scholarly journals Tripsacum dactyloides (eastern gamagrass).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Range ◽  
First Year ◽  
Forest Edges ◽  
Tripsacum Dactyloides ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Eastern Gamagrass ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Open Forests

Abstract Tripsacum dactyloides is cultivated as a forage crop in areas within and outside its native distribution range. The species establishes slowly and competes poorly with annual grasses and weeds during its first year of establishment, but after that, it competes effectively with most perennial and broadleaf plants. Currently, T. dactyloides is listed as invasive only in Cuba. However, this species is often reported to be growing as a 'weed' in ruderal areas, forest edges, and disturbed and open forests in areas within and outside its native distribution range.

Neotypification of the Linnaean name Iris aphylla (Iridaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 273 (2) ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
EUGENY V. BOLTENKOV
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
European Russia ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Forest Edges ◽  
Variable Species ◽  
Open Forests

Iris aphylla Linnaeus (1753: 38) (Iridaceae) is a highly variable species from the morphological point of view, especially in the height of stem, stem branching, size of leaves, and color of flowers. Moreover, it can be found in different habitats. In the Middle-Russian Upland, this plant is mostly associated with meadow steppes on slopes and, rarely, with edges of shrub thickets; also occurs along forest edges and in open forests, where blooming plants are rare (Kazakova et al. 2015). It is native to Central, Eastern, and some parts of Western Europe. The species is widespread in the Ukraine and mainly in the south of middle European Russia, while in the European countries its populations are sparser. Iris aphylla is of autotetraploid origin (Mitra 1956); plants with the chromosome number 2n = 48 are found more frequently in Europe (Wróblewska et al. 2010). Its numerous synonyms, including four subspecies, indicate the variability of this species. The genetic data confirm the conclusion that the subspecies of I. aphylla should be regarded as a single species (Wróblewska et al. 2010). According to my best knowledge (see also Jarvis 2007) the name I. aphylla is still lacking typification.

Evaluation of Herbicides in No-tillage Production of Burley Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)

Weed Science ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 511-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.E. Chappell ◽  
L.A. Link
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
First Year ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Burley Tobacco ◽  
Adequate Control ◽  
Annual Grasses

Burley tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. ‘Kentucky 14′) was grown as a no-tillage crop in 1974 and 1975 by planting tobacco directly into an existing stand of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) or rye (Secale cereale L.). Paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′bipyridium ion) and glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] were used to kill existing vegetation. Benefin (N-butyl-N-ethyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-p-toluidine), oryzalin (3,5-dinitro-N4,N4-dipropylsulfaniiamide), metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazin-5(4H)one], and chlorbromuron [3-(4-bromo-3-chlorophenyl), 1-methoxy-1-methylurea] were used to control annual grasses and broadleaf weeds.Glyphosate was generally more effective than paraquat in killing existing vegetation. There was some injury to the tobacco associated with the glyphosate and paraquat treatments, but this was generally confined to those plants which came into contact with the treated herbage. Metribuzin caused severe damage to the tobacco and was discontinued after the first year. Chlorbromuron caused little injury if kept on the surface but injured the tobacco if incorporated by cultivation as in conventional tillage. Benefin and oryzalin caused little or no injury to the tobacco. All four herbicides gave adequate control of annual grasses and broadleaf weeds.

Tripsacum dactyloides (Eastern gamagrass)

2019 ◽  
pp. 2583-2583
Author(s):  
K. Subramanya Sastry ◽  
Bikash Mandal ◽  
John Hammond ◽  
S. W. Scott ◽  
R. W. Briddon
Keyword(s):  
Tripsacum Dactyloides ◽  
Eastern Gamagrass

Seedling Emergence of Winter Annual Grasses as Affected by Limited Tillage and Crop Canopy

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
First Year ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Crop Canopy ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
Jointed Goatgrass ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Tillage Operation

Jointed goatgrass and downy brome continue to plague winter wheat producers in the western United States. Because there are no effective herbicides for in-crop control of these weeds, producers are seeking cultural practices that stimulate seed germination and deplete the soil seed bank. We determined the effect of limited tillage and crop canopy on seedling emergence of these grasses. One tillage operation with a sweep plow increased jointed goatgrass seedling emergence 74% in the first year but did not affect emergence in later years. Downy brome emergence was not affected by tillage. Jointed goatgrass seedlings emerged over 5 yr, whereas downy brome did not emerge after 3 yr. Seedling emergence of both species was two times greater in corn and barley than in proso millet. Producers will accrue more benefit for seedbank management with cultural strategies such as alternative rotations and competitive wheat canopies than with limited tillage using a sweep plow.

Co-segregation of the gynomonoecious sex form1 gene (gsf1) of Tripsacum dactyloides (Poaceae) with molecular markers

Genome ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 809-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Blakey ◽  
C. L. Dewald ◽  
E. H. Coe
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Tripsacum Dactyloides ◽  
Eastern Gamagrass ◽  
Polymorphism Data ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Form Variant ◽  
Linkage Relationships

The only monogenic trait in Tripsacum to date was first identified in the prolific sex form variant Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L. forma prolificum Dayton et Dewald. The expression of this trait is controlled by the presence of a single-gene, recessive pistillate mutation hereby designated the gynomonoecious sex form1 gene (gsf1), after the registered plant germplasm accession GSF-I (PI483447) from which it was first identified. This trait confers a high degree of feminization to the primarily male floral structure of the Tripsacum rachis. Two molecular markers were found to co-segregate with the gsf1 gene in a diploid (2n = 36) F2 population of Tripsacum dactyloides, where the female parent (GSF-I) had been previously determined to be homozygous recessive for the gene. Phenotypic scoring data were compared with restriction fragment length polymorphism data and linkage relationships were determined. The gsf1 gene is located ~7 cM from tda48, a Tripsacum-derived molecular marker, and ~9 cM from npi286, a maize-derived molecular marker. The marker npi286 also maps within ~5 cM of the tassel seed2 locus (ts2) of maize, which confers a similar change in the inflorescence of the maize tassel.Key words: Tripsacum, gsf1, Eastern gamagrass, ts2, maize.

Genome accumulation in eastern gamagrass, Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L. (Poaceae)

Genetica ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan Kindiger ◽  
Chet Dewald
Keyword(s):  
Tripsacum Dactyloides ◽  
Eastern Gamagrass

Prospects for Improving Mediterranean Grasslands in Lebanon through Seeding, Fertilization and Protection from Grazing

1992 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed E. Osman ◽  
Phil S. Cocks
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
First Year ◽  
Legume Seeds ◽  
Natural Grasslands ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Medicago Rigidula ◽  
Exotic Legumes

SUMMARYGrassland productivity was studied for four years near Terbol, Lebanon. In the first year pasture availability and plant numbers were monitored along transects, and in the following three years the effects of sowing four Mediterranean annual legumes (three cultivars of subterranean clover and a local ecotype of Medicago rigidula) and top-dressing with super-phosphate were studied. The results indicated that natural grasslands were dominated by annual grasses (Aegilops, Hordeum, Bromur, Lolium and Poa). Legume density was low, which resulted in poor legume productivity, especially in winter. Exotic legumes only resulted in a slight improvement in pasture productivity even when phosphate fertilizer was added. However, partial protection from grazing (for one or two months in late winter and spring) more than doubled the number of legume seeds in the seed bank compared with full protection and open grazing. The build up of seeds in the soil is an essential step towards the improvement of productivity in these degraded pastures, which form a large part of the land surface in Lebanon and on which small ruminant production largely depends.

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