Causal Principles, Degrees of Reality, and the Priority of the Infinite

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-81
Author(s):  
Georgette Sinkler
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Cosmological Argument ◽  
Objective Reality ◽  
The Third ◽  
Formal Reality ◽  
Made In ◽  
Idea Of God

Descartes’ version of the Cosmological Argument in the Third Meditation is usually considered a failure, not because its conclusion doesn't follow from its premises, but because the truth of two of its premises is doubtful. One of these premises is that the objective reality of an idea is derived from a cause in which there is at least as much formal reality; the other, that only a being that possesses the qualities normally attributed to God could be responsible for the idea of God. Typically there are two objections made in response to the first of these premises. First, we don't understand the concepts of formal and objective reality well enough to know whether or not the premise commands our assent.

Cosimo Bartoli on music

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 37-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Haar
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Made In

To students of sixteenth-century music the Florentine man of letters Cosimo Bartoli (1503–72) is known chiefly for two statements made in the third dialogue of his Ragionamenti Accademici. One is a comparison of sculptors and musicians, with Donatello and Ockeghem seen as precursors of Michelangelo and Josquin. The other is an encomium of Verdelot, called the greatest composer after Josquin, to which is added the name of Arcadelt who ‘faithfully trod in the footsteps of Verdelot’. A number of musicologists have noticed that Bartoli had quite a lot more than this to say about music, and have cited other remarks from his work; but no one has to my knowledge dealt with the whole of the musical section of the Ragionamenti, and only Bartoli's recent and very excellent biographer Judith Bryce has spoken of the subject in the context of its author's career and personality.

scholarly journals The Improvement of Poor Pastures

1905 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. Middleton
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
Light Soil ◽  
Made In

1. The results of six experiments in the manuring of poor pastures are described. The experiments were made in the counties of Northumberland, Northampton, Cambridge, Essex, Norfolk, and Hants. The results are given for a period of three years at all stations (except Norfolk, two years), and for two further periods of three and two years at the Northumberland station.2. In Norfolk on a light soil a potash manure slightly improved the pasture; the other manures had no influence on the yield. At the remaining five stations on heavy soils phosphatic manures produced highly profitable returns. In the first period, the use of other manures was not justified by the results. Where, however, the experiment was continued for eight years, lime proved profitable in the second, and potash in the third period. Under the special conditions of the experiment nitrogenous manures were either injurious or but very slightly increased the yield.

scholarly journals Al-Ghazālī and Descartes on Defeating Skepticism

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 133-148
Author(s):  
Saja Parvizian ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Natural Light ◽  
Cosmological Argument ◽  
Existence Of God ◽  
Divine Intervention ◽  
The Third ◽  
Meditations On First Philosophy ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
Key Features

Commentators have noticed the striking similarities between the skep­tical arguments of al-Ghazālī’s Deliverance from Error and Descartes’ Discourse on Method and Meditations on First Philosophy. However, commentators agree that their solutions to skepticism are radically different. Al-Ghazālī does not use rational proofs to defeat skepticism; rather, he relies on a supernatural light [nūr] sent by God to rescue him from skepticism. Descartes, on the other hand, relies on the natural light of reason [lumen naturale] to prove the existence of God, mind, and body. In this paper, I argue that Descartes’ solution is closer to al-Ghazālī’s than commentators have allowed. A close reading of the cosmological argument of the Third Meditation reveals that there is also a type of divine intervention em­ployed in the Meditations, which helps Descartes defeat skepticism. This reading may buttress the case made by some that al-Ghazālī influenced Descartes; but more importantly, it requires us to rethink key features of Descartes’ epistemology.

CYTOTAXONOMIC STUDIES IN THE GENUS ANEMONE

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Heimburger
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Morphology ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
Current Classification ◽  
Chromosome Ii ◽  
Chromosome I ◽  
Made In ◽  
Orderly Arrangement

Chromosome morphology has been described in 20 species of Anemone s. lat. (Anemone s. str. 15 species, Pulsatilla 3, Hepatica 2). Two series, one based on 8 chromosomes and the other on 7, are present, in each of which two patterns can be recognized when an orderly arrangement of the chromosomes has been made. In the 8-chromosome series, the distinctions are based on differences in the arm ratio of chromosome IV, namely ratios of about 1:2 versus 1:1.4–1.8. Species in the first group include A. palmata, 2n = 16; A. parviflora, 2n = 16; A. caroliniana, 2n = 16; A. silvestris, 2n = 16; A. virginiana–riparia–cylindrica complex, (all 2n = 16); A. quinquefolia, 2n = 32; and species in the second group are A. pavonina, 2n = 16; A. coronaria, 2n = 16; A. hupehensis, 2n = 16; A. rivularis, 2n = 16; A. rupicola, 2n = 16; Pulsatilla pratensis, 2n = 16; P. nuttalliana ssp., 2n = 16; and P. occidentalis, 2n = 16. A. multifida, 2n = 32, has one chromosome set in each of the above groups. The 7-chromosome series falls into two groups on the basis of a combination of characters. Group one: long arms of chromosome I shorter than those of the longest chromosomes, long arms of chromosome II longer than those of the third pair, and arm ratios in chromosome II of 1.4–1.6. Group two: long arms of chromosome I longer than those of all others, long arms of chromosome II shorter than any of the others, arm ratios in chromosome II < 1:1.4. Species in the first group are Anemone canadensis, 2n = 14; A. richardsonii, 2n = 14; and A. fasciculata, 2n = 14; and in the second group, Hepatica americana, 2n = 14; and H. acutiloba, 2n = 14. Anemone multifida and A. quinquefolia are recognized as allotetraploids. The cytological results are discussed in relation to current classification.

scholarly journals Probability likelihood and quantity of information in the logic of uncertain inference

1934 ◽  
Vol 146 (856) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Distribution ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Continuous Distribution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Uncertain Inference ◽  
The Third ◽  
Independent Observations ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Made In

In a previous paper H. Jeffreys put forward a method of obtaining the distribution a priori of the precision constant of a hypothetical normal distribution, by means of the principle that if three independent observations are made in succession, from a continuous distribution of any form, the probability that the third observation shall fall between the first two must be one-third (p. 48): "Two measures are made. What is the probability that the third observation will lie between them? The answer is easily seen to be one-third." This proposition, in the form in which Jeffreys states it as the foundation for his deductions, is ambiguous, and may bear one of two distinct meanings, one true and the other demonstrably false. The proposition may mean.

scholarly journals Students’ Morphological Errors in Writing Recount Text at Muhammadiyah University of Metro

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fitri Palupi Kusumawati
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
The Other ◽  
Global Error ◽  
Local Error ◽  
The Third ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Made In ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

The objectives of this research are to find out the kinds of students’ morphological error in writing recount text and to find out the difficulties faced by the student in writing recount text. This research is a descriptive qualitative. It means this study focused to describe and analyze the students’ error. Based on the result that mentioned previously, the researcher found that the number of students’ omission and misformation errors are high. The highest students’ errors made in misformation are about 51, 19 %.  Most of the students used wrong form of morphological in their writing. The second is the students errors made in omission are around 32, 74 %.The students not adding bound morpheme, they omit the necessary item in their sentences. The third, the students made errors in addition and misordering are about 13, 69 % and 2, 38 %. The students add unnecessary item and put incorrect placement of morpheme in their writing. On the other hand, according to table 4.2 the researcher conclude that the number of error is five or 31, 25 % students made error in global error and 11or 68, 75 % students made in local error. Key Words: Morphological errors, students’ writing

scholarly journals Organizational Field And Institutional Pillars: understanding the pesticide field in Brazil and India ## Campo Organizacional e Pilares Institucionais: discussão para entender o campo dos pesticidas no Brasil e Índia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Echevenguá Borges ◽  
Carolina Pantuza Vilar dos Santos ◽  
Ivan Beck Ckagnazaroff
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Third Sector ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Family Farmers ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Government ◽  
Made In

Este texto teve como objetivo discutir conceitos que constituem e atravessam a teoria institucional de modo a construir uma epistemologia estruturalista que possa oferecer subsídios para futuros pesquisadores que desejem estudar a evolução do campo de pesticidas no Brasil e na Índia. Especificamente, delineamos os conceitos campo organizacional e pilares institucionais para propor uma agenda de pesquisa que busque investigar conflitos e ações de multinacionais do agronegócio, políticos, agricultores familiares, agricultores pequenos, médios e grande porte, pesquisadores de diferentes áreas e organizações do terceiro setor a fim de legitimar suas definições sobre os pesticidas. Isso é importante, pois, de um lado, os pesquisadores da área da saúde poderiam definir os pesticidas como prejudiciais à saúde humana, sugerindo, assim, que o governo proíba sua comercialização. Por outro, com o objetivo de sensibilizar os políticos e a sociedade, as multinacionais do agronegócio poderiam definir os pesticidas como tecnologias fundamentais para proporcionar alta produtividade e segurança alimentar à população.ABSTRACTThis paper aimed to discuss concepts that constitute and traverse institutional theory, so as to build a structuralist epistemology that might offer support to future researchers that intend to study the evolution of the pesticide fi eld in Brazil and India. Specifically, we defi ned the concepts of organizational fi eld and institutional pillars. This was made in order to propose a research agenda that seeks to investigate conflicts and actions taken by agribusiness multinationals, politicians, family farmers, small, medium and large agriculturists, researchers from different fields and organizations of the third sector, thus legitimizing their definitions about the pesticides. This is important because health researchers could define them as harmful to human health, thus suggesting that the government should forbid their commercialization. On the other hand, aiming at sensitizing politicians and society, agribusiness multinationals could define pesticides as fundamental technologies for providing high productivity and food safety to the population.

A Fifteenth-Century Description of the Brass of Sir Hugh Hastings at Elsing, Norfolk

1939 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-428
Author(s):  
Anthony R. Wagner ◽  
James G. Mann
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Third ◽  
Public Record ◽  
Official Records ◽  
Made In

It has been often stated that the early records of the Court of Chivalry or Court of the Constable and Marshal are lost, and this is in the main true. More, however, by accident than care, as it seems, full records of proceedings in three great medieval ‘Pleas of Arms’ tried in the Court have been preserved. Those of two of the three, namely, Scrope versus Grosvenor, 1385–90, and Lovell versus Morley, 1386–95, are among the Chancery Miscellanea in the Public Record Office and are contemporary if not official records. For the third case, Grey versus Hastings, 1407–17, we have to rely on two relatively modern transcripts of an ancient register of which the present whereabouts, if indeed it still exists, is not now known. Both these two transcripts are at the College of Arms. The older, made in 1582 and 1583 by Robert Glover, Somerset Herald, from the original then in the hands of Henry, earl of Kent, the heir of Lord Grey of Ruthin, plaintiff in the suit, is contained in a volume labelled ‘Philpot, P.e. No. 1’. This was printed privately in 1841, at the expense of Lord Hastings, by Charles George Young, York Herald (afterwards Garter) with some illustrative matter as ‘An account of the controversy between Reginald Lord Grey of Ruthyn and Sir Edward Hastings, in the Court of Chivalry, in the reign of King Henry IIII’. This transcript, however, on its own showing (cf. p. 29 of Young's edition) omits many of the depositions, while upon comparison with the other it proves to contain only quite a small proportion of the whole contents of the original.

scholarly journals A new case of late-acting self-incompatibility in Capparis L. (Brassicaceae): C. jacobinae Moric. ex Eichler, an endemic andromonoecious species of the Caatinga, Pernambuco State, Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 764-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Miguel Primo ◽  
Isabel Cristina Machado
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Pollen Tube Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tube Growth ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
The Third ◽  
Hand Pollination ◽  
Incompatibility System ◽  
Made In

We studied the reproductive system of Capparis jacobinae Moric ex Eichler (Brassicaceae), based on controlled hand-pollination and observation of pollen tube growth made in a fluorescence microscope. Of 105 self-pollinated flowers only one produced fruits (success = 0.95%), all the other flowers abscised at the same time, between the eighth and tenth day after anthesis. Nevertheless, self- and cross-pollinated pollen tubes reached the micropyle. The rate of penetrated ovules in self-pollinated flowers was lower during the first 24 h after pollination; thereafter this rate was similar between self- and cross-pollinated flowers for treatments of 48 h, 72 h and 96 h after pollination. In addition, we carried out two indirect estimates of the reproductive system, based on pollen/ovule and seed/ovule ratios, which resulted in typical features of xenogamous species. We concluded that C. jacobinae has a late-acting self-incompatibility system. This is the third record of this mechanism for the genus and the first for a species of Capparis endemic to the Caatinga. We suggest that this self-incompatibility system may occur in other species of the same genus and family.

scholarly journals Incubation at raised temperature of enrichment media, combined with secondary enrichment in Rappaport's medium, for the isolation of salmonellas from sewage

1975 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Trichopoulos ◽  
J. A. Papadakis ◽  
D. Karalis ◽  
P. Vassiliadis
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Sewage Disposal ◽  
The Third ◽  
Secondary Enrichment ◽  
First Time ◽  
Salmonella Senftenberg ◽  
Made In

SUMMARYA total of 50 duplicate Moore swabs were placed for 2 days, on five different dates, in 9–12 points of the Athens sewage disposal system.Three methods of enrichment were used for the isolation of salmonellas. In the first method, one half of the duplicate swabs was incubated in Muller–Kauffmann's tetrathionate broth at 43° C. for one day. For the second method, a secondary enrichment was carried out in Rappaport's broth, made from the Muller–Kauffmann's broth and for the third method, the other half of the duplicate swab was cultured in Heart Infusion broth at 43° C. for 16–18 hr. after which a secondary enrichment was made in Rappaport's medium.By use of these 3 enrichment procedures, 96% of the swabs were found to be positive for salmonellas. A total of 178 strains were isolated (an average of 3·7 strains per positive swab), belonging to 53 different serotypes (an average of 1·1 different serotypes per positive swab).With the simple enrichment in Muller–Kauffmann's broth, only 72% of the swabs were found positive, and 68 strains of salmonellas belonging to 30 different serotypes were isolated. The secondary enrichment in Rappaport's medium made from the Muller–Kauffmann's broth produced 88% positive samples, and yielded 82 strains belonging to 34 different serotypes. Finally, with the secondary enrichment in Rappaport's broth made from the heart infusion broth, 92% of the swabs were positive and yielded 67 strains of salmonellas belonging to 27 different serotypes.Although the last procedure yielded the greatest number of positive swabs, the method involving secondary enrichment in Rappaport's broth made from Muller–Kauffmann's broth led to the isolation of the greatest number of strains and different serotypes, while the other two procedures were approximately equal in this respect.Of the 178 strains isolated, 110 were recovered only by the procedures involving secondary enrichment in Rappaport's broth. The most frequently isolated serotypes wereSalmonella senftenberg(33 strains),S.typhimuriumincluding var-copenhagen(18 strains),S.poona(11 strains),S.montevideo(10 strains), etc. The following 23 serotypes were isolated for the first time in Greece:S. adelaide, S. alachua, S. allerton, S. binza, S. bobo, S. butantan, S. gnesta, S. goelzau, S. haelsingborg, S. havana, S. hofit, S. ibadan, S. indiana, S. irumu, S. jodhpur, S. nienstedten, S. panama, S. pomona, S. poona, S. reading, S. schwarzengrund, S. stockholm, S. tournai.Moreover, a new serotype,S. athinaiwas described.

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