The Impact of a BI-Supported Performance Measurement System on a Public Police Force

Performance measurement, as an effective tool for implementing organizational strategy and assisting ongoing control and surveillance, is broadly adopted today. The performance measurement system (PMS) explored in this case study was implemented, using business intelligence (BI) technologies, for a public police force. The system lets police commanders view and analyze the performance scores of their own units and get feedback on the success of their activities. The study examines the system's impact, through analysis of the metric results over a time period of five years. The results show that the vast majority of the metrics examined indeed improved. Further, the results underscore the moderation effect of relative metrics weights, as well as the different behavior of metrics that reflect activity versus those that reflect outcomes. The study underscores both the positive and the negative aspects of those results, and discusses their implications for future PMS implementation with BI technologies.

The Evolution of Securing the American K-12 Educational Environment With Armed Police Officers

Over the course of time we have seen a dramatic shift in the protection and security of our school system. With the increasing media coverage of school violence the general public has responded with a demand and a push for a safer educational environment for our children. This chapter addresses the movement from very limited school security through full time armed police officers responsible for the school campus. The chapter focuses on policy response to school shootings and covers a wide range of police and school response.

A History of Police Psychology

This chapter briefly identifies important societal events and governmental responses that set the stage for the emergence of the specialty of police psychology, provides the names and departments of early practitioners (1963-1990) of police psychology, and explains how the current definition of police psychology was developed, with its four domains and 55 proficiencies. The maturation of the specialty is outlined from its recognition as an American Psychological Association (APA) proficiency, to the creation of an American Board of Police & Public Safety Psychology (ABPPSP) specialty board, and most recently to its recognition as an APA specialty.

Online Activism and the Arab Public Sphere

YouTube has enabled new forms of political dissent in Arab societies. This article examines the development and rise of YouTube in the Arab world. In particular, it looks at how this video exchange site is invigorating the online public sphere's vigorous demand for political reform and respect for human rights. Specifically, this investigation explores how social networking capabilities have made YouTube an effective asset in dissidents' arsenal among Arab activists. To examine the vibrancy of this fledgling online public sphere, the chapter scrutinizes how activists incorporated YouTube videos to shed light on human rights abuses, specifically police abuse, corruption, and brutality in two Arab countries, Egypt and Morocco. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the new campaigning modes that the Internet and YouTube have facilitated.

A Lessons Framework for Civil-Military-Police Conflict and Disaster Management

International conflict and disaster response operations incorporate a diverse, multi-layered series of activities and actors working in the same space, and in contested environments. Differences in organizational culture, language, processes, and behavior can either inhibit or enhance understanding and cooperation. This chapter looks at how the Australian Civil-Military Centre (ACMC) has developed, facilitated, and tested education and training programs, preparedness exercises, and targeted research to enhance understanding and cooperation. These activities provide the foundation for a holistic civil-military-police lessons framework that is being developed. They provide Australian government agencies, military, police, and the aid community with a guide to successfully maintain and contribute their technical expertise and perspectives to respond to conflict and disaster management. Through the continued refinement of training programs, preparedness exercises, and targeted research, this framework looks not only at lessons collection but also at implementation of these lessons in future practice.

Crime Witnesses' Non-Cooperation in Police Investigations

The importance of crime witnesses in policing and crime control cannot be overemphasized. In Nigeria, a constant impediment in the effective operation of the criminal justice system machineries is the non-cooperation of crime witnesses with personnel of the Nigeria Police Force. Against this background, this paper examines the causes and consequences of crime witnesses' non-cooperation in police investigations in Nigeria. Rational choice theory was employed for its theoretical anchorage. A wide range of socio-cultural factors were identified as sustaining the traditional communication gap between the Police and crime witnesses that possess vital information which can aid their crime investigation. The Nigeria Police Force is urged to develop a holistic road-map through which the level of public confidence in its operation can be boosted.

The Color of Victimology

Victims are the center of the criminal justice system. However, negative treatment by any service provider discourages individuals from taking advantage of the services being offered to victims through various organizations in their respective communities. The study of victims (victimology) is informative on the physical, psychological, and emotional effects crimes have on victims. Victim assistance programs and resources have substantially grown over the years in an effort to improve protection to all and assist in pursuing proper justice for victims and those suffering from victimization. The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) and Uniform Crime Report (UCR) are used to gather statistics to further victim research. High profile cases in the media have led to the criminal justice system being deemed biased. Statistics do not substantiate racial discrimination in victimology or in the criminal justice system. There are instances of discrimination in select cases, but as a whole, the criminal justice system should not be viewed as discriminative. The focus should be placed on refining victim assistance programs and being creative in providing the proper resources victims need to receive the justice they deserve and the care and help they need.

Transnational and Cross-Cultural Approaches in Undercover Police Work

Undercover operatives have for decades attempted to interact with and expose criminal activity in identified criminal sub-culture groups of their same ethnic backgrounds, potential criminal participants in diverse ethnic cultural groups other than their own ethnic background, and cross-cultural groups made up of people from different ethnic groups. Through our combined professional experiences (e.g., leadership professor, undercover law enforcement, criminal justice, research, inmate instructor, ethics professors) and having lived and worked in various parts of the world (e.g., Canada, US, UK, Europe, South East and Central Asia) our chapter examines undercover police work and provides a view to cross-cultural issues that exist on both the enforcement and suspect sides of police investigation. A variety of transnational and cross-border ethical issues are examined in undercover work (e.g. trickery, entrapment) along with landmark court cases in an effort to compare and contrast international approaches to undercover operatives. Future directions concerning international collaboration are presented.

Intercultural Education and Training of Slovene Police Officers for the Purpose of International Missions

In this chapter the authors will discuss the importance of intercultural education and training for the purpose of high quality work of police officers during international missions. The Slovene Police is among other basic work areas also responsible for international cooperation, such as cooperation with Europol, Interpol, etc. and among others it his together with Slovene Armed Forces also responsible for international missions. The integration of intercultural perspectives into their education and training is due to the special work conditions during work in international missions highly important. The authors will present the theoretical aspect of the importance of intercultural training for all the employees that work in special intercultural environment and conditions as well as present the results of empirical study. Furthermore, the chapter will present the results of research which was conducted in 2014 among Slovene police officers included in international missions from the beginning in 1997 until 2014.

Use of Social Media for Policing

An overwhelming amount of information (and misinformation) is available on today's social media sites (e.g., Twitter, Facebook, Flickr, YouTube). Law enforcement agencies actively seek to leverage these resources to improve services and communication with public. Various factors have forced law enforcement agencies to have an active voice on social media. This chapter examines the growing interest of police forces in the use of social media to engage groups previously uninvolved in discussion of community policing and for deliberation about priorities of police forces. The chapter concludes that police forces, in general, have been able to exploit the networked characteristics of social media and the potential of user-generated content. Recommendations are provided to achieve more ambitious aims for using social media for policing.