scholarly journals Safety in New Zealand weed biocontrol a nationwide pathogen survey for impacts on nontarget plants

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.W. Waipara ◽  
J. Barton ◽  
L.A. Smith ◽  
H.M. Harman ◽  
C.J. Winks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Weed Biocontrol ◽  
Disease Surveys ◽  
Rubus Species ◽  
Disease Damage ◽  
Range Testing

The accuracy of host range testing in weed biocontrol programmes using plant pathogens has been questioned prompting a research programme into the field safety record of pathogens used for weed biocontrol in New Zealand Nationwide disease surveys were conducted from 20002009 and focused on species closely related to target weeds and therefore potentially most at risk of attack These surveys identified pathogens associated with any disease symptoms observed on nontarget hosts Disease damage attributable to biocontrol agents was observed on two nontarget plants Pustules of the blackberry rust Phragmidium violaceum were found on the endemic Rubus species R cissoides (bush lawyer tataramoa) at one location This result was predicted from host range safety tests conducted prior to its arrival in New Zealand No nontarget damage was observed in the remaining case studies confirming to date that all biocontrol pathogens are highly host specific to their target weeds

scholarly journals Selecting potential nontarget species for host range testing of Eadya paropsidis

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 179-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.M. Withers ◽  
G.R. Allen ◽  
C.A.M. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Weed Biological Control ◽  
Species List ◽  
Nontarget Species ◽  
Range Testing

Classical biological control is proposed for Paropsis charybdis (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Chrysomelinae) a eucalypt pest established in New Zealand The Australian solitary larval endoparasitoid Eadya paropsidis (Hymenoptera Braconidae) is under investigation A potential nontarget species list was compiled for host range testing There are no endemic species of paropsines in the New Zealand fauna only invasive pest beetles The most closely related endemic beetles to the paropsines are Chrysomelinae in the genera Allocharis Aphilon Caccomolpus Chalcolampra and Cyrtonogetus Little is known about these species New Zealand has also introduced 12 beneficial chrysomelid weed biological control agents which include Chrysomelinae and their sister group the Galerucinae One endemic beetle six beneficial beetles and two pest beetles are listed as the highest priority species for host specificity testing

scholarly journals The methodology for assessing the host range of a potential paropsine parasitoid Eadya paropsidis (Braconidae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 327-327
Author(s):  
T.M. Withers ◽  
G.R. Allen ◽  
A.R. Pugh
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
Nontarget Species ◽  
Range Testing ◽  
Type 3

Classical biological control is being attempted for Paropsis charybdis (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Chrysomelinae) an Australian eucalypt pest established in New Zealand The Australian solitary larval endoparasitoid Eadya paropsidis (Hymenoptera Braconidae) is under investigation Leaffeeding larvae of closelyrelated chrysomelid nontarget species for host range testing were examined against E paropsidis using various assays Detailed behavioural observations of E paropsidis were undertaken during 1) Nochoice sequential assays of the AB alternating with BA type (where A is the target P charybdis and B is the nontarget species); and 2) Twochoice assays of the AB type 3) In addition groups of nontarget larvae were exposed to E paropsidis under nochoice conditions for 24 hours then reared for survival to ascertain the physiological development of any parasitoid lifestages In all cases survival and development parameters of nontargets species were compared to the target P charybdis

scholarly journals A survey of subtropical nursery plants for fungal diseases in Northland

2006 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 132-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Braithwaite ◽  
C.F. Hill ◽  
S. Ganev ◽  
J.M. Pay ◽  
H.G. Pearson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
New Host ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
First Time

During 2003 and 2004 fortyfive randomly selected wholesale and retail plant nurseries were surveyed for plant diseases The plant families Agavaceae Annonaceae Arecaceae Bromeliaceae Cycadaceae and Musaceae were targeted Plants were examined in situ for disease symptoms as well as samples being collected for laboratory analyses Fungi were identified using morphological characteristics and where necessary with molecular techniques The survey resulted in a range of fungi being identified from the target plants These fungi ranged from saprophytes to plant pathogens some of which may have undesirable effects on New Zealands biodiversity or economy Many new host/pathogen records were observed and several fungi were detected for the first time in New Zealand This paper presents and discusses the results of these findings

scholarly journals Potential use of electrical penetration graph (EPG) technology for biosecurity incursion response decision making

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R.M. Sandanayaka ◽  
J.G. Charles ◽  
K.J. Froud
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Electrical Penetration Graph ◽  
Epg Technique ◽  
Range Testing ◽  
Response Decision ◽  
Feeding Behaviours

Sap-sucking insects pose a significant biosecurity risk as they can cause direct damage to plants and may also vector serious plant pathogens. However, there is a paucity of tools for rapidly estimating the host range of such insects during a biosecurity incursion. The Electrical Penetration Graph (EPG) technique has been developed over the past 50 years for analysing, quantifying, and comparing the feeding behaviours of both phloem and xylem sap-sucking insects. Electrically generated waveforms associated with insects’ probing and feeding behaviours may allow a rapid assessment of the potential host range of invading sap sucking insects. This paper reviews the development and use of EPG, assesses potential for host-range testing of recent incursions, analyses when and how the EPG tool could be applied for response, and identifies seven points where EPG could aid biosecurity incursion response decision making. Three recent biosecurity responses could have benefited from EPG.

scholarly journals Nontarget species selection for host range testing of Cotesia urabae

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 168-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Berndt ◽  
T.M. Withers ◽  
S. Mansfield ◽  
R.J.B. Hoare
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Species List ◽  
Tyria Jacobaeae ◽  
Nontarget Species ◽  
Range Testing

Classical biological control is being attempted for Uraba lugens (Lepidoptera Noctuidae Nolinae) an Australian eucalypt pest established in New Zealand The Australian solitary larval endoparasitoid Cotesia urabae (Hymenoptera Braconidae) is the most promising agent under investigation A nontarget species list was compiled for host range testing The endemic species Celama parvitis is the sole New Zealand representative of the Nolinae and was highest priority The next most closely related subfamily is the Arctiinae of which New Zealand has four endemic species (Metacrias huttoni M erichrysa M strategica and Nyctemera annulata) and one introduced biological control agent (Tyria jacobaeae) The merits of including other more distantly related members of the Noctuidae and unrelated Lepidoptera filling a similar niche are discussed

Automatic Milking Systems: an option to address the labour shortage on New Zealand dairy farms?

2002 ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
J.G. Jago ◽  
M.W. Woolford
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Labour Shortage ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Automatic Milking Systems

There is a growing shortage of labour within the dairy industry. To address this the industry needs to attract more people and/or reduce the labour requirements on dairy farms. Current milk harvesting techniques contribute to both the labour requirements and the current labour shortage within the industry as the process is labour-intensive and necessitates long and unsociable working hours. Automated milking systems (AMS) have been in operation, albeit on a small scale, on commercial farms in Europe for a decade and may have the potential to address labour issues within the New Zealand dairy industry. A research programme has been established (The Greenfield Project) which aims to determine the feasibility of automated milking under New Zealand dairying conditions. A Fullwoods MERLIN AMS has been installed on a protoype farmlet and is successfully milking a small herd of 41 cows. Progress from the prototype Greenfields system offers considerable potential for implementing AMS in extensive grazing systems. Keywords: automated milking systems, dairy cattle, grazing, labour

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document