Cinchona pubescens (quinine tree).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Clements
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
South America ◽  
New World ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Botanical Gardens ◽  
Andean South America ◽  
Cinchona Pubescens ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract C. pubescens is a source of the drug quinine, used to control the effects of malaria, and Cinchona bark was being used in Europe as a treatment for malaria as early as the 1650s, before the plant was authenticated botanically (Raintree, 2003). The Jesuits had introduced it from the New World, hence the name Jesuit's bark or powder (Prendergast and Dolley, 2001). The bark was collected in its native Andean range and probably comprised a mixture of species including C. pubescens. The native range of C. pubescens extends from Andean South America in Bolivia north to Costa Rica. It was widely distributed throughout the tropics as a source of quinine, particularly by the British during the latter half of the 1800s (Moureau, 1945) and is probably still held in many tropical botanical gardens worldwide for its medicinal interest.

scholarly journals Tagalis inornata cubensis McAtee & Malloch (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Saicinae): First record from the continental United States

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1912 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT L. BLINN
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
New World ◽  
First Record ◽  
British Guiana ◽  
The Tropics

The New World genus Tagalis Stål is widely distributed in the tropics, being known from only three species: T. seminigra Champion from British Guiana, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela; T. inornata Stål from Brazil, Costa Rica, Cuba, Guatamala, Granada, Mexico, Panama, and Peru; and T. femorata Melo from Peru. McAtee & Malloch (1923) provided a key to the species known at the time separating T. inornata Stål into two subspecies, the nominate subspecies and T. inornata cubensis, from Cuba. Maldonado (1986) recorded T. inornata cubensis from Puerto Rico. More recently Melo (2008) described T. femorata and provided a key to the three species.

Review of the Hemiosus Sharp and Derallus Sharp of North America, Central America, and the Caribbean (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Berosini)

Zootaxa ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1369 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREW EDWARD Z. SHORT ◽  
PHILLIP J. TORRES
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
New World ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
The Caribbean

Species of the New World genera Hemiosus Sharp and Derallus Sharp that occur outside continental South America are reviewed; three and five species are recorded respectively. Hemiosus selva Short, sp. n. is described from Costa Rica. Hemiosus toxillus d’Orchymont is a junior synonym of H. exilis (LeConte). A key to the genera of Berosini and the species of Derallus and Hemiosus occurring outside South America is presented with diagnostic features illustrated. New locality records are provided for all species.

A revision of Epimetopus Lacordaire, the New World hooded shore beetles (Coleoptera: Epimetopidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3531 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHILIP D. PERKINS
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
South America ◽  
National Park ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
New World ◽  
Panama Canal ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Canal Zone ◽  
Madre De Dios ◽  
Panama Canal Zone

The New World genus Epimetopus Lacordaire, 1854, is revised, based on the examination and databasing of 2,470specimens. New collection records are provided for 15 previously described species, and 36 new species aredescribed. The Epimetopus fauna now comprises 56 species, of which 37 are restricted to South America, 17 are onlyfound north of South America, and only two species are known from both areas. Epimetopus ranges from Argentinato Arizona and Arkansas, but there are no records from the Amazon basin. The genus is divided into seven speciesgroups, five of which are newly delineated. High resolution digital images of all primary types are presented (onlineversions in color), geographic distributions of all species are mapped, and male genitalia of primary types areillustrated. The morphology of the underside of the pronotal hood is described and illustrated for the first time. Onenew synonomy is proposed, placing E. leechi Rocha as a junior synonym of E. balfourbrownei Rocha. New speciesof Epimetopus are: E. acuminatus (Guatemala: El Progresso, km. 69 on C. A. 9); E. angustus (Ecuador: Napo, Tena);E. arcuatus (Paraguay: Dep. Concepcion, Arroyo Toro Paso, Unterlauf ); E. arizonicus (USA: Arizona, Pajarito Mts.,Sycamore Canyon); E. ballatoris (Venezuela: Tachira State, El Tama National Park); E. bifidus (Mexico: Oaxaca,Tapanatepec, 8 mi. W Oaxaca); E. clandestinus (Brazil: Mato Grosso, Caceres); E. clypeatus (Guyana: Region 8,Iwokrama Forest, 1 km W Kurupukan); E. coleuncus (Argentina: Tucuman, Departamento de Burruyacu, Rio Salas);E. deceptus (Brazil: Mato Grosso, Caceres); E. ecuadorensis (Ecuador: Napo, 17 km SW Tena); E. fimbriatus (Brazil:Mato Grosso, São Felix); E. inaequalis (Ecuador: Napo, Tena); E. lanceolatulus (Brazil: Mato Grosso, Caceres); E.lanceolatus (Brazil: Mato Grosso, Caceres); E. latilobus (Costa Rica: Puntarenas, Monteverde area); E. latisoides(Panama: Canal Zone, 12.0 mi NW Gamboa); E. latus (Colombia: Cesar, Pueblo Bello, Sierra de Santa Marta); E.lobilatus (Costa Rica: Limon, Reventazon, Hamburg Farm); E. microporus (Panama: Panama Province, Rio Mamoniat PanAm Hwy); E. mucronatus (Honduras: Rio Humuya NW Comayagua); E. multiportus (Uruguay: 90 km SWArtigas); E. oaxacus (Mexico: Oaxaca, Tapanatepec, 8 mi. W Oaxaca); E. peruvianus (Peru: Ayacucho, La Mar, SantaRosa); E. plicatus (Venezuela: Tachira State, El Tama National Park); E. rectus (Costa Rica: Heredia, OTS La SelvaField Sta., Puerto Viejo de Sarapique, Rio Puerto Viejo); E. robustus (Panama: Canal Zone, 4.1 mi NW Gamboa, RioFrijoles); E. spatulus (Peru: Madre de Dios, Pantiacolla Lodge, Monk Saki Trail, Alto Madre de Dios River); E.steineri (Ecuador: Napo, Tena); surinamensis (Suriname: Sipaliwini District, Camp 3, Wehepai); E. transversoides(Peru: Madre de Dios, Pantiacolla Lodge, Monk Saki Trail, Alto Madre de Dios River); E. transversus (Bolivia: LaPaz, Alcoche); E. tridens (Brazil: Sao Paulo, Campos do Jordão, Parque do Estado Rio Galharada); E. trilobus(Venezuela: Bolivar, Los Pijiguaos); E. venezuelensis (Venezuela: Apure State, ca. 1 km N. Rio Claro); E. vulpinus (Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul, Pelotas).

New details of the male terminalia of Diathoneura longipennis (Malloch, 1926) (Diptera, Drosophilidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Carlos R. Vilela ◽  
Gerhard Bächli
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
South America ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
First Record ◽  
Type Locality

The male terminalia of a non-type Diathoneura longipennis (Malloch 1926) specimen,collected in Peru, were dissected and analyzed. The aedeagus and associated sclerites were found tohave been fixed at a late stage of protrusion, resulting in a different morphology, when compared to thetwo previous publications, which were fixed at earlier stages. Consequently, additional details of certainanatomical parts were observed and a better understanding of the aedeagus protruding process was attained.Diathoneura longipennis has been previously identified in San Mateo, Alajuela, Costa Rica (type locality)and Panama, and this specimen represents the first record of this species in South America.

The New World fauna of the genus Pseudonapomyza (Diptera: Agromyzidae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 136 (6) ◽  
pp. 781-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Boucher
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
New World ◽  
World Species ◽  
First Time ◽  
World Fauna ◽  
Nearctic Region

AbstractThe New World species of Pseudonapomyza Hendel are reviewed. Only two species of the genus were previously known to occur in the Nearctic region: P. atra (Meigen) and P. lacteipennis (Malloch). Pseudonapomyza europaea Spencer and P. asiatica Spencer are here recorded for the first time in the Nearctic region and P. asiatica is recorded for the first time in Costa Rica and Venezuela. A key is provided to identify the four known New World species of Pseudonapomyza.

The milliped family Platyrhacidae (Polydesmida: Leptodesmidea) in the West Indies: Proposal of Hoffmanorhacus n. gen.; description and illustrations of males of Proaspis aitia Loomis, 1941; redescription of Nannorrhacus luciae (Pocock, 1894); hypotheses on origins and affinities; and an updated New World familial distribution

Zootaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3626 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROWLAND M. SHELLEY ◽  
DANIELA MARTINEZ-TORRES
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
West Indies ◽  
New World ◽  
The West ◽  
Insular Populations

In the New World, the milliped family Platyrhacidae (Polydesmida) is known or projected for Central Americasouth of southeastern Nicaraguaand the northern ¼ of South America, with disjunct, insular populations on Hispaniola(Haiti), Guadeloupe(Basse-Terre), and St. Lucia. Male near-topotypes enable redescription of Proaspis aitia Loomis, 1941, possibly endemic to the western end of the southern Haitian peninsula. The tibiotarsus of its biramous gonopodal telopodite bends strongly laterad, and the medially directed solenomere arises at midlength proximal to the bend. With a uniramous telopodite, P. sahlii Jeekel, 1980, on Guadeloupe, is not congeneric, and Hoffmanorhacus, n. gen., is erected to accommodate it. Nannorrhacus luciae (Pocock, 1894), onSt. Lucia, is redescribed; also with a biramous telopodite, its tibiotarsus arises distad and diverges from the coaxial solenomere. The Antillean species do not comprise a clade and are only distantly related; rather than introductions, they plausibly reflect ancestral occurrences on the “proto-Antillean” terrain before it rifted from “proto-SouthAmerica” in the Cretaceous/Paleocene, with fragmentation isolating modern forms on their present islands. Existing platyrhacid tribes are formally elevated to subfamilies as this category was omitted from recent taxonomies. Without unequivocal evidence to the contrary, geographically anomalous species should initially be regarded as indigenous rather than anthropochoric.

Xanthomonas gardneri. [Distribution map].

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Xanthomonas gardneri (ex Sutic) Jones et al. Gammaproteobacteria: Xanthomonadales: Xanthomonadaceae. Hosts: tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and pepper (Capsicum annuum). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Bulgaria and Russia), Asia (Malaysia), Africa (Ethiopia and Reunion), North America (Canada, British Columbia, Ontario, USA, Michigan, Ohio and Pennsylvania), Central America and Caribbean (Costa Rica) and South America (Brazil, Espirito Santo, Goias, Minas Gerais, Parana, Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina).

Mycena citricolor. [Distribution map].

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Central America ◽  
West Indies ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Mycena citricolor (Berk. & Curt.) Sacc. Hosts: Coffee (Coffea spp.) and others. Information is given on the geographical distribution in NORTH AMERICA, Mexico, USA (Florida), CENTRAL AMERICA & WEST INDIES, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martiniq, caragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, Salvador, Trinidad, SOUTH AMERICA, Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, French, Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Surinam, Venezuela.

Typophorus nigritus. [Distribution map].

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Typophorus nigritus (Fabricius) Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Eumolpinae. Attacks sweet-potato. Information is given on the geographical distribution in CENTRAL AMERICA and CARIBBEAN, Costa Rica, Cuba, Grenada, Grenadine Islands, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, St. Vincent, Trinidad, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Equador, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela.

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