Attenuation of hyperglycemia and amadori products by aminoguanidine in alloxan-diabetic rabbits occurs via enhancement in antioxidant defenses and control of stress

The micro- and macro-complications in diabetes mellitus (DM) mainly arise from the damage induced by Amadori and advanced glycation end products, as well as the released free radicals. The primary goal of DM treatment is to reduce the risk of micro- and macro-complications. In this study, we looked at the efficacy of aminoguanidine (AG) to prevent the production of early glycation products in alloxan-diabetic rabbits. Type1 DM was induced in rabbits by a single intravenous injection of alloxan (90 mg/kg body weight). Another group of rabbits was pre-treated with AG (100 mg/kg body weight) prior to alloxan injection; this was followed by weekly treatment with 100 mg/kg of AG for eight weeks. Glucose, insulin, and early glycation products (HbA1C and fructosamine) were measured in control, diabetic and AG treated diabetic rabbits. The effects of hyperglycemia on superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), reduced glutathione (rGSH), nitric oxide, lipid peroxides, and protein carbonyl were investigated. Alloxan-diabetic rabbits had lower levels of SOD, CAT, Gpx, and rGSH than control rabbits. Nitric oxide levels were considerably greater. AG administration restored the activities of SOD, CAT, Gpx enzymes up to 70–80% and ameliorated the nitric oxide production. HbA1c and fructosamine levels were considerably lower in AG-treated diabetic rabbits. The observed control of hyperglycemia and amadori adducts in alloxan-diabetic rabbits by AG may be attributed to decrease of stress and restoration of antioxidant defenses.

Evaluation of Bone Marrow Texture and Trabecular Changes With Quantitative DCE-MRI and QCT in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rabbit Models

PurposeTo investigate whether the microvascular permeability of lumbar marrow and bone trabecular changes in early-stage diabetic rabbits can be quantitatively evaluated using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI), quantitative computed tomography, and texture-analyzed permeability parameter Ktrans map of DCE-MRI.Materials and MethodsThis prospective study included 24 rabbits that were randomly assigned to diabetic (n = 14) and control (n = 10) groups. All rabbits underwent sagittal MRI of the lumbar region at 0, 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks after alloxan injection. Pearson correlation coefficient was performed to determine the correlation between permeability parameter and bone mineral density (BMD). Repeated-measures ANOVA was used to analyze the changes in lumbar BMD over time in each group and the texture parameters of diabetic rabbit lumbar marrow at different time points. Mann–Whitney U rank sum test was used to compare the differences of each index between the two groups and calculate the area under the curve (AUC).ResultsBMD was correlated with Ktrans, Kep, and Ve but not with Vp. At weeks 0–16, the BMD of the rabbits in the diabetic and normal groups was not statistically significant, but the change in BMD showed an overall downward trend. For texture analysis, entropy, energy, and Uniformized positive pixel (UPP) parameters extracted from the Ktrans map showed significant differences from week 0 to 16 between the two groups. The identification ability at 8–12 weeks was higher than that at 12–16 weeks, and the AUCs were 0.734, 0.766, and 0.734, respectively (P < 0.05 for all).ConclusionsThe changes in BMD measured using quantitative computed tomography occurred later than those measured using bone trabecular morphometry. Texture analysis parameters based on DCE-MRI quantitative parameter Ktrans map are feasible to identify early changes in lumbar marrow structure in diabetic rabbits.

Improvement of Chronic Wound Healing by Pre-activated Bone Marrow Cells with Sodium Nitroprusside in Rabbits

Aim of study This study investigated whether pre-activated bone marrow cells with sodium nitro prusside have effectiveness in the inhibition of diabetic wound healing in diabetic rabbits. In diabetic skin disorders and conditions involved redox state disturbances. The aim was to determine the effect of two minimum dosages of sodium nitro prusside, and its’ potential with bone marrow cells for chronic wound healing in-vivo. Methods Full-thickness skin dorsal wounds were created on diabetic rabbits. The effects of two minimum concentrations of sodium nitro prusside solution with bone marrow cells on wound healing were studied. The useful combination of sodium nitro prusside with bone marrow cells on wound repair may be attributed to its functional influences on inflammation, angiogenesis, cell proliferation, matrix deposition, and remodeling. Results The in-vivo experiments confirmed that pre-activated bone marrow cells contributed to wound healing by alleviating oxidative stress, increasing proliferation and migration, decreasing apoptosis. In histological results, improved collagen deposition, enhanced re-epithelization, angiogenesis, and decreased inflammatory infiltration were also detected in wound biopsies. Conclusions For the treatment of chronic wounds, cell-based therapy was an attractive approach. Bone marrow cells have a low ability to differentiate various types of cells or late healing without pretreatment. So it was needed to increase their potency of differentiation. The transplantation of pretreated bone marrow cells with a prime quantity of sodium nitro prusside solution improved chronic wound healing with a greater level of growth factors and a minimum level of oxidative stress.

Antidiabetic, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Potential of Bioactive Peptides Extracted from the Germinated Seeds of Poncirus trifoliata

The seeds proteins are converted into the peptides during the germination through peptidases. These bioactive peptides are fractionated through the enzymes. The bioactive peptides are reported with the number of therapeutic effects like antioxidant, antibacterial, antidiabetic, anti-cancerous and antihypertensive etc. Synthetic drugs have number of adverse effects along with the therapeutic effects, but natural sources are safer and free from this problem. In the present research, Poncirus trifoliata seedling peptides extracts were used to determine antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities. The peptides extract showed substantial growth of inhibition against pathogenic strains including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis having the superior effect as compared to amoxicillin antibiotic as a standard drug. The IC50 value of P. trifoliata seeds peptides extract was 32.91 μg mL-1 as compared with standard (IC50) value 25.52 μg mL-1 of ascorbic acid showed good potential as antioxidant activity. The extracted germinated seeds peptides showed considerable antidiabetic activity in controlling the blood glucose level of alloxan induced diabetic rabbits to compare with standard drugs like glibenclamide. Thus, this study confirmed the antibacterial, antioxidant and antidiabetic effects of P. trifoliata seeds peptides is significantly higher as compared to pure drugs. Therefore, further complete separation and detailed investigation study is needed to isolate target peptides and revealed mechanism of action of bioactive peptides and formulation as a drug to replace the synthetics drugs with safe one. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

EFFECT OF HONEY ON BLOOD SUGAR LEVEL AND LIPIDS METABOLISM IN MALE RABBITS

The present work was done to investigate the ability of Yemeni Sider honey to ameliorate the level of blood sugar and lipid profile in rabbits. For this goal 36 rabbits were used, after adaptation period the animals were divided into 6 groups as follows: group 1 and 2 served as control, and other 4 groups were served as treatment groups. Metformin was used as comparison in alloxan –induced diabetic rabbits. After the end of experiment (day 27) our results showed stabilization of sugar level and lipid profile,cholesterol HDL, LDL and triglycerides. We concluded that the use of honey in addition to metformin is more effective and ability of this drug in dealing with the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats.