Pseudomonas lachrymans. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Rain Splash ◽  
Pseudomonas Lachrymans

Abstract A description is provided for Pseudomonas lachrymans. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Cucumis sativus and C. anguria. It may also attack C. melo var. inodorus (26: 140) and some other cucurbits. Elliott (31: 105) lists 10 hosts, all in the Cucurbitaceae. DISEASE: Angular leaf spot of cucumber. Small water-soaked spots appear on the leaves, petioles, stems, and fruits. On leaves they enlarge and become angular as they are delimited by veins They become tan to brown and the necrotic centres may fall out. On petioles, stems, and fruit spots develop white crusty bactenal exudate. A fruit rot develops if the bacteria penetrate deeply. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: North and parts of Central America, most of Europe, U.S.S.R., China, Japan, W. Australia, Israel, southern Africa. (CMI Map 355, ed. 2, 1964). TRANSMISSION: The pathogen is seed-borne and infects the cotyledons dunng germination. It can overwinter on infected crop residue in the soil and has been found viable in dry leaf matenal after two and a half years (36: 677). The bacteria are carried from plant to plant within a crop by rain splash and probably by insects (Carsner, 1918; 31: 272). Workers can also spread the disease, particularly when foliage is wet with rain or dew (35: 810).

Mycosphaerella aleuritis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
Angular Leaf Spot ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Rain Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Mycosphaerella aleuritis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST: Aleurites fordii, A. mollucana, A. montana. DISEASE: Angular leaf spot of tung. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Central African Republic, Malagasy Republic, Malawi, Zaire (probably also Cameroon, Chad, Congo, Gabon). Asia: China, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Taiwan. Central America & Caribbean: Cuba, Trinidad. North America: USA. South America: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay? (CMI Distribution Map 278, ed. 3, 1975). TRANSMISSION: By ascospores and conidia, which are mainly dispersed by rain-splash and wind (45, 1989f).

Mycosphaerella caricae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Water Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Mycosphaerella caricae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST: Carica papaya. DISEASE: Fruit rot, leaf spot and stem rot of pawpaw. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Mauritius, Nigeria, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Asia: Burma, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand. Australasia & Oceania: Australia, USA (Hawaii), Papua New Guinea, West Irian. Central America & West Indies: Cuba, Honduras, Mexico. South America: Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador. TRANSMISSION: Presumably by windborne ascospores and conidia, by water splash and contact through natural wounds.

Erwinia mallotivora. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Spot ◽  
Secondary Spread ◽  
Shoot Blight ◽  
Mallotus Japonicus ◽  
Rain Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Erwinia mallotivora. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST: Mallotus japonicus (Euphorbiaceae). DISEASE: Bacterial leaf spot. The disease starts as water-soaked spots on the newly developing leaves in May and June. The spots tend to form close to the main veins. They enlarge and become angular as they are restricted by the veins, becoming dark brown, and often with a chlorotic halo about 1 mm wide. Spots may coalesce and kill the leaf, and shoot blight may also occur. Under humid conditions bacteria may exude on to the leaf surface. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Japan. TRANSMISSION: Unknown, but presumably rain splash plays a part at least in secondary spread.

Puccinia psidii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Laundon
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
South America ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Central America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Eucalyptus Citriodora ◽  
Puccinia Psidii ◽  
Guava Rust ◽  
Rain Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Puccinia psidii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Pimenta officinalis and Psidium guajava, also on Callistemon speciosus, Eucalyptus citriodora, Eugenia jambos, E. malaccensis, E. uvalha, Marlierea edulis, Myrcia spp., Myrciaria jaboticaba and Pimenta acris. DISEASE: Guava rust. Attacks foliage, inflorescences and young succulent twigs of pimento and Eucalyptus, and foliage and fruit of guava, causing severe defoliation under certain conditions. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Central America and Caribbean (Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Trinidad); South America (Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Uruguay, Venezuela). (CMI Map 181, Ed. 2, 1949 & Herb. IMI.) TRANSMISSION: Urediospores disseminated by rain-splash in Jamaica (41: 569).

Septoria apiicola. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Host Tissue ◽  
Variable Size ◽  
Infected Seed ◽  
Seedling Roots ◽  
Rain Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Septoria apiicola. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Apium spp. DISEASE: Leaf spot (or late blight) of cultivated and wild celery and celeriac. On leaves, seeds and seedling roots, reducing yield and causing wastage through blemishes on the edible petioles. Leaf lesions of variable size, 1-6 mm diam., abundant, amphigenous, circular or sometimes vein-limited, confluent when severe, becoming depressed pale brown, margin diffuse. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide on Apium spp. TRANSMISSION: Seed-borne (Noble et al., 1958; Sheridan, 1966). Also disseminated by rain-splash, in irrigation water, by contact as well as by animals and workman's tools (Chupp & Sherf, 1960). The pathogen may remain viable in the soil for 18 months in buried celery crop refuse, but for less than 6 weeks in the absence of intact host tissue (42: 82). Viability in infected seed may drop to 2% within 8 months from harvest and both mycelium and conidia can stay alive in seed stored up to 14 months (42: 508; 44, 1332) but not beyond 2 yr.

Xanthomonas fragariae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Saddler
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Night Time ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Xanthomonas Fragariae ◽  
Rain Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Xanthomonas fragariae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Fragaria × ananassa (Rosaceae); by artificial inoculation: Fragaria virginiana, F. vesca, Potentilla fruticosa and P. glandulosa (Rosaceae). DISEASE: Angular leaf spot and vascular decline or collapse of strawberry. First described in 1962 in North America. The leaf spot phase appears as minute water-soaked spots on the underside of leaves surrounded by the smallest veins. In the early stages symptoms are only visible on the leaf underside. Spots enlarge, coalesce, penetrate to the upper leaf surface and darken, turning into large, irregular necrotic areas. They have a shiny appearance and are usually covered by bacterial exudate which, when dry, turns brown and appears as gum-like scales. Spots coalesce more frequently along the primary and secondary veins. The dead tissues tear and break off, and the diseased leaf may assume a ragged appearance. Heavy losses may occur with frequent overhead sprinkler irrigation. The conditions favouring infection are moderate to cool daytime temperatures (about 20°C), low night-time temperatures and high humidities (MAAS, 1998). In addition, blossom blight of strawberry has been found in California and is caused by a complex of X. fragariae and Cladosporium cladosporioides (GUBLER et al., 1999). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: Ethiopia, Réunion. NORTH AMERICA: Canada (New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec), USA (California, Florida, Kentucky, Minnesota, North Carolina, Wisconsin). SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina, Brazil (Minas Gerais, Rio Grande do Sul, Sao Paulo), Chile, Ecuador, Paraguay, Uruguay, Venezuela. ASIA: Taiwan, Israel. AUSTRALASIA: Australia (New South Wales, South Australia, Victoria), New Zealand. EUROPE: Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy (Sicily), Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine. TRANSMISSION: Rain splash from infested leaf litter in the soil on to young healthy leaves. Penetration occurs through the stomata. Infections of the crowns occur through local wounds or downwards from affected leaves. Bacteria can overwinter in leaf litter and for many years in dried leaf material. Residues of infected leaves and crown infections on runners used for planting are sources of inoculum for primary infections.

Diaporthe manihotis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Severe Attack ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Pale Green

Abstract A description is provided for Diaporthe manihotis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST: Manihot esculenta. DISEASE: Leaf spot of cassava (46, 64) or sometimes referred to as Phomopsis blight of tapioca (54, 2588). In the early stages of infection the visible symptoms are pale green, watersoaked, small round spots on young leaves and petioles which rapidly enlarge and turn brown. Severe attack leads to defoliation and infection spreading to the stem. Affected areas become shrivelled with numerous pycnidia embedded in the tissue. On severely infected stems the bark starts to peel off gradually leading to partial or total girdling. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Ethiopia, Nigeria); Asia (India); Central America and West Indies (S.E. Dominica); South America (Colombia). TRANSMISSION: Probably by watersplash-dispersed conidia.

Diaporthe capsici. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Rain Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Diaporthe capsici. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Capsicum spp. DISEASE: Dieback (Anon., 1972) and fruit rot of chillies, GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Ethiopia, Kenya, Mauritius, Nigeria); Asia (India, Sabah, Sarawak, Western Malaysia, Philippines); Australasia & Oceania (Fiji, Solomon Is.); West Indies (Trinidad). TRANSMISSION: No studies reported; presumably by conidia spread by rain splash although it is probable that the fungus might also be seed borne.

Cercospora parthenii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. David
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Central America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Wind Dispersal ◽  
Airborne Conidia

Abstract A description is provided for Cercospora parthenii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Leaf spot of parthenium. HOSTS: Parthenium hysterophorus (Compositae). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: CENTRAL AMERICA: Cuba, Dominican Republic, Trinidad. SOUTH AMERICA: Venezuela. TRANSMISSION: By wind dispersal of airborne conidia.

Phoma prunicola. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Morgan-Jones
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Fruit Rot

Abstract A description is provided for Phoma prunicola. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Malus spp., Prunus spp., and a variety of other substrates. DISEASE: Leaf spot of apple, pear and species of Prunus. Thought to be a secondary invader. Isolated from fruit rot of lemon (31: 487). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Kenya, Nigeria, Tanzania); Asia (India, Israel); Australasia (Tasmania); Europe (Bulgaria, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, U.S.S.R.); N. America (United States). TRANSMISSION: Probably seed and soil borne. Dissemination by rain.

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