Pythium heterothallicum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Central America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Malus Pumila ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Spinacea Oleracea

Abstract A description is provided for Pythium heterothallicum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASES: Seedling damping-off. HOSTS: Sambucus sp. (Caprifoliaceae); Spinacea oleracea (Chenopodiaceae); Lens culinaris (Fabaceae); Pelargonium cv. (Geraniaceae); Triticum aestivum (Poaceae); Malus domestica[Malus pumila] (Rosaceae). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: Kenya. NORTH AMERICA: Canada, USA (Idaho, Washington). CENTRAL AMERICA: Costa Rica. AUSTRALASIA: New Zealand. EUROPE: Czech Republic, Germany, Great Britain, Netherlands, Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden. TRANSMISSION: Contaminated soil, organic matter (oospores) and water (sporangia).

Pythium sylvaticum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Spinacea Oleracea ◽  
Pythium Sylvaticum ◽  
British Colombia ◽  
Dioscorea Batatas

Abstract A description is provided for Pythium sylvaticum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASES: Seedling damping-off. HOSTS: Apium graveolens, Daucus carota (Apiaceae); Dieffenbachia sp. (Araceae); Lactuca sativa (Asteraceae); Brassica campestris subsp. pekinensis, B. oleracea (Brassicaceae); Beta vulgaris, Spinacea oleracea (Chenopodiaceae); Cucumis sativus (Cucurbitaceae); Chamaecyparis sp., Juniperus conferta (Cupressaceae); Dioscorea batatas (Dioscoreaceae); Rhododendron sp. (Ericaceae); Glycine max, Lens culinaris, Medicago sativa, Phaseolus vulgaris, Pisum sativum (Fabaceae); Pelargonium cv. (Geraniaceae); Allium cepa, Tulipa cv. (Liliaceae s.l.) Abies sp., Pinus thunbergii (Pinaceae); Hordeum vulgare, Triticum aestivum (Poaceae); Fragaria × ananassa, Malus domestica, Sorbus aria (Rosaceae); Capsicum annuum (Solanaceae); Valerianella locusta (Valerianaceae). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: Kenya, South Africa. NORTH AMERICA: Canada (British Colombia), USA (Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, New York, Tennessee, Washington, Wisconsin). CENTRAL AMERICA: Costa Rica. ASIA: Japan. AUSTRALASIA: New Zealand. EUROPE: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Great Britain, Ireland, Netherlands, Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden. TRANSMISSION: Contaminated soil, organic matter (oospores) and water (sporangia).

Pythium spinosum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract A description is provided for Pythium spinosum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASES: Seedling damping-off. HOSTS: Wide range of plant hosts. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: South Africa. NORTH AMERICA: Canada, USA (Florida, Hawaii, Iowa). SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina. ASIA: China (Zhejiang), India, Japan, Korea, Taiwan. AUSTRALASIA: Australia (Queensland), New Zealand. EUROPE: France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Netherlands. TRANSMISSION: Contaminated soil, organic matter (oospores) and water (sporangia).

Phellinus igniarius. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Pegler
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
North America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Airborne Spores ◽  
Phellinus Igniarius ◽  
Late Autumn

Abstract A description is provided for Phellinus igniarius. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Common on the trunks of Salix and Populus, also recorded on Acer, Arbutus, Arctostaphylos, Betula, Carpinus, Castanopsis, Cornus, Erythropheum, Fagus, Fraxinus, Juglans, Ostrya, Pericopsis, Prunus, Pyrus, Quercus, Rhamnus and Ulmus. DISEASE: White heart rot. Causing a destructive decay of the general delignifying type. The decayed area becomes soft and white, bounded by conspicuous dark zones or black lines with an irregularly concentric arrangement. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Eritrea, Madagascar, Zambia); Asia (Japan, U.S.S.R.); Europe (Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Netherlands, Norway, Rumania, Sweden); North America (Canada, U.S.A.); Central America (Nicaragua, Venezuela). TRANSMISSION: By airborne spores, which are continuously produced from early spring until late autumn when the temperature drops below 5°C (Riley, 1952). Spores remain viable for several months under field conditions (Iverson, 1968). Infection occurs mainly through branch wounds.

Trimmatostroma betulinum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Bogomolova
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Central America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Siliceous Rock

Abstract A description is provided for Trimmatostroma betulinum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Part of the natural symptomless community of fungi inhabiting the interior of living leaves and twigs of Betula spp., including B. pubescens; the fungus can also inhabit rock surfaces, causing deterioration of marble, quartz and limestone. HOSTS: Betula spp. (including B. nana, B. pendula and B. pubescens), on living or dead twigs, branches and occasionally leaves; Pinus sp. (including P. sylvestris), on litter cones and leaves; other plants, including Alnus sp., Quercus sp. (twig), Salix atrocinerea (twig); calcareous and siliceous rock (in particular, marble and quartz). The fungus has also been observed in association with Dothiorella inversa. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: CENTRAL AMERICA: Cuba. EUROPE: Germany, Great Britain, Norway, Russia (Leningrad), Switzerland, Ukraine. TRANSMISSION: By dissemination of air-borne conidia.

Leptosphaeria purpurea. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-yu Chen
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Host Tissue ◽  
Rain Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Leptosphaeria purpurea. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Although the fungus appears on dry stems of its hosts, which are mainly herbaceous, it is not known to cause any pathological symptoms. HOSTS: Artemisia, Betonica, Carduus, Cirsium, Cnicus, Clinopodium, Helianthus, Satureja and Senecio. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NORTH AMERICA: Canada (Quebec, Ontario), USA (New York). ASIA: Pakistan. EUROPE: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Slovak Republic, Sweden. TRANSMISSION: Conidia and ascospores are dispersed by wind and rain-splash; the fungus presumably overwinters on dead host tissue and the ascospores are dispersed in the next favourable season.

Lecanicillium lecanii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Zare
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
The Body ◽  
Green Coffee ◽  
Lecanicillium Lecanii ◽  
Coccus Viridis ◽  
Insect Family

Abstract A description is provided for Lecanicillium lecanii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Insect-pathogenic; the fungus penetrates the body of its hosts, sporulates and eventually kills them. HOSTS: Members of the homopteran insect family Coccidae, particularly the green coffee scale, Coccus viridis. Other hosts: Ceroplastes (Lo & CHAPMAN, 1998), Parthenolecanium (SAMŠINAKOVÀ & KALALOVÀ, 1975), Philephedra (PENA & MCMILLAN, 1986), Planococcus (GONZÀLEZ et al., 1995), Saissetia (MENDEL et al., 1984) and a black Aleyrodes (PETCH, 1925). Cephalosporium coccorum was recorded on Chionaspis and Lepidosaphes in England (PETCH, 1925). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Mainly tropical. NORTH AMERICA: USA. CENTRAL AMERICA: Cuba, Dominican Republic, Jamaica. SOUTH AMERICA: Ecuador (Galápagos Is), Peru. ASIA: China, India, Indonesia, Sri Lanka. AUSTRALASIA: New Zealand. EUROPE: Great Britain, Turkey. TRANSMISSION: Soil- and air-borne.

Phellinus pomaceus. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Pegler
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
North America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Geographical Distribution

Abstract A description is provided for Phellinus pomaceus. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Largely confined to trees belonging to the Rosaceae, chiefly on Prunus and rarely on Malus, Pyrus, Syringa. DISEASE: Heart rot of plum. Of a general delignifying type, with the wood becoming white and crumbling, bounded by a dark purplish-brown zone of incipient decay. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia (China, Japan, U.S.S.R.); Europe (Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Malta, Netherlands, Spain); North America (Canada, U.S.A.), Central America (Mexico). TRANSMISSION: By air-borne spores which may be discharged during the winter months from November onwards (22: 2). Spores may remain viable for 24 weeks and mycelium in wood blocks up to 31 yr. (Fisher, 1935).

Puccinia chrysanthemi. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Central America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Chrysanthemum Boreale ◽  
Fallen Leaves ◽  
Heavy Damage

Abstract A description is provided for Puccinia chrysanthemi. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Chrysanthemum boreale, C. decaisneanum, C. hortum, C. indicum, C. makinoi, C. pacificum, C. shimotomaii, C. shiwagiku, C. sinense and C. zawadskii. DISEASE: Black rust of cultivated chrysanthemum. Attacks mainly leaves, killing them and causing premature defoliation. Severe foliar infection in certain varieties is accompanied by slight infection of stems and occasionally of the involucre. Affected plants often become stunted and produce few flowers. Heavy damage was caused in Germany during 1926-27 (8: 242). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mauritius, Morocco, Rhodesia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda); Asia (China, India, Israel, Japan, Korea, U.S.S.R.); Australasia and Oceania (Australia, Hawaii, New Zealand, Tasmania); Europe (Azores, Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Holland, Iceland, Italy, Malta, N. Ireland, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, U.S.S.R., Yugoslavia); N. America (Bermuda, Canada, U.S.A.); Central America & W. Indies (Dominican Republic); S. America (Argentina, Chile, Uruguay). (CMI Map 117, Ed. 2, 1964). TRANSMISSION: Teliospores have been reported from Japan, N. America and Sweden; elsewhere the fungus is known in the uredial stage only. It has been shown that urediospores wintered in the open can germinate in the spring (Jacky, Z. Pfl.-Krankh. 10: 132, 1900; Zbl Bakt. II, 10: 369, 1903; 18: 88, 1907). It is believed that urediospores can remain viable through winter on woodwork, glass, fallen leaves or in the soil (Pape, Gartenwelt 32: 623, 1928). No perennial mycelium has been found (Gibson, New Phytol. 3: 188, 1904).

Setosphaeria rostrata. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. Anahosur
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Leaf Spots

Abstract A description is provided for Setosphaeria rostrata. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On graminicolous hosts and on Amaryllis, Carica, Cucumis, Jasminum, Nicotiana and from soil. DISEASE: Causes leaf spots, foot rot of wheat (56, 2446), seedling blight of Cynodon (46, 2051), leaf blight of Eleusine (46, 1263), damping-off of sugarcane seedlings (50, 1562l), stalk rot (53, 2167) and ear rot of maize, blackening of seeds and seed germination failure (34, 91; 51, 2435). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Mauritius, Nigeria, S. Africa, Sudan); Asia (China, India, Israel, Pakistan); Central America (Puerto Rico); Europe (Denmark); North America (USA). TRANSMISSION: The fungus is soil-borne and can survive saprophytically for a long period (43, 398). Also seed transmissible (51, 2435). Conidia are produced abundantly in moist conditions and are dispersed by wind and rain, and act as a source of primary infection. Many grasses and weeds act as collateral hosts (39, 321).

Phoma glomerata. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Morgan-Jones
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Fruit Spot

Abstract A description is provided for Phoma glomerata. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Vitis vinifera; also on Citrus, Coniferae, Lycopersicon esculentum, Malluspumila, Solanum tuberosum. DISEASE: Blight of vine flowers and grapes. Secondary invader causing rot of tomato, potato tubers and citrus. Causes leaf and fruit spot of apple and damping off of conifers. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Egypt, Malawi, Nigeria, South Africa, Sudan); Asia (India, Iraq); Australasia (Australia, New Zealand); Europe (Germany, Great Britain, Ireland, Italy Netherlands, Yugoslavia); N. America (Canada, United States). (Literature and Herb. IMI) TRANSMISSION: Seed and soil borne. Also survival on glumes, fruit and plant debris. Dissemination by rain.

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