Alexithymia, rash impulsiveness, and reward sensitivity in relation to symptoms of exercise dependence in physically active young adults

The purposes of this study were to determine whether moderately physically active (MPA) and highly physically active (HPA) male (n = 96, age = 22.5 ± 1.7 years) and female (n = 85, age = 21.3 ± 1.6 years) young adults differed in their anthropometric obesity indices (AOIs), body fat percentage (BF%), and muscular strength, and also to examine the associations between physical activity level (PAL) and the abovementioned variables. Participants were measured for body height and weight, BF%, waist and hip circumferences, and maximal isometric grip strength. According to their PAL, estimated by the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, they were assigned to MPA and HPA subgroups. Regardless of gender, results indicated that participants in the MPA groups had significantly higher values of body weight, waist and hip circumference, BF%, and BMI than participants in the HPA groups. No significant differences were found between physical activity groups in terms of grip strength. The AOIs and BF% were found to be significantly and negatively correlated with the PAL in both genders. In conclusion, the findings of the study suggest that high habitual physical activity is associated with lower adiposity markers. However, the differences in the hand grip strength of the contrasting activity groups were negligible.

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Exploration of Alcohol Consumption Behaviours and Health-Related Influencing Factors of Young Adults in the UK

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17176282 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (17) ◽

pp. 6282

Author(s):

Sunbal Naureen Bhatti ◽

Lampson M. Fan ◽

Adam Collins ◽

Jian-Mei Li

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

P Value ◽

Physically Active ◽

Alcohol Interventions ◽

Hazardous Alcohol ◽

Health Related ◽

Hazardous Alcohol Consumption ◽

The Uk

Hazardous alcohol consumption is ranked above illicit drug use with regards to health deterioration and social and economic burden. This study sought to clarify the factors influencing alcohol consumption and its prevalence in young adults. Demographics, alcohol consumption and lifestyle information were gathered via anonymous questionnaires during 2011–2019, crossing Reading, Surrey and Farnborough universities, UK. Controlling for confounders, a multinomial logistic regression was performed using SAS® 9.4 software. A total of 1440 students (43.5% males, 56.5% females; 54.4% Caucasians) with a mean (SD) age of 19.9 (2.73) were included. Among them, 68.9% consumed alcohol frequently and 31.7% had ≥12 units/week. Statistical analysis revealed that males consumed twice more alcohol than females, odds ratio (OR) 1.67 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.34–2.09), p-value < 0.01. Caucasians consumed up to five times more alcohol than other ethnicities, OR 4.55 (3.57–5.56), p-value < 0.01. Smokers consumed three times more alcohol than non-smokers, OR 2.69 (1.82, 3.99), p-value < 0.01. In general, the levels of alcohol consumption were positively associated with the levels of physical activity, OR 2.00 (1.17–3.42), p-value < 0.05 and negatively associated with recreational sedentary screen-time activities in males, OR 0.31 (0.12–0.86), p-value = 0.03. Focusing alcohol interventions toward Caucasians, smokers and physically active students, particularly males, may guide university strategies to reduce alcohol-related societal harm and risks of morbidity and mortality.

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Effects of Self-Selected Step Length and Trunk Position on Joint Kinetics in Highly Physically Fit Older Adults

Journal of Applied Biomechanics ◽

10.1123/jab.2019-0092 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 156-162

Author(s):

Rebecca L. Krupenevich ◽

Ross H. Miller

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Young Adults ◽

Step Length ◽

Physically Active ◽

Joint Kinetics ◽

Highly Active ◽

Age Related ◽

Starting Point ◽

Trunk Posture ◽

Trunk Position

The causes of age-related differences in lower-extremity joint moments and powers are unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of highly physically active older adults walking with (1) a step length similar to young adults and (2) an upright trunk posture, on hip and ankle joint kinetics. The authors hypothesized that, compared with their self-selected walking mechanics, older adults would exhibit decreased hip kinetics and increased ankle kinetics when prescribed a young adult step length, and would exhibit decreased hip extension moments when maintaining an upright trunk posture during walking. A total of 12 active older adults (67 [5] y) and 13 active young adults (21 [3] y) walked at 1.3 m/s. The older adults also walked at 1.3 m/s with step lengths prescribed from height-matched young adults and, in a separate condition, walked with an upright trunk. The older adults did not display larger ankle kinetics or smaller hip kinetics in either condition compared to walking with a self-selected step length. These findings indicate that step length and trunk position do not primarily contribute to age-related differences in kinetics in highly active older adults and should serve as a starting point for investigating alternative explanations.

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Effects of Creatine Supplementation during Resistance Training Sessions in Physically Active Young Adults

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12061880 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 1880

Author(s):

Scotty Mills ◽

Darren G. Candow ◽

Scott C. Forbes ◽

J. Patrick Neary ◽

Michael J. Ormsbee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Vertical Jump ◽

Training Session ◽

Creatine Supplementation ◽

Muscle Thickness ◽

Training Set ◽

Physically Active ◽

Leg Press ◽

Total Body

The purpose was to examine the effects of creatine supplementation during resistance training sessions on skeletal muscle mass and exercise performance in physically active young adults. Twenty-two participants were randomized to supplement with creatine (CR: n = 13, 26 ± 4 yrs; 0.0055 g·kg−1 post training set) or placebo (PLA: n = 9, 26 ± 5 yrs; 0.0055 g·kg−1 post training set) during six weeks of resistance training (18 sets per training session; five days per week). Prior to and following training and supplementation, measurements were made for muscle thickness (elbow and knee flexors/extensors, ankle plantarflexors), power (vertical jump and medicine ball throw), strength (leg press and chest press one-repetition maximum (1-RM)) and muscular endurance (one set of repetitions to volitional fatigue using 50% baseline 1-RM for leg press and chest press). The creatine group experienced a significant increase (p < 0.05) in leg press, chest press and total body strength and leg press endurance with no significant changes in the PLA group. Both groups improved total body endurance over time (p < 0.05), with greater gains observed in the creatine group. In conclusion, creatine ingestion during resistance training sessions is a viable strategy for improving muscle strength and some indices of muscle endurance in physically active young adults.

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Physical activity in young adults with autism spectrum disorder: Parental perceptions of barriers and facilitators

Autism ◽

10.1177/1362361318810221 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (6) ◽

pp. 1398-1407 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Chad Nichols ◽

Martin E Block ◽

Jason C Bishop ◽

Brandon McIntire

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽

Young Adults ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Spectrum Disorder ◽

Barriers And Facilitators ◽

Adults With Autism ◽

Physically Active ◽

Persons With Disabilities ◽

Education Act

The importance of physical activity in persons with disabilities is well known, yet the prevalence of inactivity remains high. The physical activity behaviors among adults on the autism spectrum are largely unexplored. It is presumed that sedentary behavior and obesity are a greater health issue among young adults on the autism spectrum who no longer receive Individuals with Disabilities Education Act services and supports such as school-based physical education. Using a phenomenology approach, the parents of eight young adults on the autism spectrum were interviewed about their perceptions of the barriers and facilitators to getting their young adults on the autism spectrum physically active. The purpose of this study was to investigate parent’s perspective of physical activity barriers and facilitators of their adult children on the autism spectrum. Common themes of both physical activity barriers and facilitators included parents, behaviors associated with autism spectrum disorder, and access and opportunities.

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Functional and Morphological Adaptations to Aging in Knee Extensor Muscles of Physically Active Men

Journal of Applied Biomechanics ◽

10.1123/jab.29.5.535 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

pp. 535-542 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Bruno Manfredini Baroni ◽

Jeam Marcel Geremia ◽

Rodrigo Rodrigues ◽

Marcelo Krás Borges ◽

Azim Jinha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Vastus Lateralis ◽

Knee Extensor ◽

Elderly Group ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Active Lifestyle ◽

Physically Active ◽

Extensor Muscles ◽

Systematic Training ◽

Knee Extensor Muscles

It is not known if a physically active lifestyle, without systematic training, is sufficient to combat age-related muscle and strength loss. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate if the maintenance of a physically active lifestyle prevents muscle impairments due to aging. To address this issue, we evaluated 33 healthy men with similar physical activity levels (IPAQ = 2) across a large range of ages. Functional (torque-angle and torque-velocity relations) and morphological (vastus lateralis muscle architecture) properties of the knee extensor muscles were assessed and compared between three age groups: young adults (30 ± 6 y), middle-aged subjects (50 ± 7 y) and elderly subjects (69 ± 5 y). Isometric peak torques were significantly lower (30% to 36%) in elderly group subjects compared with the young adults. Concentric peak torques were significantly lower in the middle aged (18% to 32%) and elderly group (40% to 53%) compared with the young adults. Vastus lateralis thickness and fascicles lengths were significantly smaller in the elderly group subjects (15.8 ± 3.9 mm; 99.1 ± 25.8 mm) compared with the young adults (19.8 ± 3.6 mm; 152.1 ± 42.0 mm). These findings suggest that a physically active lifestyle, without systematic training, is not sufficient to avoid loss of strength and muscle mass with aging.

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