Geological compressed air energy storage as an enabling technology for renewable energy in Ontario, Canada

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 350-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Konrad ◽  
Rupp Carriveau ◽  
Matt Davison ◽  
Frank Simpson ◽  
David S.-K. Ting
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Compressed Air Energy Storage ◽  
Enabling Technology

scholarly journals Computer Model for Financial, Environmental and Risk Analysis of a Wind–Diesel Hybrid System with Compressed Air Energy Storage

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 4054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youssef Benchaabane ◽  
Rosa Elvira Silva ◽  
Hussein Ibrahim ◽  
Adrian Ilinca ◽  
Ambrish Chandra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Computer Model ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Compressed Air Energy Storage ◽  
The Impact

Remote and isolated communities in Canada experience gaps in access to stable energy sources and must rely on diesel generators for heat and electricity. However, the cost and environmental impact resulting from the use of fossil fuels, especially in local energy production, heating, industrial processes and transportation are compelling reasons to support the development and deployment of renewable energy hybrid systems. This paper presents a computer model for economic analysis and risk assessment of a wind–diesel hybrid system with compressed air energy storage. The proposed model is developed from the point of view of the project investor and it includes technical, financial, risk and environmental analysis. Robustness is evaluated through sensitivity analysis. The model has been validated by comparing the results of a wind–diesel case study against those obtained using HOMER (National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States) and RETScreen (Natural Resources Canada, Government of Canada, Canada) software. The impact on economic performance of adding energy storage system in a wind–diesel hybrid system has been discussed. The obtained results demonstrate the feasibility of such hybrid system as a suitable power generator in terms of high net present value and internal rate of return, low cost of energy, as well as low risk assessment. In addition, the environmental impact is positive since less fuel is used.

scholarly journals Design of a New Compressed Air Energy Storage System with Constant Gas Pressure and Temperature for Application in Coal Mine Roadways

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 4188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kangyu Deng ◽  
Kai Zhang ◽  
Xinran Xue ◽  
Hui Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Coal Mines ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Compressed Air Energy Storage ◽  
Generation Capacity ◽  
Instability Energy

Renewable energy (wind and solar power, etc.) are developing rapidly around the world. However, compared to traditional power (coal or hydro), renewable energy has the drawbacks of intermittence and instability. Energy storage is the key to solving the above problems. The present study focuses on the compressed air energy storage (CAES) system, which is one of the large-scale energy storage methods. As a lot of underground coal mines are going to be closed in China in the coming years, a novel CAES system is proposed for application in roadways of the closing coal mines. The new system combines pumped-hydro and compressed-air methods, and features constant air pressure and temperature. Another specific character of the system is the usage of flexible bags to store the compressed air, which can effectively reduce air leakage. The governing equations of the system are derived, and the response of the system is analyzed. According to the equations, for a roadway with depth of 500 m and volume of 10,000 cubic meters, the power generation capacity of the CAES system is approximately 18 MW and the generating time is 1.76 h. The results show that the new CAES system proposed is reasonable, and provides a suitable way to utilize the underground space of coal mines.

scholarly journals Impact of compressed air energy storage system into diesel power plant with wind power penetration

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1553
Author(s):  
Abdulla Ahmed ◽  
Tong Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Power System ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Compressed Air Energy Storage

<p>The wind energy plays an important role in power system because of its renewable, clean and free energy. However, the penetration of wind power (WP) into the power grid system (PGS) requires an efficient energy storage systems (ESS). compressed air energy storage (CAES) system is one of the most ESS technologies which can alleviate the intermittent nature of the renewable energy sources (RES). Nyala city power plant in Sudan has been chosen as a case study because the power supply by the existing power plant is expensive due to high costs for fuel transport and the reliability of power supply is low due to uncertain fuel provision. This paper presents a formulation of security-constrained unit commitment (SCUC) of diesel power plant (DPP) with the integration of CAES and PW. The optimization problem is modeled and coded in MATLAB which solved with solver GORUBI 8.0. The results show that the proposed model is suitable for integration of renewable energy sources (RES) into PGS with ESS and helpful in power system operation management.</p>

scholarly journals A GIS-MCDA Approach Addressing Economic-Social-Environmental Concerns for Selecting the Most Suitable Compressed Air Energy Storage Reservoirs

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6793
Author(s):  
Catarina R. Matos ◽  
Júlio F. Carneiro ◽  
Patrícia Pereira da Silva ◽  
Carla O. Henriques
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Social Constraints ◽  
Compressed Air Energy Storage ◽  
Electricity Grid ◽  
Potential Reservoir ◽  
Simple Additive Weighting

This article presents an assessment of the most suitable compressed air energy storage (CAES) reservoirs and facilities to better integrate renewable energy into the electricity grid. The novelty of this study resides in selecting the best CAES reservoir sites through the application of a multi-criteria decision aid (MCDA) tool, specifically the simple additive weighting (SAW) method. Besides using geographic information systems (GIS) spatial representation of potential reservoir areas, for the MCDA method, several spatial criteria, environmental and social constraints, and positive incentives (e.g., the proximity to existing power generation facilities of renewable energy sources) were contemplated. As a result, sixty-two alternatives or potential reservoir sites were identified, and thirteen criteria (seven constraints and six incentives) were considered. The final stage of this study consisted of conducting a sensitivity analysis to determine the robustness of the solutions obtained and giving insights regarding each criterion’s influence on the reservoir sites selected. The three best suitable reservoir sites obtained were the Monte Real salt dome, Sines Massif, and the Campina de Cima—Loulé salt mine. The results show that this GIS-MCDA methodological framework, integrating spatial and non-spatial information, proved to provide a multidimensional view of the potential reservoir CAES systems incorporating both constraints and incentives.

Large-scale compressed air energy storage in porous media in a 100% renewable energy supply future

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firdovsi Gasanzade ◽  
Fahim Sadat ◽  
Ilja Tuschy ◽  
Sebastian Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Compressed Air Energy Storage ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
The Future

&lt;p&gt;Compressed air energy storage (CAES) in porous formations is one option to compensate the expected fluctuations in energy supply in future energy systems with a 100% share of renewable energy sources. Mechanical energy is stored as pressurized air in a subsurface porous formation using off-peak power, and released during peak demand using a turbine for power generation. Depending on share and type of renewable energy sources in the future, different storage capacities and storage power rates will have to be satisfied to compensate fluctuating nature of the renewable power supply. Therefore, this study investigates scenarios for subsurface compressed air energy storage using four potential future energy system development pathways. Because for CAES subsurface processes and power generation are strongly linked via reservoir pressure and flow rates, coupled power plant and geostorage model has to be developed and employed to evaluate potential operation conditions for such a storage technique.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this study, a diabatic CAES is designed, with a three-stage compression and a two-stage expansion with heat recuperator in the power plant and a porous formation as a storage formation with 20 m thickness in an anticline trap structure at a depth between 700 and 1500 m. A withdrawal rate of 115 MW and a total stored energy of up to 348 GWh per year are derived from the future energy system scenarios. Scenario simulations are carried out by coupling the open-source thermal engineering TESPy code and the multiphase-multicomponent ECLIPSE flow simulator using highly fluctuating load profiles with a time resolution of one hour. In addition to the diabatic CAES, two adiabatic concepts are considered for the same geostorage configuration.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Results show that nine vertical storage wells are sufficient to deliver the target air mass flow rates required by the power plant during 98% of the year. Flow rate limitation occurs due to bottom hole pressure limits either during the injection or the withdrawal phases, depending on the specific load profile of the future energy systems, as well as the prior operation conditions. Thus, our scenario simulation shows that one porous media CAES site can cover all expected load profiles and balance the expected offsets between energy demand and energy supply up to the GWh scale. Balancing of the energy system at the national level can be achieved by up-scaling of the results obtained in this study.&lt;/p&gt;

Design of a Modular Solid-Based Thermal Energy Storage for a Hybrid Compressed Air Energy Storage System

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Baghaei Lakeh ◽  
Ian C. Villazana ◽  
Sammy Houssainy ◽  
Kevin R. Anderson ◽  
H. Pirouz Kavehpour
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Compressed Air Energy Storage

The share of renewable energy sources in the power grid is showing an increasing trend world-wide. Most of the renewable energy sources are intermittent and have generation peaks that do not correlate with peak demand. The stability of the power grid is highly dependent on the balance between power generation and demand. Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) systems have been utilized to receive and store the electrical energy from the grid during off-peak hours and play the role of an auxiliary power plant during peak hours. Using Thermal Energy Storage (TES) systems with CAES technology is shown to increase the efficiency and reduce the cost of generated power. In this study, a modular solid-based TES system is designed to store thermal energy converted from grid power. The TES system stores the energy in the form of internal energy of the storage medium up to 900 K. A three-dimensional computational study using commercial software (ANSYS Fluent) was completed to test the performance of the modular design of the TES. It was shown that solid-state TES, using conventional concrete and an array of circular fins with embedded heaters, can be used for storing heat for a high temperature hybrid CAES (HTH-CAES) system.

Concept and Application of Distributed Compressed Air Energy Storage Systems Integrated in Utility Networks

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav P. Petrov ◽  
Reza Arghandeh ◽  
Robert Broadwater
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Compressed Air Energy Storage ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Local Networks ◽  
Distributed Energy Storage

Distributed energy storage has been recognized as a valuable and often indispensable complement to small-scale power generation based on renewable energy sources. Small-scale energy storage positioned at the demand side would open the possibility for enhanced predictability of power output and easier integration of small-scale intermittent generators into functioning electricity markets, as well as offering inherent peak shaving abilities for mitigating contingencies and blackouts, for reducing transmission losses in local networks, profit optimization and generally allowing tighter utility control on renewable energy generation. Distributed energy storage at affordable costs and of low environmental footprint is a necessary prerequisite for the wider deployment of renewable energy and its deeper penetration into local networks. Thermodynamic energy storage in the form of compressed air is an alternative to electrochemical energy storage in batteries and has been evaluated in various studies and tested commercially on a large scale. Distributed compressed air energy storage (DCAES) systems in combination with renewable energy generators installed at residential homes, public or commercial buildings are a viable alternative to large-scale energy storage, moreover promising lower specific investment than batteries if a mass-market is established. Flexible control methods can be applied to DCAES units, resulting in a complex system running either independently for home power supply, or as a unified and centrally controlled utility-scale energy storage entity. This study aims at conceptualizing the plausible distributed compressed-air energy storage units, examining the feasibility for their practical implementation and analyzing their behavior, as well as devising the possible control strategies for optimal utilization of grid-integrated renewable energy sources at small scales. Results show that overall energy storage efficiency of around 70% can be achieved with comparatively simple solutions, offering less technical challenges and lower specific costs than comparable electrical battery systems. Furthermore, smart load management for improving the dispatchability can bring additional benefits by profit optimization and decrease the payback time substantially.

scholarly journals A Coupled Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Model of Jointed Hard Rock for Compressed Air Energy Storage

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoying Zhuang ◽  
Runqiu Huang ◽  
Chao Liang ◽  
Timon Rabczuk
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Hard Rock ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Compressed Air Energy Storage ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Mass Source ◽  
Discrete Crack ◽  
Rock Cavern

Renewable energy resources such as wind and solar are intermittent, which causes instability when being connected to utility grid of electricity. Compressed air energy storage (CAES) provides an economic and technical viable solution to this problem by utilizing subsurface rock cavern to store the electricity generated by renewable energy in the form of compressed air. Though CAES has been used for over three decades, it is only restricted to salt rock or aquifers for air tightness reason. In this paper, the technical feasibility of utilizing hard rock for CAES is investigated by using a coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) modelling of nonisothermal gas flow. Governing equations are derived from the rules of energy balance, mass balance, and static equilibrium. Cyclic volumetric mass source and heat source models are applied to simulate the gas injection and production. Evaluation is carried out for intact rock and rock with discrete crack, respectively. In both cases, the heat and pressure losses using air mass control and supplementary air injection are compared.

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