scholarly journals Heliotropium curassavicum (salt heliotrope).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Nile Delta ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Successional Pathways ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Root Buds ◽  
Arid And Semiarid

Abstract Heliotropium curassavicum is an aggressive weed that rapidly colonizes new areas, in particular on disturbed saline soils and coastal areas in arid and semiarid habitats. It forms dense monospecific stands that displace native vegetation and alter successional pathways. A combination of traits, such as high seed germination and seedling establishment rates in open areas, along with its ability to shift between sexual reproduction to clonal growth (i.e., adventitious root buds) are responsible for the invasiveness and rapid spread of H. curassavicum. H. curassavicum has become one of the most common weeds in the Mediterranean Basin and the Nile Delta, where it is regarded as a serious ecological and agricultural problem, but it is also listed as invasive in countries across Europe, the Arabian Peninsula, Africa and in Anguilla in the Lesser Antilles.

Candidatus phytoplasma phoenicium.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Quaglino
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Insect Vectors ◽  
Aetiological Agent ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Almond Trees ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

Abstract Phytoplasmas are wall-less parasitic bacteria living exclusively in plant phloem as consequence of transmission by sap-sucking insect vectors (Lee et al., 2000); they have been associated with several hundred plant diseases. 'Candidatus Phytoplasma phoenicium' (CaPphoe), subgroup 16SrIX-B, is the aetiological agent of almond witches'-broom (AlmWB), a severe disease affecting almond, peach and nectarine trees in Lebanon and Iran. The first epidemics of AlmWB occurred in almond trees in Lebanon in the early 1990s and in Iran in 1995. In Lebanon, the disease rapidly spread from coastal to high mountainous areas, killing almost 150,000 trees over a period of 15 years. CaPphoe was first added to the EPPO Alert List in 2001 and removed from the list in 2006. The more recent rapid spread of CaPphoe in peach and nectarine orchards and in other plant hosts, along with the identification of efficient insect vectors, increased the alarm about the risk it poses for stone fruit production in the Middle East and in all the countries of the Mediterranean basin. Thus it was re-inserted in the EPPO Alert List in 2015.

Melinis maroccana (Melinidinae, Paniceae, Poaceae), a new combination for the Moroccan flora, and comments on related taxa

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 433 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-80
Author(s):  
MANUEL B. CRESPO ◽  
Mª ÁNGELES ALONSO ◽  
MARIO MARTÍNEZ-AZORÍN
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
Cape Verde ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Tropical Africa ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

In the framework of a revision of the Iberian Paniceae Brown (1814: 582) for the Flora iberica project, we came across the aggregate of the “Natal grass”, Melinis repens (Willdenow 1797: 322) Zizka (1988: 55), a group of annual to short-lived perennial grasses being native and widely distributed in Tropical Africa, Arabian Peninsula, India, Cape Verde, and the Canary Islands. Only M. repens s.str. is currently naturalised in the Mediterranean basin, America, Australia, southeastern Asia and the Pacific Islands, where it was mostly introduced for ornamental use, forage or stabilization and cover on disturbed sites, and has become an invasive alien species (Kaufman 2012).

Geochemistry of saline soils in two arid zones of the Mediterranean basin. I. geochemistry of the chott melghir‐mehrouane watershed in Algeria

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Valles ◽  
Messaouda Rezagui ◽  
Luis Auque ◽  
Ammar Semadi ◽  
Lucien Roger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Arid Zones ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

A review of current range expansion of Cacyreus marshalli Butler, 1898 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae, Polyommatinae) in western Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
Onat Başbay ◽  
Eddie John
Keyword(s):  
Range Expansion ◽  
Present Status ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Mediterranean Coast ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Western Turkey ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Papilio Demoleus ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

In recent decades Cacyreus marshalli, an introduced alien lycaenid, has attracted attention due to its rapid spread throughout much of the Mediterranean and into mainland Europe. C.marshalli and more recently Papilio demoleus are invasive butterfly species actively expanding their ranges in the Mediterranean basin in recent years. In 2018, the authors participated in a paper describing the range expansion of C. marshalli in Greece and Turkey, since when the species has established a significant presence in İstanbul, in contrast to our expectations of eastward dispersal along the Mediterranean coast of Turkey. Here, we discuss the present status of C. marshalli in Turkey and consider the direction of possible future range extension.

scholarly journals Candidatus Phytoplasma phoenicium.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Quaglino
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Insect Vectors ◽  
Aetiological Agent ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Almond Trees ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

Abstract Phytoplasmas are wall-less parasitic bacteria living exclusively in plant phloem as consequence of transmission by sap-sucking insect vectors (Lee et al., 2000); they have been associated with several hundred plant diseases. 'Candidatus Phytoplasma phoenicium' (CaPphoe), subgroup 16SrIX-B, is the aetiological agent of almond witches'-broom (AlmWB), a severe disease affecting almond, peach and nectarine trees in Lebanon and Iran. The first epidemics of AlmWB occurred in almond trees in Lebanon in the early 1990s and in Iran in 1995. In Lebanon, the disease rapidly spread from coastal to high mountainous areas, killing almost 150,000 trees over a period of 15 years. CaPphoe was first added to the EPPO Alert List in 2001 and removed from the list in 2006. The more recent rapid spread of CaPphoe in peach and nectarine orchards and in other plant hosts, along with the identification of efficient insect vectors, increased the alarm about the risk it poses for stone fruit production in the Middle East and in all the countries of the Mediterranean basin. Thus it was re-inserted in the EPPO Alert List in 2015.

scholarly journals 15-year variability of desert dust optical depth on global and regional scales

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 16499-16529
Author(s):  
Stavros-Andreas Logothetis ◽  
Vasileios Salamalikis ◽  
Antonis Gkikas ◽  
Stelios Kazadzis ◽  
Vassilis Amiridis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Depth ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Gobi Desert ◽  
Seasonal Trends ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Bodele Depression ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

Abstract. This study aims to investigate global, regional and seasonal temporal dust changes as well as the effect of dust particles on total aerosol loading using the ModIs Dust AeroSol (MIDAS) fine-resolution dataset. MIDAS delivers dust optical depth (DOD) at fine spatial resolution (0.1∘×0.1∘) spanning from 2003 to 2017. Within this study period, the dust burden increased across the central Sahara (up to 0.023 yr−1) and Arabian Peninsula (up to 0.024 yr−1). Both regions observed their highest seasonal trends in summer (up to 0.031 yr−1). On the other hand, declining DOD trends are encountered in the western (down to −0.015 yr−1) and eastern (down to −0.023 yr−1) Sahara, the Bodélé Depression (down to −0.021 yr−1), the Thar (down to −0.017 yr−1) and Gobi (down to −0.011 yr−1) deserts, and the Mediterranean Basin (down to −0.009 yr−1). In spring, the most negative seasonal trends are recorded in the Bodélé Depression (down to −0.038 yr−1) and Gobi Desert (down to −0.023 yr−1), whereas they are in the western (down to −0.028 yr−1) and the eastern Sahara (down to −0.020 yr−1) and the Thar Desert (down to −0.047 yr−1) in summer. Over the western and eastern sector of the Mediterranean Basin, the most negative seasonal trends are computed at summer (down to −0.010 yr−1) and spring (down to −0.006 yr−1), respectively. The effect of DOD on the total aerosol optical depth (AOD) change is determined by calculating the DOD-to-AOD trend ratio. Over the Sahara the median ratio values range from 0.83 to 0.95, whereas in other dust-affected areas (Arabian Peninsula, southern Mediterranean, Thar and Gobi deserts) the ratio value is approximately 0.6. In addition, a comprehensive analysis of the factors affecting the sign, the magnitude and the statistical significance of the calculated trends is conducted. Firstly, the implications of the implementation of the geometric mean instead of the arithmetic mean for trend calculations are discussed, revealing that the arithmetic-based trends tend to overestimate compared to the geometric-based trends over both land and ocean. Secondly, an analysis interpreting the differences in trend calculations under different spatial resolutions (fine and coarse) and time intervals is conducted.

Piracy and Law in the Ottoman Mediterranean

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua M. White
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Comprehensive Examination ◽  
Legal Space ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
First Time ◽  
Eastern Half ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

This book offers a comprehensive examination of the shape and impact of piracy in the eastern half of the Mediterranean and the Ottoman Empire’s administrative, legal, and diplomatic response. In the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, piracy had a tremendous effect on the formation of international law, the conduct of diplomacy, the articulation of Ottoman imperial and Islamic law, and their application in Ottoman courts. Piracy and Law draws on research in archives and libraries in Istanbul, Venice, Crete, London, and Paris to bring the Ottoman state and Ottoman victims into the story for the first time. It explains why piracy exploded after the 1570s and why the Ottoman state was largely unable to marshal an effective military solution even as it responded dynamically in the spheres of law and diplomacy. By focusing on the Ottoman victims, jurists, and officials who had to contend most with the consequences of piracy, Piracy and Law reveals a broader range of piratical practitioners than the Muslim and Catholic corsairs who have typically been the focus of study and considers their consequences for the Ottoman state and those who traveled through Ottoman waters. This book argues that what made the eastern half of the Mediterranean basin the Ottoman Mediterranean, more than sovereignty or naval supremacy—which was ephemeral—was that it was a legal space. The challenge of piracy helped to define its contours.

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