Contrasting effects of increased ascorbate content on growth and development of long-day and short-day grown Brassica rapa

Experiments were conducted in environmental chambers to the evaluate effects of photoperiod and temperature on Florida betony growth and development. Plants were exposed to two photoperiods, short day (9 h) and long day (9 + 3 h night interruption), and three day/night temperature regimes, 18/14, 22/18, and 26/22 C. After 10 wk of growth, shoot length and weight were 3.4 and 3.5 times greater, respectively, in the long-day photoperiod and with the 26 and 22 than with the 22 and 18 C day and night temperature regime, respectively. Shoot number, however, was greatest in the short-day photoperiod and at a lower temperature of 22/18 C. Shoot number in long day 22/18 C and 26/22 C environments increased asymptotically. No difference in root weight was observed between long- and short-day environments, but root weight increased with increasing temperature. Flowering and tuber production only occurred in long-day environments, with greater production of both at higher temperatures. Results provide a general framework for understanding Florida betony growth and development characteristics in the field and provide insights that should be considered in developing control strategies.

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Functional characterization of mungbean CONSTANS-LIKE genes reveals a key role for CONSTANS-LIKE 2 in the control of flowering time in A. thaliana under short-day conditions

10.21203/rs.3.rs-24842/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Chenyang Liu ◽

Qianqian Zhang ◽

Hong Zhu ◽

Chunmei Cai ◽

Shuai Li

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Flowering Time ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Functional Characterization ◽

Plant Growth And Development ◽

Promoter Regions ◽

Short Day ◽

Long Day ◽

Close Phylogenetic Relationship

Abstract Background: CONSTANS-LIKE (COL) genes play important roles in the regulation of plant growth and development, and they have been analyzed in many plant species. However, few investigations have examined COL genes in mungbean (Vigna radiata).Results: In this study, we identified and characterized a total 14 of VrCOL genes from mungbean, which distributed on 7 of the 11 mungbean chromosomes. Based on their conserved domains, VrCOLs were clustered into three groups (I, II and III), which contained 4, 5 and 5 members, respectively. The gene structures and conserved motifs of the VrCOL genes were analyzed, and two duplicated gene pairs, VrCOL1/VrCOL2 and VrCOL8/VrCOL9, were identified. A total of 82 cis-acting elements were found in the VrCOL promoter regions, and the numbers and types of cis-acting elements in each VrCOL promoter region differed. As a result, the expression patterns of VrCOLs varied in different tissues, and under long day and short day conations throughout the day. Among these VrCOL genes, VrCOL2 showed a close phylogenetic relationship with Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana) CO and displayed daily oscillations in expression under short day conditions but not long day conditions. In addition, overexpression of VrCOL2 accelerated flowering in A. thaliana under short day conditions by activating the expression of flowering time gene AtFT and AtTSF.Conclusion: Overall, we identified 14 VrCOL genes from mungbean using genome-wide identification. Characteristics and transcription pattern analysis of VrCOL genes revealed their important roles in plant growth and development, and our results suggested that VrCOL2 regulate flowering time under short day conditions in A. thaliana. Our study lays the foundation for further dissection of VrCOL gene functions.

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Optimization of EDTA Exudation Technique for Proteome Study of the Phloem

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v64.2033 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 64 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Zaidah Rahmat ◽

Colin Turnbull

Keyword(s):

Growth And Development ◽

Protein Identification ◽

Plant Identification ◽

Optimum Amount ◽

Phloem Sap ◽

Short Day ◽

Long Day ◽

Phloem Protein ◽

Overnight Incubation ◽

Regulation Of Growth

Phloem proteome study is gaining recognition due to the phloem important function to a plant. Identification of proteins within the phloem with varying function could help understand the regulation of growth and development. EDTA exudation technique applied to obtain Arabidopsis phloem protein was optimized. It was found that plants grown up until 6 weeks in SD (short day) condition, exposed to 3 days LD (long day) condition, the phloem sap collected in 20 mM EDTA with overnight incubation in LD and precipitated using Amicon filter device gave the optimum amount of protein with good quality. Sufficient amount of protein was obtained using the optimized EDTA exudation technique for protein identification.

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Control of torpor and body weight patterns by a seasonal timer in Siberian hamsters

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.1989.257.1.r142 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 257 (1) ◽

pp. R142-R149 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

T. J. Bartness ◽

J. A. Elliott ◽

B. D. Goldman

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Food Intake ◽

Implant Removal ◽

Daily Torpor ◽

Short Day ◽

Siberian Hamsters ◽

Long Day ◽

Preparatory Phase ◽

Pelage Color ◽

Seasonal Responses

Two experiments were designed to assess whether the short-day-induced patterns of shallow daily torpor, body weight, and other seasonal responses (food intake and pelage pigmentation) exhibited by Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus sungorus) are under the control of a "seasonal timekeeping mechanism" that is independent of reproductive status [testosterone, (T)]. We examined whether the patterning and expression of these seasonal responses were altered by decreases in serum T that accompany gonadal regression during the first 8 wk of short-day exposure (i.e., the "preparatory phase" of the torpor season) or by experimental increases in serum T after this phase. Short-day-housed, castrated hamsters bearing T implants had long-day levels of the hormone and did not exhibit torpor. Appropriate seasonal patterns and levels of torpor, body weight, pelage color stage, and food intake were exhibited after T implant removal although serum T was clamped to long-day levels during the preparatory phase. In animals that were gonad intact during the preparatory phase and were subsequently castrated and given T implants, torpor did not occur as long as the implants were in place. However, the patterns and levels of daily torpor, food intake, and body weight rapidly returned to appropriate seasonal values compared with the castrated, blank-implanted controls on T implant removal; these effects occurred whether the T implants were removed when torpor frequency was increasing, at its peak, or decreasing across the torpor season. T did not affect pelage color stage under any condition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Endogenous gibberellins and gibberellin-like substances in long-day and short-day species of tobacco plants: A possible correlation with photoperiodic response

Phytochemistry ◽

10.1016/s0031-9422(00)94690-9 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 509-517 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

N.Ya. Grigorieva ◽

V.F. Kucherov ◽

V.N. Lozhnikova ◽

M.Kh. Chailakhian

Keyword(s):

Photoperiodic Response ◽

Tobacco Plants ◽

Short Day ◽

Long Day

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Cessation of Long Day Melatonin Rhythms Time Puberty in a Short Day Breeder*

Endocrinology ◽

10.1210/endo-123-3-1636 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 123 (3) ◽

pp. 1636-1641 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

DOUGLAS L. FOSTER ◽

FRANCIS J. P. EBLING ◽

LEE E. CLAYPOOL ◽

CELIA J. I. WOODFILL

Keyword(s):

Short Day ◽

Long Day

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Transcriptomic analysis of Allium sativum uncovers putative genes involved in photoperiodic pathway and hormone signaling under long day and short day conditions

Plant Science ◽

10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111095 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 111095

Author(s):

Muhammad Jawaad Atif ◽

Bakht Amin ◽

Muhammad Imran Ghani ◽

Muhammad Ali ◽

Somia Khursheed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Allium Sativum ◽

Transcriptomic Analysis ◽

Hormone Signaling ◽

Short Day ◽

Long Day

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Agronomic Performance and Flowering Behavior in Response to Photoperiod and Vernalization in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Genotypes with Contrasting Drought Tolerance Behavior

10.21203/rs.3.rs-289948/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jamal Abu-Elenein ◽

Rabea Al-Sayaydeh ◽

Zahera Akkeh ◽

Zakaria Al-Ajlouni ◽

AbdRaheem A. Al-Bawalize ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Tolerance ◽

Shoot Apical Meristem ◽

Apical Meristem ◽

Agronomic Performance ◽

Short Day ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Long Day ◽

Meristem Development ◽

Rainfed Conditions ◽

Barley Genotypes

Abstract Background In barley, flowering behavior is a highly regulated and complex process where the appropriate matching of reproductive development with seasonal variation in water availability confer barley adaptation to different environments. In this study, the role of variation in flowering time and drought tolerance in four selected barley genotypes was studied under field and controlled conditions. For this purpose, field trials were conducted for two consecutive seasons at three diverse environments where the studied genotypes were subjected to either rainfed conditions or rainfed plus supplementary irrigation under two different sowing dates. Furthermore, reproductive meristem development in two selected barley genotypes, Rum (drought tolerant) and Steptoe (drought-sensitive) was also assessed in response to both vernalization and water stress under two different photoperiod conditions.Results Variation in the number of days to heading was more pronounced under rainfed conditions than under well water conditions. For agronomic performance, Rum was superior under all tested environments, which assure its general adaptability to multiple environments, while Steptoe was the poorest. The transition to reproductive meristem was faster under vernalized long-day conditions as compared to vernalized short-day conditions. The progress of shoot apical meristem development and heading under long-day conditions was significantly faster in Rum than that of Steptoe. A clear effect of drought stress was observed on shoot apical meristem development in Steptoe. Under short-day conditions, vernalized Rum plants subjected to water deficit showed an advanced meristem development stage a significant earlier HD when compared with non-stressed plants. This early flowering behavior in stressed Rum plants under short-day conditions was accompanied by higher gene expression of the Vrn-H1 gene. Conclusion In conclusion, the integration of vernalization and photoperiod signals in drought-tolerant barley genotypes is associated with early flowering behavior and higher productivity in dry environments.

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Photocontrol of Flowering and Extension Growth in the Long-day Plant Pansy

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.128.4.0479 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 128 (4) ◽

pp. 479-485 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Erik S. Runkle ◽

Royal D. Heins

Keyword(s):

Flower Development ◽

Red Light ◽

Reproductive Development ◽

Extension Growth ◽

Separate Experiment ◽

Flower Initiation ◽

Minimal Extension ◽

Short Day ◽

Long Day ◽

Light Duration

Plastics that selectively reduce the transmission of far-red light (FR, 700 to 800 nm) reduce extension growth of many floricultural crops. However, FR-deficient (FRd) environments delay flowering in some long-day plants (LDPs), including `Crystal Bowl Yellow' pansy (Viola ×wittrockiana Gams). Our objective was to determine if FR light could be added to an otherwise FRd environment to facilitate flowering with minimal extension growth. In one experiment, plants were grown under a 16-hour FRd photoperiod, and FR-rich light was added during portions of the day or night. For comparison, plants were also grown with a 9-hour photoperiod [short-day (SD) control] or under a neutral (N) filter with a 16-hour photoperiod (long day control). Flowering was promoted most (i.e., percent of plants that flowered increased and time to flower decreased) when FR-rich light was added during the entire 16-hour photoperiod, during the last 4 hours of the photoperiod, or during the first or second 4 hours after the end of the photoperiod. In a separate experiment, pansy was grown under an FRd or N filter with a 9-hour photoperiod plus 0, 0.5, 1, 2, or 4 hours of night interruption (NI) lighting that delivered a red (R, 600 to 700 nm) to FR ratio of 0.56 (low), 1.28 (moderate), or 7.29 (high). Under the N filter, the minimum NI duration that increased percent flowering was 2 hours with a moderate or low R:FR and 4 hours with a high R:FR. Under the FRd filter, 2 or 4 hours of NI lighting with a moderate or low R:FR, respectively, was required to increase percent flowering, but a 4-hour NI with a high R:FR failed to promote flowering. Pansy appears to be day-neutral with respect to flower initiation and a quantitative LDP with respect to flower development. The promotion of reproductive development was related linearly to the promotion of extension growth. Therefore, it appears that in LDPs such as pansy, light duration and quality concomitantly promote extension growth and flowering, and cannot readily be separated with lighting strategies.

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