Testimonial injustice and prescriptive credibility deficits

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 924-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wade Munroe
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Work ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Psychological Literature ◽  
Testimonial Injustice ◽  
Important Notion

AbstractIn light of recent social psychological literature, I expand Miranda Fricker’s important notion of testimonial injustice. A fair portion of Fricker’s account rests on an older paradigm of stereotype and prejudice. Given recent empirical work, I argue for what I dub prescriptive credibility deficits in which a backlash effect leads to the assignment of a diminished level of credibility to persons who act in counter-stereotypic manners, thereby flouting prescriptive stereotypes. The notion of a prescriptive credibility deficit is not merely an interesting conceptual addendum that can be appended to Fricker’s theory without need for further emendation. I develop the wider implications of prescriptive credibility deficits and argue that they pose a challenge to Fricker’s conception of (1) the function of credibility assignments in conversational exchange and (2) how a virtuous listener should respond to the potential threat of a prejudicial stereotype affecting her credibility assignments.

testimonial injustice ‘out here in the projects’ – misrecognising victimhood in the bed intruder meme

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M’Balia Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Stylistic Analysis ◽  
Moral Concern ◽  
Broadcast News ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Youtube Videos ◽  
Testimonial Injustice

In the wake of ‘Black Lives Matter’, this paper examines the concept of testimonial injustice and the prejudicial stances held towards victims that diminishes the credibility of their claims and the social support they receive from the public. To explore this concept, the following work revisits the widely parodied U.S. originating broadcast news report, The Bed Intruder. In the broadcast, victims of a home invasion and attempted rape deliver a public call that outlines the conditions of their victimhood and the potential threat to the community. A rhetorical stylistic analysis of the victims’ testimonial discourse and a thematic analysis of a sample of YouTube videos that reappropriate and parody their discourse are conducted. The analyses highlight the memetic elements of the video parodies that acknowledge the victimisation and yet strategically misconstrue events in ways that 1) render the victims and their claims less credible and 2) fail to provide them with the moral concern such an acknowledgement deserves.

Commitment and Leisure

1988 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boas Shamir
Keyword(s):  
Essential Elements ◽  
Serious Leisure ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Psychological Literature ◽  
Leisure Behavior ◽  
Conceptual Discussion

Previous research indicates that leisure can provide alternatives for unsatisfying or missing jobs only if it is “serious” (Stebbins, 1982). Serious leisure is characterized by commitment on the part of participants. However, the terms commitment and leisure are not easily reconciled. Commitment, which denotes obligation, duty, restriction, and routine, may seem to negate essential elements of leisure such as freedom, individuality, spontaneity, variety, and pleasure. The article offers a conceptual discussion of commitment and its implications for the leisure sphere. Two concepts of commitment are derived from the sociological and social-psychological literature: External commitment and internal commitment, and the article analyzes their relationships with continuance, motivation, satisfaction, involvement, freedom, and routine. The analysis shows that, notwithstanding important differences between committed and uncommitted leisure, the concept of commitment is potentially useful for descriptive and explanatory frameworks of leisure behavior.

Tensions of Social Justice

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith A. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Social Power ◽  
Social Categorization ◽  
September 11 ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Psychological Literature ◽  
Social Inequities ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Interactive Dynamics

The achievement of social justice is vital to the future of human civilization. Debates about social justice are deeply complicated, however, as evident in the range of responses to the events of September 11, 2001. In this essay I trace micro-level phenomena and processes that contribute to understanding social justice and the tensions that surround it. I argue that the Western social contractarian conception of justice does not incorporate the legacies of historical inequities and therefore is less useful than conceptions of justice that emphasize compassion, need, and forgiveness. I review a wide-ranging social psychological literature on social cognitive and social interactive dynamics that both contribute to and could be used to minimize social inequities, emphasizing dynamics of social categorization and ways in which social power shapes the construction and use of social categorization. I argue that the achievement of social justice will require not only institutional interventions but, in the end, that individuals act for justice.

Intergroup commonality, political ideology, and tolerance of enemy collateral casualties in intergroup conflicts

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noa Schori-Eyal ◽  
Eran Halperin ◽  
Tamar Saguy
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Intergroup Conflict ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Psychological Literature ◽  
Beneficial Impact ◽  
Intergroup Conflicts

Despite their pernicious effect on intergroup conflict, collateral casualties are seen as inevitable and justified by many members of the groups involved, particularly those who endorse a right-wing ideology. Drawing on social psychological literature, we examined whether a perception of commonality between in-group and out-group can be beneficial for reducing tolerance to collateral causalities. We hypothesized that viewing the out-group as sharing commonalities with the in-group can reduce processes of out-group delegitimization, which are common among right-wingers in intractable conflicts, and may therefore serve to explain reduction in tolerance to collateral casualties. Three correlational studies were conducted among Jewish-Israelis in the context of the conflict with the Palestinians to test this. In Study 1, right-wing political ideology was associated with stronger support for enemy collateral casualties, and the effect was moderated by perceived intergroup commonality. While leftists were overall non-supportive of collateral casualties, rightists who perceived high intergroup commonality were less tolerant of collateral casualties than those low on intergroup commonality. In Study 2, conducted during violent escalation, we replicated these results while controlling for anger, fear, and hatred. In Study 3, we found that the effect was mediated by delegitimization of the out-group. These results extend the range of beneficial impact of intergroup commonality, and imply that it may be used as a tool to promote conflict resolution.

Exploratory Investigation of Perceptions of Influences on Best-Friend Relationships

1980 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. L. Ashton
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Physical Attractiveness ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female College ◽  
Psychological Literature ◽  
Best Friend ◽  
Exploratory Investigation ◽  
Female Subjects

24 male and 24 female college undergraduates (aged 18 to 50 yr.) responded to close-ended and open-ended questions concerning a relationship with a male or female best friend. Subjects rated important variables derived from theory and previous attraction-friendship research. There was no evidence for gender differences except that “shared interests” and “stability of relationship” were more important for friendships with a male, and female subjects rated “boost each other's egos” as more important than males did. Physical attractiveness was more important for other-sex relationships than for same sex. Self-generated characteristics suggested important variables not included in social psychological literature.

Base rates, stereotypes, and judgmental accuracy

1996 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Funder
Keyword(s):  
Base Rate ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Specific Content ◽  
Psychological Literature ◽  
Base Rates ◽  
The Social ◽  
Judgmental Accuracy

AbstractThe base rate literature has an opposite twin in the social psychological literature on stereotypes, which concludes that people use their preexisting beliefs about probabilistic category attributes too much, rather than not enough. This ironic discrepancy arises because beliefs about category attributes enhance accuracy when the beliefs are accurate and diminish accuracy when they are not. To determine the accuracy of base rate/stereotype beliefs requires research that addresses specific content.

Enhancing Compassion

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Condon ◽  
David DeSteno
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Moral Decision ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Moral Decision Making ◽  
Relationship Formation ◽  
Psychological Literature ◽  
Contemplative Science

Historically, social psychologists are known for demonstrating the power of situations to reduce compassionate impulses and prosocial behavior. The simple presence of other people, for example, can decrease the rates at which people act to help others. Yet more recent findings also point to the power of situations to evoke other-oriented emotional states that increase intentions and actions to help others and build relationships. In this chapter, we review the current social psychological literature on compassion and its role in shaping moral decision-making and relationship formation. We then turn to the burgeoning field of contemplative science and demonstrate the role of meditation practices in shaping prosocial character. In the end, this literature suggests that humans are amenable to situational forces that tip the scales in favor of compassionate responding. Moreover, such behaviors can be increased through simple, readily available meditation-based exercises.

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