Aranuian vegetation history of the Arrowsmith Range, Canterbury I. Pollen diagrams, plant macrofossils, and buried soils from Prospect Hill

AbstractVegetation history during the Holocene is interpreted from the pollen and sedimentary records of nine sections of peat deposits located in sedge tundra at sites in the northern and northwestern parts of the Prince William Sound region. Basal radiocarbon ages of the deposits are between 10,015 and 580 yr B.P. Modern surface pollen data from these and 25 additional sites, ranging from lowlands to an altitude of 675 m in the alpine tundra, were used to aid in the interpretation of the fossil records. Both frequency and influx pollen diagrams of the oldest section disclose a sequence of communities beginning with sedge tundra, containing thickets of willow and alder, followed by alder, which became predominant at about 8300 yr B.P. Later, alder declined, and an inferred growth of sedge tundra and the establishment of colonies of mountain hemlock and Sitka spruce with some western hemlock occurred about 2680 yr B.P. Finally, regrowth of sedge tundra accompanied by the development of forest communites took place over the past 2000 yr. The influence of glacier advances on the vegetation in the fjords occurred during Neoglacial episodes dated at 3200–2500 yr B.P. and during recent centuries. Regional Holocene tectonic activity was also an influential factor, especially at the time of the 1964 earthquake.

Download Full-text

Medieval impacts on the vegetation around the confluence of the river Meuse and its tributary the Swalm, the Netherlands

Netherlands Journal of Geosciences – Geologie en Mijnbouw ◽

10.1017/njg.2016.21 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 96 (2) ◽

pp. 165-173 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Corrie Bakels

Keyword(s):

The Netherlands ◽

Middle Ages ◽

Large Scale ◽

Vegetation History ◽

Black Death ◽

Anthropogenic Stress ◽

River Meuse ◽

Pollen Diagrams ◽

History Of ◽

The Middle Ages

AbstractThe vegetation history of the area around the confluence of the rivers Meuse and Swalm (the Netherlands) during the Middle Ages is covered by two pollen diagrams. The diagram Swalmen reveals a large-scale deforestation as a result of the foundation of a nobleman's homestead around 950. The diagram Syperhof shows a period during which the forest partly returns after a long history of unremitting anthropogenic stress. This temporary phenomenon is ascribed to the onslaught of the Black Death in 1349. Both diagrams provide evidence of the start of buckwheat growing.

Download Full-text

Palaeoenvironmental changes and vegetation history of the northern Upper Rhine Graben (southwestern Germany) since the Lateglacial

Netherlands Journal of Geosciences – Geologie en Mijnbouw ◽

10.1017/s0016774600024057 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 87 (1) ◽

pp. 67-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

J.A.A. Bos ◽

R. Dambeck ◽

A.J. Kalis ◽

A. Schweizer ◽

H. Thiemeyer

Keyword(s):

Vegetation History ◽

Younger Dryas ◽

Upper Rhine Graben ◽

Second Phase ◽

The Holocene ◽

Rhine Graben ◽

Pollen Diagrams ◽

History Of ◽

Upper Rhine ◽

Palaeoenvironmental Changes

AbstractThe vegetation of the northern Upper Rhine Graben (southwestern Germany) is reconstructed for the end of the Lateglacial and the Holocene by means of palynological analyses in combination with AMS 14c dating. Analogous to adjacent lowland areas, the Younger Dryas climatic deterioration did not result in a complete deforestation of the area and open pine woodlands with locally birch stands and shrubs persisted. A subdivision of the Younger Dryas period, into a humid first phase, followed by a dry second phase was also reflected in our records. For the Holocene, the pollen diagrams show two regionally different vegetation developments, related to substrate and variations in annual precipitation: in the south the ‘classical’ succession of pine then hazel is followed by other deciduous trees, whereas in the northern part, pine kept its dominance far into the Subboreal.

Download Full-text

Vegetation history of Central Chukotka deduced from permafrost paleoenvironmental records of the El'gygytgyn Impact Crater

Climate of the Past Discussions ◽

10.5194/cpd-8-1409-2012 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 1409-1441 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A. A. Andreev ◽

E. Morozova ◽

G. Fedorov ◽

L. Schirrmeister ◽

A. A. Bobrov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Impact Crater ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Vegetation History ◽

Lacustrine Sediments ◽

Plant Macrofossils ◽

Early Holocene ◽

Shrub Tundra ◽

Dwarf Birch ◽

History Of ◽

Palynological Study

Abstract. Frozen sediments from three cores bored in permafrost surrounding of the El'gygytgyn Impact Crater Lake have been studied for pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs, plant macrofossils, and rhizopods. The palynological study of the cores contributes to a higher resolution of time intervals presented in a poor temporal resolution in the lacustrine sediments; namely the Allerød and succeeding periods. Moreover, permafrost records better reflect local environmental changes, thus, allowing more reliable reconstruction of the local paleoenvironments. The new data confirm that shrub tundra with dwarf birch, shrub alder and willow dominated in the lake surroundings during the Allerød warming. Younger Dryas pollen assemblages reflect abrupt changes to grass-sedge-herb dominated environments reflecting significant climate deterioration. Low shrub tundra with dwarf birch and willow dominate the lake vicinity at the onset of the Holocene. The founds of larch seeds indicate its local presence around 11 000 cal. yr BP and, thus a northward shift of treeline by about 100 km during the early Holocene thermal optimum. Forest tundra with larch and shrub alder stands grew in the area during the early Holocene. After ca. 3500 cal. yr BP similar-to-modern plant communities became common in the lake vicinity.

Download Full-text

Ancient plant DNA, macro- and microfossil studies of the lake sediments from the High Arctic lake Tenndammen, Svalbard

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-5444 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Anastasia Poliakova ◽

Lena M. Håkansson ◽

Anders Schomacker ◽

Sandra Garces Pastor ◽

Inger Greve Alsos

Keyword(s):

Ancient Dna ◽

Vegetation History ◽

Sediment Cores ◽

Local Environment ◽

Plant Macrofossils ◽

High Arctic ◽

Arctic Ecosystems ◽

Dna Metabarcoding ◽

History Of ◽

Shallow Water Body

Ancient DNA metabarcoding applied together with the investigations of the plant macro-remains, pollen, spores and non-pollen palynomorphs (NPP), open new perspectives and give better taxonomical resolution, allowing to obtain more precise and specific data on the local environment conditions and their changes. So far, only three multiproxy studies that involve both molecular and palaeobotanical/palynological methods are available for the high Arctic archipelago Svalbard. We intend to contribute filling this gap. Therefore, a field trip to Svalbard was undertaken in September, 2019, and three sediment cores were retrieved from the Tenndammen lake (N 78&#176;06.118; E 15&#176;02.024, 7 m asl) which is a small and shallow water body (ca 2.5&#160;m depth). The lake is located in the valley of Colesdalen, a well-known Svalbard&#8217;s biodiversity hot spots and a home for about seven to ten thermophilic plant species.To investigate the Holocene to modern vegetation history of this place, the 85cm core Te2019 was chosen, it was described for lithology, X-rayed, &#181;XRF-scanned, line-scan photographed with high resolution and sampled for sedaDNA, pollen, spores and NPP studies as well as for studies on plant macrofossils. Ten 14C AMS dates were taken in order to establish an age-depth model. The DNA record contains around 100 taxa, most findings of those are supported by pollen studies (Asteraceae, Betula, Brassicaceae, Salix, Saxifraga, Vaccinium/Ericaceae) and by spores (Equisetum and Bryophyta). In addition, various fungi spores were identified. Investigations of plant macro-remains well support findings of the aquatic (i.e. Warnstorfia fluitans) and terrestrial mosses (e.g. Aulacomnium conf. turgidum, Bryum spp., Distichium capillaceum, Calliergon richardsonii, Scorpidium cossonii, Sphagnum spp., Rhizomnium spp.). Besides, fragments of Salix and Betula leaves and fruit parts, various leaf, stem tissues and flower fragments of Saxifraga species were found within the samples from the same depths with the correspondence to DNA records. Three DNA zones (SvDNA 1 &#8211; SvDNA3) and &#160;one subzone within the earliest zone (SvDNA-1a &#8211; SvDNA-1b) were established. Relations between DNA, pollen and macrofossil zones were studied. This study is performed within the &#8220;Future ArcTic Ecosystems&#8221; (FATE) research program: Initiative for investigation on drivers of diversity and future scenarios from ethnoecology, contemporary ecology and ancient DNA.

Download Full-text

A Vegetation History of the Far North of New Zealand during the Late Otira (Last) Glaciation

Quaternary Research ◽

10.1006/qres.1993.1043 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 361-372 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Rewi Newnham ◽

John Ogden ◽

Dallas Mildenhall

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Forest Cover ◽

Vegetation History ◽

Mixed Forest ◽

Radiocarbon Dates ◽

Substantial Loss ◽

Far North ◽

Last Glaciation ◽

Pollen Diagrams ◽

History Of

AbstractDuring the latter part of the last (Otira) glaciation the forest cover of New Zealand was much reduced. It has frequently been postulated, however, that diverse mixed forest communities survived in the far north of North Island. Pollen diagrams and radiocarbon dates from two last glacial and postglacial (Aranuian) sits on the Aupouri Peninsula in the far north of New Zealand are compared with other published palynological and plant macrofossil evidence from the region. Mixed kauri/podocarp/angiosperm forest was present at times during the late Otiran (and Aranuian) and no evidence was found for substantial loss of forest. However, radiocarbon samples from one site, at least, seem to have been contaminated with young carbon; this introduces uncertainty into the chronology established at that site. Possibly nondeposition or erosion has obscured part or all of the late Otiran record at all the sites studied so that very much reduced forest cover at that time cannot be ruled out.

Download Full-text

Vegetation history of central Chukotka deduced from permafrost paleoenvironmental records of the El'gygytgyn Impact Crater

Climate of the Past ◽

10.5194/cp-8-1287-2012 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 1287-1300 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

A. A. Andreev ◽

E. Morozova ◽

G. Fedorov ◽

L. Schirrmeister ◽

A. A. Bobrov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Impact Crater ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Vegetation History ◽

Lacustrine Sediments ◽

Plant Macrofossils ◽

Early Holocene ◽

Shrub Tundra ◽

Dwarf Birch ◽

History Of ◽

Palynological Study

Abstract. Frozen sediments from three cores bored in the permafrost surrounding the El'gygytgyn Impact Crater Lake have been studied for pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs, plant macrofossils and rhizopods. The palynological study of these cores contributes to a higher resolution of time intervals presented in a poor temporal resolution in the lacustrine sediments; namely the Allerød and succeeding periods. Moreover, the permafrost records better reflect local environmental changes, allowing a more reliable reconstruction of the local paleoenvironments. The new data confirm that shrub tundra with dwarf birch, shrub alder and willow dominated the lake surroundings during the Allerød warming. Younger Dryas pollen assemblages reflect abrupt changes to grass-sedge-herb dominated environments reflecting significantly drier and cooler climate. Low shrub tundra with dwarf birch and willow dominate the lake vicinity at the onset of the Holocene. The find of larch seeds indicate its local presence around 11 000 cal yr BP and, thus a northward shift of treeline by about 100 km during the early Holocene thermal optimum. Forest tundra with larch and shrub alder stands grew in the area during the early Holocene. After ca. 3500 cal yr BP similar-to-modern plant communities became common in the lake vicinity.

Download Full-text

Holocene vegetation history of Banks Island, Northwest Territories, Canada

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b00-018 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 78 (4) ◽

pp. 430-436 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

K Gajewski ◽

R J Mott ◽

J C Ritchie ◽

K Hadden

Keyword(s):

Northwest Territories ◽

Vegetation History ◽

Middle Zone ◽

Pollen Diagram ◽

Radiocarbon Dates ◽

Banks Island ◽

Pollen Diagrams ◽

Pollen Types ◽

History Of ◽

Lower Frequencies

Four pollen diagrams from Banks Island, Northwest Territories, provide the first records of the postglacial vegetation of the region. Chronologies are estimated from radiocarbon dates and by correlation of the exotic-pollen curves to data from the mainland. The pollen stratigraphies from all sites can be divided into three zones, where the middle zone, dating from 7000 to 2000 BP, corresponds to the warmest time. Although both the first and third zones correspond to cooler periods, the vegetation of the earliest zone was not identical to that of the latest, indicated by lower frequencies of key pollen types such as those of Dryas and Saxifraga.Key words: Banks Island, Holocene, pollen diagram, Arctic, paleoecology, Quaternary.

Download Full-text