Host range, host specificity, regional host preferences and genetic variability of Korthalsella Tiegh. (Viscaceae) mistletoes in New Zealand

Diverse gene products including phytotoxins, pathogen-associated molecular patterns, and type III secreted effectors influence interactions between Pseudomonas syringae strains and plants, with additional yet uncharacterized factors likely contributing as well. Of particular interest are those interactions governing pathogen-host specificity. Comparative genomics of closely related pathogens with different host specificity represents an excellent approach for identification of genes contributing to host-range determination. A draft genome sequence of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato T1, which is pathogenic on tomato but nonpathogenic on Arabidopsis thaliana, was obtained for this purpose and compared with the genome of the closely related A. thaliana and tomato model pathogen P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000. Although the overall genetic content of each of the two genomes appears to be highly similar, the repertoire of effectors was found to diverge significantly. Several P. syringae pv. tomato T1 effectors absent from strain DC3000 were confirmed to be translocated into plants, with the well-studied effector AvrRpt2 representing a likely candidate for host-range determination. However, the presence of avrRpt2 was not found sufficient to explain A. thaliana resistance to P. syringae pv. tomato T1, suggesting that other effectors and possibly type III secretion system–independent factors also play a role in this interaction.

Download Full-text

The effects on genetic variability following a recent colonization event: the Australian sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina arrives in New Zealand

Molecular Ecology ◽

10.1111/j.1365-294x.1995.tb00270.x ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 699-708 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

D. M. GLEESON

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Genetic Variability ◽

Lucilia Cuprina ◽

Colonization Event ◽

Australian Sheep

Download Full-text

Safety in New Zealand weed biocontrol a nationwide pathogen survey for impacts on nontarget plants

New Zealand Plant Protection ◽

10.30843/nzpp.2009.62.4804 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 62 ◽

pp. 41-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

N.W. Waipara ◽

J. Barton ◽

L.A. Smith ◽

H.M. Harman ◽

C.J. Winks ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Host Range ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Research Programme ◽

Disease Symptoms ◽

Weed Biocontrol ◽

Disease Surveys ◽

Rubus Species ◽

Disease Damage ◽

Range Testing

The accuracy of host range testing in weed biocontrol programmes using plant pathogens has been questioned prompting a research programme into the field safety record of pathogens used for weed biocontrol in New Zealand Nationwide disease surveys were conducted from 20002009 and focused on species closely related to target weeds and therefore potentially most at risk of attack These surveys identified pathogens associated with any disease symptoms observed on nontarget hosts Disease damage attributable to biocontrol agents was observed on two nontarget plants Pustules of the blackberry rust Phragmidium violaceum were found on the endemic Rubus species R cissoides (bush lawyer tataramoa) at one location This result was predicted from host range safety tests conducted prior to its arrival in New Zealand No nontarget damage was observed in the remaining case studies confirming to date that all biocontrol pathogens are highly host specific to their target weeds

Download Full-text

Host Range, Release, and Establishment of Sericothrips staphylinus Haliday (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) as a Biological Control Agent for Gorse, Ulex europaeus L. (Fabaceae), in New Zealand and Hawaii

Biological Control ◽

10.1006/bcon.2000.0917 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 63-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

R.L Hill ◽

G.P Markin ◽

A.H Gourlay ◽

S.V Fowler ◽

E Yoshioka

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

New Zealand ◽

Host Range ◽

Biological Control Agent ◽

Control Agent ◽

Ulex Europaeus

Download Full-text

Ecological release in lizard endoparasites from the Atlantic Forest, northeast of the Neotropical Region

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182020000025 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 147 (4) ◽

pp. 491-500

Author(s):

Adonias A. Martins Teixeira ◽

Pablo Riul ◽

Samuel Vieira Brito ◽

João A. Araujo-Filho ◽

Diêgo Alves Teles ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Host Range ◽

Host Specificity ◽

Atlantic Forest ◽

Positive Relationship ◽

Niche Breadth ◽

Neotropical Region ◽

Parasite Abundance ◽

Ecological Release ◽

Parasite Richness

AbstractWe compared lizard endoparasite assemblages between the Atlantic Forest and naturally isolated forest enclaves to test the ecological release hypothesis, which predicts that host specificity should be lower (large niche breadth) and parasite abundance should be greater for parasites from isolated forest enclaves (poor assemblages) than for parasites from the coastal Atlantic Forest (rich assemblages). Parasite richness per specimen showed no difference between the isolated and non-isolated areas. Parasite abundance did not differ between the isolated and non-isolated areas but showed a positive relationship with parasite richness considering all areas (isolated and non-isolated). Furthermore, host specificity was positively related to parasite richness. Considering that host specificity is inversely proportional to the host range infected by a parasite, our results indicate that in assemblages with greater parasite richness, parasites tend to infect a smaller range of hosts than do those in simple assemblages. In summary, our study partially supports the ecological release hypothesis: in assemblages with greater parasite richness, lizard parasites from Atlantic Forest are able to increase their parasite abundance (per host), possibly through facilitated infection; however, the amplitude of infected hosts only expands in poor assemblages (lower parasite richness).

Download Full-text