Mucor racemosus. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Lunn
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Fruit And Vegetables ◽  
Mucor Racemosus ◽  
Soil Animal ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Pathogenic Organism

Abstract A description is provided for Mucor racemosus. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On soil, animal droppings, air, stored fruit and vegetables and associated with disorders of man and animals. DISEASE: Plants: Causes a spongy storage rot of various vegetables and fruit, e.g. sweet potatoes, potatoes and citrus, when kept at temperatures below 7°C (Chupp & Sherf, 1960). Man and animals: There are reports from bovine mycotic abortion (Austwick & Venn, 1962), avian pulmonary phycomycosis (RMVM 8, 596) and from skin in disease of guineapig (RMVM 7, 2000). However, doubt is cast on the role of M. racemosus as a pathogenic organism in warm blooded animals as it does not grow at 37°C. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne sporangiospores.

Rhizopus stolonifer. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Lunn
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Fruit And Vegetables ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Pathogenic Organism

Abstract A description is provided for Rhizopus stolonifer. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On soil, fruit and vegetables and decaying plant material, and associated with disorders of man and animals. DISEASE: Causes a wet, pale brown soft rot of many fruit and vegetables. Particularly severe in storage on sweet potatoes, peaches and strawberries. Known as 'whiskers' because of profuse mycelial growth or 'leek' because of soft watery rot. Mildly parasitic to maturing fruit before they are harvested but primarily a wound invading fungus. It is reported as poisoning man (RMVM 6, 1831) and cattle (RMVM 6, 2161) and, experimentally, rats (RMVM 6, 1831). This species has been reported from various phycomycoses of man (RMVM 7, 1885, 3081, 4440; 11, 406), from bovine mycotic abortion (RMVM 6, 2145) and is reported to be experimentally pathogenic to rabbits (RMVM 7, 4027). However, doubt is cast on the role of R. stolonifer as a pathogenic organism in warm-blooded animals as it does not grow at 37°C. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne sporangiospores and also by fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) associated with decaying fruits (43, 576).

Rhizopus oryzae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Lunn
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Rhizopus Oryzae ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Vascular Involvement ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Diabetic Rabbits

Abstract A description is provided for Rhizopus oryzae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: In air, soil, compost, and pathogenic for plants, man and other warm blooded animals. DISEASE: Plants: Often in association with R. stolonifer or other fungi, causes pale brown soft rot of fruit, vegetables and bulbs, especially rot of sweet potatoes (Harter et al., 1921; Lauritzen & Harter, 1925; 52, 4179 (as R. nodosus)), root rot of sugar beet (Hildebrand & Koch, 1943; Gaskill & Seliskar, 1952; 52, 1718) and seed-bed losses in groundnuts (Gibson & Clinton, 1953). Also, again in association as above, causes storage rot of many plant products (53, 99) including soyabean seed (54, 1959). Man and animals: Cause of rhinocerebral phycomycosis, sometimes with ocular or vascular involvement in man, particularly diabetics (RMVM 6, 504, 3028; 5, 1426; 8, 2113; 9, 2410). Also reported from bovine mycotic abortion (Nicolet et al., 1966) and from mycotic pneumonia in chicks (RMVM 7, 1861). Has been used in experimental infection of mice, thyroidectomized rats (RMVM 6, 2119) and alloxan-diabetic rabbits (RMVM 7, 2628). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne sporangiospores.

Mucor racemosus. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Sarbhoy
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Mucor Racemosus

Abstract A description is provided for Mucor racemosus. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: In soil etc. but frequently associated with disorders of man, animals and plants. DISEASES: Probably not a primary pathogen or perhaps non-pathogenic but very frequently associated with diseased conditions. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne sporangiospores.

Rhizopus oryzae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Sarbhoy
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Rhizopus Oryzae ◽  
Fatal Case ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Cerebral Infection

Abstract A description is provided for Rhizopus oryzae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: In soil and compost and also pathgenic for plants and man (causing mycoses). DISEASES: Plants: Causing a rot of sweet potatoes (Harter et al., 1921; Lauritzen & Harter, 1925), sugar-beet (Hildebrand & Koch; 1943, Gaskill & Saliskar, 1962) and seed-bed losses in groundnuts (Gibson & Clinton, 1953). Man. A cause of phycomycosis (syn. 'mucormycosis'); see Emmons et al. (1963, p. 194). Cerebral infection is not uncommon (RMVM 2, 1627, 1628, 2148) and a fatal case of rhinocerebral infection has been fully described by La Touche et al. (RMVM 4, 2028; 5, 390). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne sporangiospores.

Mutual Fund Equity Allocations World Wide and the Role of International GAAP Differences*

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jere R. Francis ◽  
Shawn X. Huang ◽  
Inder K. Khurana
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Fund ◽  
World Wide

Arthrocladiella mougeotii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P. Heluta
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Republic Of Georgia ◽  
Lycium Barbarum ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
High Infection

Abstract A description is provided for Arthrocladiella mougeotii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Powdery mildew of Lycium species only. The mycelium, conidiophores, conidia and ascomata form first white, then dirty-grey patches on damaged green parts of the host. Infected parts are deformed slightly and, in cases of high infection, plants can lose their ornamental qualities. Damaged leaves can fall prematurely. HOSTS: Lycium barbarum (= L. europaeum), L. chinense, L. dasystemum, L. halimifolium, L. ovatum, L. potaninii, L. rhombifolium, L. ruthenicum. [Type host - Lycium barbarum] GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Canary Islands. Asia (temperate areas only): Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Republic of Georgia, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kirghizistan, Korea, Russia (Russian far east), Tadzhikistan, Taiwan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. Australasia: New Zealand (introduced). Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Rumania, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Ukraine (southern), former Yugoslavia. North America: USA (introduced). TRANSMISSION: By wind-dispersed conidia. The rôle of ascospores in disease transmission is unknown, although it has been supposed that they can cause the initial stage of the disease.

Beauveria bassiana. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. K. Brady
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Nasal Swab ◽  
Wild Rodents ◽  
Colorado Beetle ◽  
Porthetria Dispar ◽  
New Skin

Abstract A description is provided for Beauveria bassiana. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS & SUBSTRATA: All stages of insects of all groups; lungs of wild rodents, nasal swab of horse; man; giant tortoise. The fungus overwinters in vegetable matter and is found in the soil. DISEASE: The fungus has been known since 1835 as the cause of the muscardine disease of silkworms. Although B. bassiana has multiplied in bees in laboratory tests it has so far not been recorded from bees in nature (Bailey, 1971). According to Wasti & Hartman (1975) penetration of the cuticle of gypsy moth (Porthetria dispar[Lymantria dispar]) larvae takes place 24 h after 2nd instar larvae have crawled over a culture of B. bassiana and within 64h the interior of the insect is completely filled with hyphae. These authors also note penetration of the gut wall. Fargues & Vey (1974), who sprayed conidia on to 3rd instar larvae of Leptinostarsa decemlineata (Colorado beetle), showed that conidia germinate on the surface of the integument, penetrate the loosening skin, and blastospores develop in the moulting fluid, infecting the new integument as it forms. Some individuals cannot finish the moult, in others the delicate new skin ruptures and hyphae enter the haemolymph. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World wide.

Eurotium rubrum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Kozakiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Human Nails

Abstract A description is provided for Eurotium rubrum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: A xerotolerant species with the same host range as E. repens (IMI Sheet 1255). DISEASES: Not known to be a pathogen of animals or man, but the species has been isolated from human nails (Smith, 1989). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide.

Cunninghamella echinulata. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Sarbhoy
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima ◽  
Tropical Countries ◽  
Cunninghamella Echinulata

Abstract A description is provided for Cunninghamella echinulata. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On decaying flowers of Cucurbita pepo, dung and soil. DISEASE: Reported pathogenic to Spanish pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) at Chandigarh and neighbouring villages in the Punjab, India by Grover (1965). Symptoms recognizable when the flowers begin to die off gradually. Diseased flowers do not open properly. Infected flowers are covered with the cottony mycelium of the pathogen and infected fruits may become detached from the plant and continue to rot on the soil. Leaves and stalks are also frequently infected. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide (mostly tropical countries). TRANSMISSION: Air borne; may survive in fragments of mummified pumpkin fruit up to 32 months.

Rhizopus stolonifer. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Sarbhoy
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Artocarpus Integrifolia

Abstract A description is provided for Rhizopus stolonifer. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On fruits: papaya, plum, strawberry, sweet potato, cotton, groundnuts and in rhizosphere soil of various plants, soil and decaying leaves. DISEASE: Causing fruit rot of plum, Jak fruit (Artocarpus integrifolia[Artocarpus integer]), strawberry ('leak'), peach and a rot of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) and cotton bolls. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide. TRANSMISSION: Air-borne and also by fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster, associated with decaying fruit (RAM 43, 576).

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