Rhizopus oryzae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Sarbhoy
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Rhizopus Oryzae ◽  
Fatal Case ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Cerebral Infection

Abstract A description is provided for Rhizopus oryzae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: In soil and compost and also pathgenic for plants and man (causing mycoses). DISEASES: Plants: Causing a rot of sweet potatoes (Harter et al., 1921; Lauritzen & Harter, 1925), sugar-beet (Hildebrand & Koch; 1943, Gaskill & Saliskar, 1962) and seed-bed losses in groundnuts (Gibson & Clinton, 1953). Man. A cause of phycomycosis (syn. 'mucormycosis'); see Emmons et al. (1963, p. 194). Cerebral infection is not uncommon (RMVM 2, 1627, 1628, 2148) and a fatal case of rhinocerebral infection has been fully described by La Touche et al. (RMVM 4, 2028; 5, 390). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne sporangiospores.

Rhizopus oryzae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Lunn
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Rhizopus Oryzae ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Vascular Involvement ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Diabetic Rabbits

Abstract A description is provided for Rhizopus oryzae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: In air, soil, compost, and pathogenic for plants, man and other warm blooded animals. DISEASE: Plants: Often in association with R. stolonifer or other fungi, causes pale brown soft rot of fruit, vegetables and bulbs, especially rot of sweet potatoes (Harter et al., 1921; Lauritzen & Harter, 1925; 52, 4179 (as R. nodosus)), root rot of sugar beet (Hildebrand & Koch, 1943; Gaskill & Seliskar, 1952; 52, 1718) and seed-bed losses in groundnuts (Gibson & Clinton, 1953). Also, again in association as above, causes storage rot of many plant products (53, 99) including soyabean seed (54, 1959). Man and animals: Cause of rhinocerebral phycomycosis, sometimes with ocular or vascular involvement in man, particularly diabetics (RMVM 6, 504, 3028; 5, 1426; 8, 2113; 9, 2410). Also reported from bovine mycotic abortion (Nicolet et al., 1966) and from mycotic pneumonia in chicks (RMVM 7, 1861). Has been used in experimental infection of mice, thyroidectomized rats (RMVM 6, 2119) and alloxan-diabetic rabbits (RMVM 7, 2628). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne sporangiospores.

Mucor racemosus. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Lunn
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Fruit And Vegetables ◽  
Mucor Racemosus ◽  
Soil Animal ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Pathogenic Organism

Abstract A description is provided for Mucor racemosus. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On soil, animal droppings, air, stored fruit and vegetables and associated with disorders of man and animals. DISEASE: Plants: Causes a spongy storage rot of various vegetables and fruit, e.g. sweet potatoes, potatoes and citrus, when kept at temperatures below 7°C (Chupp & Sherf, 1960). Man and animals: There are reports from bovine mycotic abortion (Austwick & Venn, 1962), avian pulmonary phycomycosis (RMVM 8, 596) and from skin in disease of guineapig (RMVM 7, 2000). However, doubt is cast on the role of M. racemosus as a pathogenic organism in warm blooded animals as it does not grow at 37°C. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne sporangiospores.

Rhizopus stolonifer. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Lunn
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Fruit And Vegetables ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Pathogenic Organism

Abstract A description is provided for Rhizopus stolonifer. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On soil, fruit and vegetables and decaying plant material, and associated with disorders of man and animals. DISEASE: Causes a wet, pale brown soft rot of many fruit and vegetables. Particularly severe in storage on sweet potatoes, peaches and strawberries. Known as 'whiskers' because of profuse mycelial growth or 'leek' because of soft watery rot. Mildly parasitic to maturing fruit before they are harvested but primarily a wound invading fungus. It is reported as poisoning man (RMVM 6, 1831) and cattle (RMVM 6, 2161) and, experimentally, rats (RMVM 6, 1831). This species has been reported from various phycomycoses of man (RMVM 7, 1885, 3081, 4440; 11, 406), from bovine mycotic abortion (RMVM 6, 2145) and is reported to be experimentally pathogenic to rabbits (RMVM 7, 4027). However, doubt is cast on the role of R. stolonifer as a pathogenic organism in warm-blooded animals as it does not grow at 37°C. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne sporangiospores and also by fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) associated with decaying fruits (43, 576).

Beauveria bassiana. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. K. Brady
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Nasal Swab ◽  
Wild Rodents ◽  
Colorado Beetle ◽  
Porthetria Dispar ◽  
New Skin

Abstract A description is provided for Beauveria bassiana. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS & SUBSTRATA: All stages of insects of all groups; lungs of wild rodents, nasal swab of horse; man; giant tortoise. The fungus overwinters in vegetable matter and is found in the soil. DISEASE: The fungus has been known since 1835 as the cause of the muscardine disease of silkworms. Although B. bassiana has multiplied in bees in laboratory tests it has so far not been recorded from bees in nature (Bailey, 1971). According to Wasti & Hartman (1975) penetration of the cuticle of gypsy moth (Porthetria dispar[Lymantria dispar]) larvae takes place 24 h after 2nd instar larvae have crawled over a culture of B. bassiana and within 64h the interior of the insect is completely filled with hyphae. These authors also note penetration of the gut wall. Fargues & Vey (1974), who sprayed conidia on to 3rd instar larvae of Leptinostarsa decemlineata (Colorado beetle), showed that conidia germinate on the surface of the integument, penetrate the loosening skin, and blastospores develop in the moulting fluid, infecting the new integument as it forms. Some individuals cannot finish the moult, in others the delicate new skin ruptures and hyphae enter the haemolymph. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World wide.

Eurotium rubrum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Kozakiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Human Nails

Abstract A description is provided for Eurotium rubrum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: A xerotolerant species with the same host range as E. repens (IMI Sheet 1255). DISEASES: Not known to be a pathogen of animals or man, but the species has been isolated from human nails (Smith, 1989). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide.

Cunninghamella echinulata. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Sarbhoy
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima ◽  
Tropical Countries ◽  
Cunninghamella Echinulata

Abstract A description is provided for Cunninghamella echinulata. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On decaying flowers of Cucurbita pepo, dung and soil. DISEASE: Reported pathogenic to Spanish pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) at Chandigarh and neighbouring villages in the Punjab, India by Grover (1965). Symptoms recognizable when the flowers begin to die off gradually. Diseased flowers do not open properly. Infected flowers are covered with the cottony mycelium of the pathogen and infected fruits may become detached from the plant and continue to rot on the soil. Leaves and stalks are also frequently infected. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide (mostly tropical countries). TRANSMISSION: Air borne; may survive in fragments of mummified pumpkin fruit up to 32 months.

Rhizopus stolonifer. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Sarbhoy
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Artocarpus Integrifolia

Abstract A description is provided for Rhizopus stolonifer. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On fruits: papaya, plum, strawberry, sweet potato, cotton, groundnuts and in rhizosphere soil of various plants, soil and decaying leaves. DISEASE: Causing fruit rot of plum, Jak fruit (Artocarpus integrifolia[Artocarpus integer]), strawberry ('leak'), peach and a rot of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) and cotton bolls. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide. TRANSMISSION: Air-borne and also by fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster, associated with decaying fruit (RAM 43, 576).

Erysiphe pisi. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Kapoor
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Erysiphe Pisi ◽  
Lens Esculenta

Abstract A description is provided for Erysiphe pisi. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Papilionaceae, chiefly on Pisum, Dorcynium, Medicago and Vicia; also on Lupinus spp., Lens esculenta[Lens culinaris], Trifolium dubium and? Astragalus alpinus (Blumer, 1967). DISEASE: Powdery mildew of pea. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide. TRANSMISSION: Internally seed borne (15: 338).

Septoria apiicola. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Host Tissue ◽  
Variable Size ◽  
Infected Seed ◽  
Seedling Roots ◽  
Rain Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Septoria apiicola. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Apium spp. DISEASE: Leaf spot (or late blight) of cultivated and wild celery and celeriac. On leaves, seeds and seedling roots, reducing yield and causing wastage through blemishes on the edible petioles. Leaf lesions of variable size, 1-6 mm diam., abundant, amphigenous, circular or sometimes vein-limited, confluent when severe, becoming depressed pale brown, margin diffuse. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide on Apium spp. TRANSMISSION: Seed-borne (Noble et al., 1958; Sheridan, 1966). Also disseminated by rain-splash, in irrigation water, by contact as well as by animals and workman's tools (Chupp & Sherf, 1960). The pathogen may remain viable in the soil for 18 months in buried celery crop refuse, but for less than 6 weeks in the absence of intact host tissue (42: 82). Viability in infected seed may drop to 2% within 8 months from harvest and both mycelium and conidia can stay alive in seed stored up to 14 months (42: 508; 44, 1332) but not beyond 2 yr.

Penicillium purpurogenum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Kozakiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Penicillium Purpurogenum

Abstract A description is provided for Penicillium purpurogenum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Although primarily a soil species, it is common on cereals (Pitt, 1980). DISEASES: On animals: The species has been implicated in mouldy corn toxicosis in swine, cattle and poultry and hepatitis-x in dogs (Beuchat, 1987). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide, primarily as a soil species, but it is also found on organic matter.

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