The impact of European economic integration on business associations: The UK case

This chapter first considers the process by which Acts of Parliament come into being. It then turns to delegated legislation—that is, law that is made by other bodies under Parliament’s authority. Next, it looks at EU legislation, which had an increasingly significant effect from the time that the UK joined the European Economic Community in 1973. It explains the various institutions of the EU and their role in the law-making process; the different types of EU legislation; and the circumstances in which individuals may use them in domestic courts, pre-Brexit. Finally, the chapter discusses the impact of the European Convention on Human Rights and the Human Rights Act 1998.

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2. Legislation

10.1093/he/9780192893642.003.0002 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 19-48

Author(s):

Emily Finch ◽

Stefan Fafinski

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

European Convention ◽

European Economic ◽

Eu Legislation ◽

Domestic Courts ◽

Human Rights Act ◽

Human Rights Act 1998 ◽

The Uk ◽

The Impact ◽

Law Making

This chapter first considers the process by which Acts of Parliament come into being. It then turns to delegated legislation—that is, law that is made by other bodies under Parliament’s authority. Next, it looks at EU legislation, which had an increasingly significant effect from the time that the UK joined the European Economic Community in 1973. It explains the various institutions of the EU and role they had in the law-making process; the different types of EU legislation; and the circumstances in which individuals could use them in domestic courts, prior to Brexit. Finally, the chapter discusses the impact of the European Convention on Human Rights and the Human Rights Act 1998.

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European Integration and External Constraints On Social Policy: Is a Social Charter Necessary?

National Institute Economic Review ◽

10.1177/002795019113600109 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 136 ◽

pp. 93-118 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

John Ermisch

Keyword(s):

Social Policy ◽

European Integration ◽

Direct Effect ◽

Economic Integration ◽

Social Benefits ◽

Substantial Part ◽

Labour Mobility ◽

Real Wages ◽

European Economic ◽

The Impact

This article examines the conditions under which social policy would be constrained by European economic integration and assesses whether a Social Charter is needed. It provides a framework for interpreting the ‘principle of subsidiarity’, examines the potential for a direct effect of social benefits on the movement of people within the EC, investigates the impact of the taxes used to finance social policy on the location of businesses and people and the incidence of these taxes. As the degree of labour mobility in response to differences in real wages between EC countries is demonstrated to be crucial in deciding whether a Social Charter is necessary, a substantial part of the paper examines the evidence on the responsiveness of labour mobility, and it suggests little need for a Social Charter.

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The Impact of Hard Brexit on Polish Exports

International Journal of Management and Economics ◽

10.2478/ijme-2018-0010 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 54 (2) ◽

pp. 99-109

Author(s):

Jakub Borowski ◽

Jakub Olipra ◽

Paweł Błaszyński

Keyword(s):

Economic Integration ◽

Global Economy ◽

Interesting Case ◽

First Year ◽

The European Union ◽

Trade Relations ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

The Uk ◽

The Impact ◽

The Eu

Abstract The decision of the United Kingdom (UK) to leave the European Union (EU) is unprecedented, especially considering the recent trend in the global economy toward economic integration. There is a multitude of research concerning the implications of economic integration; however, research in the field of disintegration is scarce. Brexit serves as an interesting case study to investigate the effects of economic disintegration. The implications for trade are especially fascinating as trade liberalization is one of the most important benefits of economic integration. Existing studies focus mainly on Brexit’s impact on the UK’s exports and imports, while less attention has been paid to Brexit’s effects on the trade of other countries. The main objective of our research is to estimate Brexit’s influence on Polish exports. We present several possible scenarios of future trade relations between the UK and the EU and assume that, at least in the nearest-future post-Brexit scenario, trade under the World Trade Organization rules is most likely. This will result in the imposition of tariffs on trade between the UK and the EU members, including Poland. In our research, we used the real exchange rate of the Polish zloty against the British pound as a proxy for the changes in price competitiveness of Polish exports due to the imposition of tariffs. We find that in the first year after Brexit, the dynamics of Polish exports to the UK will decrease due to the imposition of customs duties by 1.3 percentage points (pp) and by 0.1 pp when it comes to total Polish exports. This paper contributes to the discussion on the effects of disintegration on trade. We propose a new method for assessing changes in trade volume due to increase of trade barriers.

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1. Legislation

Legal Skills ◽

10.1093/he/9780198784715.003.0001 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Emily Finch ◽

Stefan Fafinski

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

European Convention ◽

European Economic ◽

Eu Legislation ◽

Domestic Courts ◽

Human Rights Act ◽

Human Rights Act 1998 ◽

The Uk ◽

The Impact ◽

Law Making

This chapter first considers the process by which Acts of Parliament come into being. It then turns to delegated legislation — that is, law that is made by other bodies under Parliament's authority. Next, it looks at EU legislation, which had an increasingly significant effect from the time that the UK joined the European Economic Community in 1973. It explains the various institutions of the EU and their role in the law-making process; the different types of EU legislation; and the circumstances in which individuals may use them in domestic courts, pre-Brexit. Finally, the chapter discusses the impact of the European Convention on Human Rights and the Human Rights Act 1998.

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Lessons from Italy’s Monetary Unification (1862–1880) for the Euro and Europe’s Single Market

The Economic Future in Historical Perspective ◽

10.5871/bacad/9780197263471.003.0011 ◽

2006 ◽

Author(s):

Leandro Conte ◽

Gianni Toniolo ◽

Giovanni Vecchi

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Interest Rates ◽

Economic Integration ◽

Market Integration ◽

Single Market ◽

National Currency ◽

European Economic ◽

Monetary Unification ◽

New Perspective ◽

The Impact

This chapter examines the effects of monetary unification on market integration. It offers a new perspective on the Euro's likely effectiveness in achieving the ‘Single Market’ goal of European economic integration, by examining the impact of a nineteenth-century national currency reform. It looks back at the experience of Italian monetary unification after 1861 and describes how rapidly the prices of the basic factors of production, wages, and interest rates began to converge after the introduction of the national currency.

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1. The Development of European Integration

EU Law ◽

10.1093/he/9780198859840.003.0001 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-33

Author(s):

Paul Craig ◽

Gráinne de Búrca

Keyword(s):

Financial Crisis ◽

European Integration ◽

Basic Structure ◽

Refugee Crisis ◽

Constitutional Treaty ◽

European Economic ◽

Single European Act ◽

The Uk ◽

The Impact ◽

Academic Debate

All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing students with a stand-alone resource. This chapter begins with analysis of the background to European integration. The focus then shifts to analysis of the Treaties and the principal Treaty revisions from the inception of the European Economic Community (EEC) to the present day. The EEC Treaty is examined, followed by the Single European Act, and the Maastricht, Amsterdam, and Nice Treaties. The discussion continues with examination of the failed Constitutional Treaty and the successful ratification of the Lisbon Treaty. The penultimate section deals with the impact of the financial crisis, the refugee crisis, the rule of law crisis, the pandemic crisis, and the Brexit crisis. This is followed by an overview of theories European integration offered to explain its evolution. The UK version contains a further section outlining the basic structure of UK legal relations with EU law post-Brexit.

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The Selective Politicization of Transatlantic Trade Negotiations

Politics and Governance ◽

10.17645/pag.v8i1.2608 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 325-335 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Aukje Van Loon

Keyword(s):

Trade Unions ◽

Domestic Politics ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Business Associations ◽

Explanatory Variables ◽

Eu Member States ◽

Transatlantic Trade ◽

Non Governmental Organizations ◽

The Uk ◽

The Impact

European Union (EU) trade policy is in the spotlight. The Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) negotiations triggered substantial public mobilization which emerged in a surge of literature on trade politicization. Notwithstanding politicization’s topicality and significance, it varies considerably over time, across trade agreements negotiations as well as across EU member states. By picking up on the latter, this article examines why, despite similar economic benefits potentially to be gained from trade liberalization, TTIP negotiations revealed striking differences in politicization in Germany and the UK. Understanding this variation is illustrated by highlighting the impact of some of TTIPs’ substantial issues mobilizing a range of materially and ideationally motivated stakeholders, who in turn shaped diverging governments’ trade positions of the countries under scrutiny. In explaining this selective politicization across two European countries, focus is on three explanatory variables, domestic material interests (business associations and trade unions), societal ideas (voters and non-governmental organizations [NGOs]) dominant in these countries’ domestic politics, as well as their interaction with national institutions. For this reason, the societal approach to governmental preference formation is employed which provides a detailed exploration of these three domestic factors, as well as the importance of their interdependence, in shaping the TTIP positions of the UK and German governments.

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