Critical Incident Stress in Victoria State Emergency Service Volunteers: Characteristics of Critical Incidents, Common Stress Responses, and Coping Methods

1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen R. Werner ◽  
Glen W. Bates ◽  
Richard C. Bell ◽  
Patricia Murdoch ◽  
Robyn Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Critical Incident ◽  
Critical Incidents ◽  
Emergency Service ◽  
Critical Incident Stress ◽  
Coping Methods ◽  
And Coping

Best Practice in Responding to Critical Incidents and Potentially Traumatic Experience Within an Organisational Setting

2017 ◽  
pp. 732-754
Author(s):  
Carole Adamson
Keyword(s):  
Critical Incident ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Critical Incidents ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Critical Incident Stress Debriefing ◽  
Critical Incident Stress Management ◽  
Critical Incident Stress ◽  
Extreme Stress ◽  
Psychological Debriefing ◽  
Stress Debriefing

This chapter addresses best practice for organisational support after critical incidents and traumatic events within social work. Critical incidents are situations and incidents within workplace settings or roles, which, whilst able to be anticipated and planned for, have the potential to create a sense of emergency, crisis, and extreme stress, or have a traumatic impact on those directly or indirectly affected. Alongside the notion of critical incidents are concepts of debriefing, psychological debriefing, critical incident stress debriefing (CISD), and critical incident stress management (CISM). Debate about debriefing models has concerned their effectiveness and safety; the terms being loaded with meaning and tensions between scientific and holistic paradigms and between academic and practitioner perspectives. The chapter suggests areas of research and exploration for agency managers and senior practitioners wishing to make sense of the debates and enables the reader to consider best practice for critical incident response within organisational settings.

Reconsidering Post-Traumatic Stress

2005 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dene S. Berman ◽  
Jennifer Davis-Berman
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Critical Incident ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Critical Incident Stress Debriefing ◽  
Critical Incident Stress ◽  
Professional Mental Health ◽  
Stress Debriefing ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Outdoor Adventure Programs

This article serves to challenge the prevailing wisdom that suggests that most trauma is followed by post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and is best treated with critical incident stress debriefing (CISD). Instead, recent evidence suggests that many individuals exposed to stress do not experience stress responses. Even those who do, however, may not benefit from CISD. There is little support for outdoor adventure programs to require CISD after traumatic events. It is recommended that leaders be trained in assessment and trauma management with a special emphasis on case management and referral for participants who need professional mental health intervention.

Critical Incident Interventions

2017 ◽  
pp. 119-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Brucia ◽  
Matthew J. Cordova ◽  
Josef I. Ruzek
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Critical Incident ◽  
Critical Incidents ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Police Culture ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Early Interventions ◽  
Critical Incident Stress ◽  
Stress Debriefing

Police officers are exposed to many critical incidents throughout their careers. This chapter discusses critical incident exposure and psychological sequelae in police officers, police culture, obstacles to mental health care, currently utilized early interventions, existing research for these approaches, alternative evidence-based early interventions, emerging models, and directions for future research. Given the frequency and potential impact of critical incidents, early intervention for exposed police officers is of central importance. One of the most commonly utilized group early interventions, Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD), has limited empirical support, such that some departments are being advised against its use. That said, there are important challenges in identifying better, evidence-based alternatives.

Critical Incident Interventions

2019 ◽  
pp. 159-182
Author(s):  
Emily Brucia ◽  
Matthew J. Cordova ◽  
Josef I. Ruzek
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Critical Incident ◽  
Critical Incidents ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Police Culture ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Early Interventions ◽  
Critical Incident Stress ◽  
Stress Debriefing

Police officers are exposed to many critical incidents throughout their careers. This chapter discusses critical incident exposure and psychological sequelae in police officers, police culture, obstacles to mental health care, currently utilized early interventions, existing research for these approaches, alternative evidence-based early interventions, emerging models, and directions for future research. Given the frequency and potential impact of critical incidents, early intervention for exposed police officers is of central importance. One of the most commonly utilized group early interventions, Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD), has limited empirical support, such that some departments are being advised against its use. That said, there are important challenges in identifying better, evidence-based alternatives.

A wellness approach to the management of traumatic loss in schools: an examination of teachers' stress responses and coping strategies, and school response mechanisms.

1997 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 75-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen A. Jackson ◽  
Glen W. Bates
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Critical Incident ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Incident Management ◽  
Critical Incident Management ◽  
Grief Responses ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The Impact

This study was a qualitative examination of the stress responses and coping strategies of 21 teachers (12 women & 9 men), and school response mechanisms following a critical incident involving the death of a student or colleague. In order to explore the possibility that deaths of a relatively common nature can evoke high stress and grief responses, exceptional or large scale events, or those generating widespread public or media attention, were excluded. Findings showed that the impact on participants was high, and included cognitive, emotional, functional and physiological responses. Six discrete wellness factors, considered to contribute to effective coping, were identified: emotional and practical support, active involvement, responding according to individual need, access to information, readiness, and leadership. A salutogenic (wellness) approach to critical incident management was considered to provide a comprehensive and effective model for supporting individual teachers and the school in mobilising coping and restorative strategies and mechanisms. Implications for critical incident management in schools, and directions for further study, are discussed.

Best Practice in Responding to Critical Incidents and Potentially Traumatic Experience within an Organisational Setting

2014 ◽  
pp. 302-323
Author(s):  
Carole Adamson
Keyword(s):  
Critical Incident ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Critical Incidents ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Critical Incident Stress Debriefing ◽  
Critical Incident Stress Management ◽  
Critical Incident Stress ◽  
Extreme Stress ◽  
Psychological Debriefing ◽  
Stress Debriefing

This chapter addresses best practice for organisational support after critical incidents and traumatic events within social work. Critical incidents are situations and incidents within workplace settings or roles, which, whilst able to be anticipated and planned for, have the potential to create a sense of emergency, crisis, and extreme stress, or have a traumatic impact on those directly or indirectly affected. Alongside the notion of critical incidents are concepts of debriefing, psychological debriefing, Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD), and Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM). Debate about debriefing models has concerned their effectiveness and safety; the terms being loaded with meaning and tensions between scientific and holistic paradigms and between academic and practitioner perspectives. The chapter suggests areas of research and exploration for agency managers and senior practitioners wishing to make sense of the debates and enables the reader to consider best practice for critical incident response within organisational settings.

scholarly journals Starting ambulance care professionals and critical incidents: a qualitative study on experiences, consequences and coping strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorik Loef ◽  
Lilian C. M. Vloet ◽  
Peter-Hans Vierhoven ◽  
Leonie van der Schans ◽  
Yvonne Neyman-Lubbers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Critical Incident ◽  
Critical Incidents ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Care Process ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Task Support ◽  
Emotional Detachment ◽  
And Coping

Abstract Background Ambulance care professionals are regularly confronted with critical incidents that increase risks for mental health disorders. To minimize these risks, it is important that ambulance care professionals adequately cope with critical incidents. Especially from the perspective of starting ambulance care professionals it is unknown which coping styles they use when experiencing a critical incident and how they are trained to cope with critical incidents. The aim of this study was to gain insight in (a) what starting ambulance care professionals describe as critical incidents, (b) how they experience these critical incidents and their consequences, (c) how they cope with these incidents, and (d) how they are trained and guided to cope with these incidents. Methods A qualitative design with individual, semi-structured interviews was used. The data was analyzed by using inductive thematic analysis. Results Twenty-two starting ambulance care professionals were interviewed of which, 11 were male. The age ranged from 23 to 31 years, with 11 participants being 27 years or younger. Three key-themes emerged that make an incident critical: (1) emotional connection versus emotional detachment, (2) feeling loss of control, and (3) incomprehension. All participants experienced several short to middle term physical, psychological and social consequences after encountering a critical incident. Starting ambulance care professionals applied different coping strategies during different phases of the ambulance care process: a mix of depersonification, focus on the medical task, support from colleagues and their own network, seeking confirmation, and distraction. Most starting ambulance care professionals don’t actively remember they received education about coping with critical incidents during their initial educational program. During and after traineeships, the workplace preceptor has a crucial role for starting ambulance care professionals to learn them how to cope with critical incidents. Conclusions Three key-themes interact to make an incident more critical for starting ambulance care professionals. To cope with these critical incidents, starting ambulance care professionals use a variety of coping strategies. These results can be used to develop training and coaching for starting ambulance care professionals so they can adequately cope with critical incidents.

Emotions and health: The impact of emotions, emotions regulation, music, and acculturation on health

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Bongard ◽  
Volker Hodapp ◽  
Sonja Rohrmann
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Anger Expression ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Cardiovascular Stress ◽  
Expression Behavior ◽  
Cardio Vascular ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Our unit investigates the relationship of emotional processes (experience, expression, and coping), their physiological correlates and possible health outcomes. We study domain specific anger expression behavior and associated cardio-vascular loads and found e.g. that particularly an open anger expression at work is associated with greater blood pressure. Furthermore, we demonstrated that women may be predisposed for the development of certain mental disorders because of their higher disgust sensitivity. We also pointed out that the suppression of negative emotions leads to increased physiological stress responses which results in a higher risk for cardiovascular diseases. We could show that relaxation as well as music activity like singing in a choir causes increases in the local immune parameter immunoglobuline A. Finally, we are investigating connections between migrants’ strategy of acculturation and health and found e.g. elevated cardiovascular stress responses in migrants when they where highly adapted to the German culture.

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