Senecio repangae(Asteraceae): A new endemic species from the north‐eastern North Island, New Zealand

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. De Lang ◽  
B. G. Murray
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern

Phylogeography and species delimitation in the New Zealand endemic, genetically hypervariable harvestman species, Aoraki denticulata (Arachnida, Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi)

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Fernández ◽  
Gonzalo Giribet
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Genetic Connectivity ◽  
The North ◽  
Geographic Structure ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
History Of ◽  
Complex Scenario

Aoraki denticulata, a widespread mite harvestman endemic to the NW South Island of New Zealand, was postulated to constitute an old lineage with deep genetic history. Expanding on previous studies, we explored its genetic diversity and population structure, phylogeography and diversification patterns. We also examined the systematic implications of such a complex scenario through species delimitation analyses under coalescent-based and barcoding gap discovery methodologies. Our results depict the deep evolutionary history of the A. denticulata lineage, which shows high geographic structure and low genetic connectivity among modern populations. Aoraki denticulata is further subdivided into three lineages: a lineage presently inhabiting the northern region of the Southern Alps (and including the subspecies A. d. major), a second lineage in the north-eastern part of the sampled land, and a third one occupying the south-eastern localities. When using species delimitation methods based on coalescence approaches, large numbers of cryptic species were estimated. Based on morphological and biological evidence, we thus argue that these methods may overestimate species in cases in which genetic divergence is unusually large and discuss the systematic implications of our findings.

Geological history of the north-eastern ring plain of Ruapehu volcano, New Zealand

1996 ◽  
Vol 34-36 ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane J. Cronin ◽  
Vincent E. Neall ◽  
Alan S. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Geological History ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ruapehu Volcano

Characterising the 2002 toxic Karenia concordia (Dinophyceae) outbreak and its development using satellite imagery on the north-eastern coast of New Zealand

Harmful Algae ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 532-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Hoe Chang ◽  
Michael J. Uddstrom ◽  
Matt H. Pinkerton ◽  
Ken M. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern

scholarly journals The responses of New Zealand's arboreal forest birds to invasive mammal control

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Iona Fea
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Control Operation ◽  
Forest Bird ◽  
Bird Populations ◽  
The North ◽  
Ship Rat ◽  
Mammalian Predators ◽  
Invasive Mammals

<p>Introduced mammalian predators are responsible for over half of contemporary extinctions and declines of birds. Endemic bird species on islands are particularly vulnerable to invasions of mammalian predators. The native bird species that remain in New Zealand forests continue to be threatened by predation from invasive mammals, with brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) ship rats (Rattus rattus) and stoats (Mustela erminea) identified as the primary agents responsible for their ongoing decline. Extensive efforts to suppress these pests across New Zealand’s forests have created "management experiments" with potential to provide insights into the ecological forces structuring forest bird communities. To understand the effects of invasive mammals on birds, I studied responses of New Zealand bird species at different temporal and spatial scales to different intensities of control and residual densities of mammals.  In my first empirical chapter (Chapter 2), I present two meta-analyses of bird responses to invasive mammal control. I collate data from biodiversity projects across New Zealand where long-term monitoring of arboreal bird species was undertaken. The projects cover a range of treatments including fenced sanctuaries, offshore islands, forests treated periodically and sites lacking significant mammal control. I found that New Zealand bird species exhibit complex responses to the varied and sustained management effort that has occurred across New Zealand’s landscape in the last fifty years. Some species show significant positive outcomes to control, notably the larger endemic species, while others, including highly endemic species, consistently decline after control.  In Chapter 3, I estimate the responses of bird populations in the central New Zealand region to changes in ship rat densities. I collaborated with scientists from the Department of Conservation (DOC) and Greater Wellington Regional Council and collated biodiversity data from four restoration projects located across the central New Zealand region. I constructed multiple density impact functions (DIFs), where the effect of a change in density of a pest on a valued resource is quantified, to describe the impacts of ship rat population dynamics on native bird populations. These responses were then modelled in a meta-analysis to provide overall effects for bird populations when rat abundance increases. I identified two taxa that exhibit significant negative responses across the region: the native parakeet species (Cyanoramphus spp.) and the tomtit (Petroica macrocephala). Evidence from single projects also showed that two other species were negatively affected by increases in rats: the South Island kaka (Nestor meridionalis) and the North Island rifleman (Acanthisitta chloris). Conversely, populations of the recently introduced silvereye (Zosterops lateralis) were resilient to rat population recovery as silvereye counts significantly increased the year after an increase in ship rat populations was observed.  In Chapter 4, I monitored bird species through a 1080 mammal-control operation in the southern Wairarapa. This operation coincided with a heavy beech mast, an irruptive event that occurs every 2-6 years. Most likely because of the abundance of seed, suppression of ship rats and possums appeared to be short-lived, and detections of these two mammals returned to pre-control levels within one and two years, respectively. Short-term responses of native birds to the control operation were positive: initially, for the small-medium sized bird species (i.e. the bellbird (Anthornis melanura), rifleman, tomtit, and tui (Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae) with a delayed positive response of the largest species 2.5 years after control (the New Zealand pigeon (Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae).  In my final data chapter, I focus on the nesting outcomes of a common endemic species, the North Island fantail (Rhipidura fuliginosa placabilis), to different densities of ship rats. Through intensive monitoring of over 100 fantail nests, I estimated the outcomes of nesting attempts and formulated a DIF where nesting success was modelled as a function of the abundance of ship rats at the nest micro-site. Nesting attempts suffered higher failure rates at sites with higher rat abundance however, in this study I also identified a feature of nest placement that apparently limits predation from mammals. Nests placed on thinner branches were more likely to survive rat predation, a neat trick that perhaps only the smallest of birds can manage.  My thesis identifies some species as particularly vulnerable to invasive mammalian predation while others are more resilient. Understanding resilience and vulnerability in New Zealand’s bird species sheds light on historical extinctions and the processes that continue to mould New Zealand's avifauna. I quantified responses of New Zealand forest bird species, to different levels of invasive mammal management and residual densities of mammals, with consideration of climate and forest productivity. These estimates could be applied by conservation managers to more effectively gauge future threats to native avifauna according to the attributes of bird species and present and future management scenarios.</p>

Review of fossil penguins from Seymour Island

1971 ◽  
Vol 178 (1053) ◽  
pp. 357-387 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Early Oligocene ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Early Late ◽  
Seymour Island

Two collections of fossil penguins have been made from Seymour Island, off the north-eastern end of the Antarctic Peninsula, one by a Swedish expedition in 1901-1903 and the other by a British expedition in 1946. The age has usually been considered early Miocene but is probably earlier, late Eocene now seeming most likely but still uncertain. Wiman in 1905 based six then new generic and specific names on the Swedish collection Anthropornis nordenskjoeldii and Delphinornis larsenii are considered valid. Pachypteryx grandis is a valid species but is transferred to Anthropornis. Eosphaeniscus gunnari is a valid species transferred to Palaeeudyptes , a genus otherwise known from New Zealand and Australia. Orthopteryx gigas and Ichtyopteryx gracilis are considered essentially indeterminate, as are two groups of bones not named by Wiman. Marples named genus and species Notodyptes wimani from the British collection. The species is accepted but transferred to the New Zealand genus Archaeospheniscus. Wimanornis seymourensis , new genus and species, is based on a British specimen. This penguin fauna is essentially similar to the early (late Eocene and early Oligocene) faunas known from New Zealand. In the probable absence of species in common, geographic proximity is not indicated. The ecological similarity and some indirect evidence suggest that despite the presence of relative gigantism these penguins lived in considerably warmer waters than those of the present Antarctic coast.

The genus Mecodema Blanchard 1853 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Broscini) from the North Island, New Zealand

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4598 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID S. SELDON F.L.S. ◽  
THOMAS R. BUCKLEY
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Pitfall Trapping ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Island Species ◽  
Taxonomic Framework ◽  
Species Descriptions

Mecodema (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Broscini) is a hyperdiverse endemic New Zealand genus of ground beetles with only a few geographically widespread species found throughout the two main islands, as well as many offshore islands. Using specimens from a number of private and institutional collections, in addition new specimens were acquired by extensive pitfall trapping, we describe or redescribe all of the known North Island Mecodema species. Additionally, we redescribe three South Island species from the former genus Metaglymma, as morphological evidence shows that these species are nested within Mecodema. Species descriptions are formed by using 128 morphological characters, which include external characters, as well as both male and female internal structures. There are four new combinations: Mecodema antarctica comb. n., M. aberrans comb. n., M. moniliferum comb. n. and M. tibiale comb. n. We synonymise M. occiputale under Mecodema curvidens, and M. sulcatum under Mecodema oblongum, and reinstate M. scitulum Broun (northwest Hunua Range, Auckland). Twenty four new species are described: Mecodema argentum sp. n., M. atuanui sp. n., M. dunnorum sp. n., M. genesispotini sp. n., M. godzilla sp. n., M. jacinda sp. n., M. kipjac sp. n., M. kokoroiho sp. n., M. mohi sp. n., M. ngaiatonga sp. n., M. ngaitahuhu sp. n., M. papake sp. n., M. perexiguus sp. n., M. rusticulus sp. n., M. temata sp. n., M. teparawhau sp. n., M. teroroa sp. n., M. tewhara sp. n., M. tuhoe sp. n., M. undecimus sp. n., M. wharekahika sp. n., M. xylanthrax sp. n., M. yconomus sp. n., M. zonula sp. n. North Island regional species endemism is very high in Northland (15/16 endemic species), with species becoming more widespread in the southern regions, e.g. Wellington only has two endemic species from a total of eight species. This research increases the total number of described Mecodema species to 102, and will allow a modern taxonomic framework for completion of the revision of the South Island species.

scholarly journals The responses of New Zealand's arboreal forest birds to invasive mammal control

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Iona Fea
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Control Operation ◽  
Forest Bird ◽  
Bird Populations ◽  
The North ◽  
Ship Rat ◽  
Mammalian Predators ◽  
Invasive Mammals

<p>Introduced mammalian predators are responsible for over half of contemporary extinctions and declines of birds. Endemic bird species on islands are particularly vulnerable to invasions of mammalian predators. The native bird species that remain in New Zealand forests continue to be threatened by predation from invasive mammals, with brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) ship rats (Rattus rattus) and stoats (Mustela erminea) identified as the primary agents responsible for their ongoing decline. Extensive efforts to suppress these pests across New Zealand’s forests have created "management experiments" with potential to provide insights into the ecological forces structuring forest bird communities. To understand the effects of invasive mammals on birds, I studied responses of New Zealand bird species at different temporal and spatial scales to different intensities of control and residual densities of mammals.  In my first empirical chapter (Chapter 2), I present two meta-analyses of bird responses to invasive mammal control. I collate data from biodiversity projects across New Zealand where long-term monitoring of arboreal bird species was undertaken. The projects cover a range of treatments including fenced sanctuaries, offshore islands, forests treated periodically and sites lacking significant mammal control. I found that New Zealand bird species exhibit complex responses to the varied and sustained management effort that has occurred across New Zealand’s landscape in the last fifty years. Some species show significant positive outcomes to control, notably the larger endemic species, while others, including highly endemic species, consistently decline after control.  In Chapter 3, I estimate the responses of bird populations in the central New Zealand region to changes in ship rat densities. I collaborated with scientists from the Department of Conservation (DOC) and Greater Wellington Regional Council and collated biodiversity data from four restoration projects located across the central New Zealand region. I constructed multiple density impact functions (DIFs), where the effect of a change in density of a pest on a valued resource is quantified, to describe the impacts of ship rat population dynamics on native bird populations. These responses were then modelled in a meta-analysis to provide overall effects for bird populations when rat abundance increases. I identified two taxa that exhibit significant negative responses across the region: the native parakeet species (Cyanoramphus spp.) and the tomtit (Petroica macrocephala). Evidence from single projects also showed that two other species were negatively affected by increases in rats: the South Island kaka (Nestor meridionalis) and the North Island rifleman (Acanthisitta chloris). Conversely, populations of the recently introduced silvereye (Zosterops lateralis) were resilient to rat population recovery as silvereye counts significantly increased the year after an increase in ship rat populations was observed.  In Chapter 4, I monitored bird species through a 1080 mammal-control operation in the southern Wairarapa. This operation coincided with a heavy beech mast, an irruptive event that occurs every 2-6 years. Most likely because of the abundance of seed, suppression of ship rats and possums appeared to be short-lived, and detections of these two mammals returned to pre-control levels within one and two years, respectively. Short-term responses of native birds to the control operation were positive: initially, for the small-medium sized bird species (i.e. the bellbird (Anthornis melanura), rifleman, tomtit, and tui (Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae) with a delayed positive response of the largest species 2.5 years after control (the New Zealand pigeon (Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae).  In my final data chapter, I focus on the nesting outcomes of a common endemic species, the North Island fantail (Rhipidura fuliginosa placabilis), to different densities of ship rats. Through intensive monitoring of over 100 fantail nests, I estimated the outcomes of nesting attempts and formulated a DIF where nesting success was modelled as a function of the abundance of ship rats at the nest micro-site. Nesting attempts suffered higher failure rates at sites with higher rat abundance however, in this study I also identified a feature of nest placement that apparently limits predation from mammals. Nests placed on thinner branches were more likely to survive rat predation, a neat trick that perhaps only the smallest of birds can manage.  My thesis identifies some species as particularly vulnerable to invasive mammalian predation while others are more resilient. Understanding resilience and vulnerability in New Zealand’s bird species sheds light on historical extinctions and the processes that continue to mould New Zealand's avifauna. I quantified responses of New Zealand forest bird species, to different levels of invasive mammal management and residual densities of mammals, with consideration of climate and forest productivity. These estimates could be applied by conservation managers to more effectively gauge future threats to native avifauna according to the attributes of bird species and present and future management scenarios.</p>

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