome can result in new approaches to contain their populations or the damage they cause vectoring viruses of medical, veterinary, or agricultural importance. Persistent insect viruses are a neglected component of their microbiota. Here for the first time, we characterize the virome associated with the two model systems for tospovirus-transmitting thrips species, of utmost importance for the direct and indirect damage they cause to a number of different crops. The thrips virome here characterized includes several novel viruses, that in some cases reveal previously undescribed clades. More importantly, some of the viruses we describe are part of a core virome that is specific and consistently present in distinct geographical locations monitored over the years, hinting at a possible mutualistic symbiotic relationship with their host.

scholarly journals Effects of Spray Volume and Application Frequency on Insecticide Efficacy Against Adult Western Flower Thrips (Frankliniella Occidentalis) under Greenhouse Conditions

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 1708-1714
Author(s):  
Devin L. Radosevich ◽  
Raymond A. Cloyd ◽  
Nathan J. Herrick
Keyword(s):  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Insecticide Efficacy ◽  
Percent Mortality ◽  
Application Frequency ◽  
Spray Volume

The western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), is a major insect pest of greenhouse-grown horticultural crops. Western flower thrips causes direct and indirect damage by feeding on plant leaves, flowers, and fruits, and by transmitting viruses that can result in greenhouse producers experiencing substantial economic losses. Consequently, insecticides are used to suppress western flower thrips populations. However, issues associated with applying insecticides may affect the suppression of western flower thrips populations. Therefore, experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions to determine the effects of the spray volume applied and application frequency on insecticide efficacy against western flower thrips adults located in transvaal daisy, Gerbera jamesonii, cut flowers. Four spray volumes (5.0, 10.0, 12.5, and 25.0 mL), two application frequencies (one or two spray applications), and three insecticides [spinosad (Conserve), chlorfenapyr (Pylon), and flonicamid (Aria)], each with a different mode of action, were tested. The insecticide treatments had the greatest effects on the mean percent mortality of western flower thrips adults regardless of spray volume or application frequency. However, in Expt. 3, the 5.0- and 10.0-mL spray volumes resulted in a higher mean percent mortality of western flower thrips adults than the 2.5-mL spray volume. Spinosad and chlorfenapyr resulted in a mean percent mortality of more than 72% for western flower thrips adults, whereas flonicamid resulted in mean percent mortality between 40% and 91%. Our study demonstrates that certain insecticides are more effective against western flower thrips adults located in transvaal daisy flowers than others, which will help greenhouse producers effectively manage western flower thrips populations.

scholarly journals Wavelength-Specific Behavior of the Western Flower Thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis): Evidence for a Blue-Green Chromatic Mechanism

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 423
Author(s):  
Niklas Stukenberg ◽  
Markus Pietruska ◽  
Axel Waldherr ◽  
Rainer Meyhöfer
Keyword(s):  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Visible Spectral Range ◽  
Floral Resources ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Color Preferences ◽  
Flower Thrips

The western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) is a serious pest in horticulture, feeding on leaf tissue and floral resources. Blue and yellow sticky traps are commonly used for monitoring and control in greenhouses. The mechanisms underlying the color preferences are largely unknown. The use of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is a promising approach to increase the attractiveness of visual traps and to study the color choice behavior in insects. The color preferences of F. occidentalis were systematically investigated in a series of choice experiments with several LEDs from the ultraviolet (UV) and visible spectral range. Blue LEDs were most attractive, followed by green, while only a moderate attractiveness of UV was observed. Blue and green were identified as two separate attractive ranges. When light from blue and green LEDs was mixed, the attractiveness decreased compared to its single components. In conclusion, F. occidentalis exhibits two different wavelength specific behaviors towards blue and green. Compelling indications are provided that these behaviors are controlled by two photoreceptors maximally sensitive in the blue and green range with an inhibitory chromatic interaction between both. Since the known UV sensitive photoreceptor could be confirmed, a trichromatic photoreceptor setup is suggested for F. occidentalis. For advanced plant protection strategies, the results offer several opportunities to optimize monitoring or even develop mass trapping devices.

scholarly journals α-Ionone, an Apocarotenoid, Induces Plant Resistance to Western Flower Thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, Independently of Jasmonic Acid

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mika Murata ◽  
Tetsuya Kobayashi ◽  
Shigemi Seo
Keyword(s):  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Common Cutworm ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
As Stress

Apocarotenoids, such as β-cyclocitral, α-ionone, β-ionone, and loliolide, are derived from carotenes via chemical or enzymatic processes. Recent studies revealed that β-cyclocitral and loliolide play an important role in various aspects of plant physiology, such as stress responses, plant growth, and herbivore resistance. However, information on the physiological role of α-ionone is limited. We herein investigated the effects of α-ionone on plant protection against herbivore attacks. The pretreatment of whole tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants with α-ionone vapor decreased the survival rate of western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) without exhibiting insecticidal activity. Exogenous α-ionone enhanced the expression of defense-related genes, such as basic β-1,3-glucanase and basic chitinase genes, in tomato leaves, but not that of jasmonic acid (JA)- or loliolide-responsive genes. The pretreatment with α-ionone markedly decreased egg deposition by western flower thrips in the JA-insensitive Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant coi1-1. We also found that common cutworm (Spodoptera litura) larvae fed on α-ionone-treated tomato plants exhibited a reduction in weight. These results suggest that α-ionone induces plant resistance to western flower thrips through a different mode of action from that of JA and loliolide.

OVERWINTERING OF WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS (THYSANOPTERA: THRIPIDAE) IN PENNSYLVANIA

1993 ◽  
Vol 125 (5) ◽  
pp. 971-973 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. Felland ◽  
L.A. Hull ◽  
D.A.J. Teulon ◽  
E. Alan Cameron
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
The World

Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), originally distributed throughout western North America (Bryan and Smith 1956), have since spread to greenhouses in the eastern United States and Canada, and to many other parts of the world (Brodsgaard 1989). Populations have established outdoors in the southeastern United States (Chamberlin et al. 1992) and in several other warm regions of the world (Brodsgaard 1993). but have failed to establish in Ontario (Broadbent and Hunt 1991) and the northern parts of Europe (Brodsgaard 1993). We have not found reports of western flower thrips overwintering outdoors in the northeastern United States.

scholarly journals Ultraviolet radiation modulates both constitutive and inducible plant defenses against thrips but is dose and plant genotype dependent

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocío Escobar-Bravo ◽  
Charlotte Nederpel ◽  
Sofía Naranjo ◽  
Hye Kyong Kim ◽  
María José Rodríguez-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Plant Defenses ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Affected Plant ◽  
Mother Plants ◽  
Uv Dose

Abstract Ultraviolet (UV) radiation has emerged as an environmental cue with potential uses to enhance plant protection against arthropod pests in agriculture. UV can augment constitutive and inducible plant defenses against herbivorous arthropods. Here we investigated whether application of supplemental UV to chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum × morifolium Ramat) cuttings during their rooting phase enhanced plant resistance to an important insect pest, Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis). For this, we analyzed how several daily UV exposure times affected plant damage by thrips on three different chrysanthemum cultivars. The most effective UV dose and responsive cultivar were further used to determine the UV effects on host plant preference by thrips, leaf metabolome and the induction of jasmonic acid (JA)-associated defenses. Our results showed that while short UV daily exposure times increased chrysanthemum resistance to thrips, longer exposure times had the opposite effect. Furthermore, we showed that UV-mediated induction of chrysanthemum resistance to thrips was genotype dependent and can persist after the end of the of the UV treatment. Yet, this induction was not transferred to the next generation from mother plants to cuttings. Nontargeted metabolomic, enzymatic and hormone analyses further revealed that UV slightly affected the leaf metabolome of chrysanthemum plants, and it enhanced the induction of JA-associated signaling after thrips infestation. Taken together, our results suggest that supplemental UV might modulate both constitutive and inducible chrysanthemum defenses against thrips.

scholarly journals 443 Resistance in Impatiens wallerana to Western Flower Thrips [Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande)] Feeding Damage

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 470B-470
Author(s):  
B. Bejie Herrin ◽  
Daniel F. Warnock
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
Visual Evaluation ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Thrips Population

Western flower thrips are an ever-increasing problem in greenhouse floriculture crops. Thrips resistance to pesticides as well as tighter regulations on pesticide use are making thrips management in the greenhouse more difficult. To improve host plant resistance, a study was conducted to determine if impatiens cultivars varied in their susceptibility to western flower thrips feeding damage. In a replicated study, nine impatiens cultivars were inoculated with about 30 thrips. Thrips were allowed to feed on individual plants during an 8-week period of growth. During plant growth, visual evaluations to estimate thrips feeding damage were conducted every 2 weeks. At the conclusion of the experiment, a final visual evaluation was made and thrips numbers were determined. Cultivars varied in estimates of thrips feeding damage. Several cultivars exhibited significantly reduced levels of thrips feeding damage. Of these cultivars, some had high thrips population levels, indicating tolerance, while other cultivars had low thrips population levels, an indication of antibiosis. One cultivar was determined to be highly susceptible to thrips feeding damage. This cultivar was so damaged by the end of the study, remaining plant material was unable to support thrips populations. Variability was found in the levels of thrips feeding damage and thrips population levels indicating the presence of tolerance and/or antibiosis. Because of detected variability, the potential for improving impatiens resistance to thrips feeding damages exists.

scholarly journals Investigation of biological plant protection in protected culture of pepper

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Viktor József Vojnich ◽  
Hajnalka Darázsi Ledóné ◽  
Adrienn Szarvas ◽  
Árpád Ferencz ◽  
Zsuzsanna Deák ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Predatory Mites ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Annual Plants ◽  
Orius Laevigatus ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Tobacco Thrips

The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of regularly applied biological control by continuous monitoring of pests with the help of color traps (sticky sheets) and flower tests with joint species identification of the useful insect to determine the extent to which native useful insects can settle next to the introduced predatory ones. The latter process is to be facilitated by growing a flowering mixture of annual plants at one of the experimental sites, which provides adequate feeding and hiding place for beneficial insects.The experiment was performed in one pepper forcing period. The main pest insects are: western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis), tobacco thrips (Thrips tabaci).Useful insects in the experiment: predatory mites (Amblyseius spp.) and predatory flower bugs (Orius laevigatus).

Efficacy of plant volatiles for postharvest control of western flower thrips in fresh produce

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 197-204
Author(s):  
C.W. Van_Epenhuijsen ◽  
K.G. Somerfield ◽  
D. Hedderley
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Plant Volatiles ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Fresh Produce ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
The Other ◽  
Insect Infestation ◽  
Main Compound ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Postharvest Control

Insect infestation of fresh produce exported from New Zealand is an ongoing issue for exporters Seventeen lowhazard volatile compounds were screened for their potential as fumigants for controlling adults nymphs and eggs of western flower thrips (WFT) Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) WFT infested chrysanthemum flowers were exposed to volatiles in glass jars with circulation fans Higher mortality was achieved for adults than for nymphs/eggs Mortality after the 6 h exposure was greater than after the 2 h exposure Compounds that had good efficacy against WFT included 2propyn1ol diallyl sulphide (the main compound of garlic oils) 2methyl(E)butenal and ethyl acetate Of these 2propyn1ol caused significant phytotoxicity at the concentrations tested The other three were tolerated by the plant material and are worth further investigation

scholarly journals Biological control of thrips pests (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) under greenhouse conditions in Transylvania, Romania

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Greenhouse Climate ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Beneficial Organisms

In present, vegetable cultivation faces significant challenges for two reasons: (i) cultivators have to produce healthy, first-class goods, and (ii) vegetables are allowed to contain only a specified pesticide residue. Development of insecticide resistance as a result of repeated insecticide treatments is causing difficulties to cultivators, who have paid attention to biological control methods over recent years. In Romania, pepper sprouting represents a prominent place in greenhouse vegetable production. Under greenhouse conditions, one of the most dangerous pests of peppers is the western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis), which can trigger high economic losses. In recent years, several populations have been found resistant to insecticides and other active compounds, therefore, in our experiments, performed under greenhouse conditions, we used the predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii and the pirate bug Orius laevigatus against the western flower thrips. In addition to thrips, we monitored the growth and spread of introduced beneficial organisms based on collected flower samples. We also evaluated the relationships between beneficial organisms and greenhouse climate data. Introduction of natural enemies has proven a success of biological plant protection, as thrips did not cause economic losses in our experiment.

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