Lessons from Italy’s Monetary Unification (1862–1880) for the Euro and Europe’s Single Market

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Conte ◽  
Gianni Toniolo ◽  
Giovanni Vecchi
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Single Market ◽  
National Currency ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Monetary Unification ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The Impact

This chapter examines the effects of monetary unification on market integration. It offers a new perspective on the Euro's likely effectiveness in achieving the ‘Single Market’ goal of European economic integration, by examining the impact of a nineteenth-century national currency reform. It looks back at the experience of Italian monetary unification after 1861 and describes how rapidly the prices of the basic factors of production, wages, and interest rates began to converge after the introduction of the national currency.

European Integration and External Constraints On Social Policy: Is a Social Charter Necessary?

1991 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 93-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Ermisch
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Labour Mobility ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
European Economic ◽  
The Impact

This article examines the conditions under which social policy would be constrained by European economic integration and assesses whether a Social Charter is needed. It provides a framework for interpreting the ‘principle of subsidiarity’, examines the potential for a direct effect of social benefits on the movement of people within the EC, investigates the impact of the taxes used to finance social policy on the location of businesses and people and the incidence of these taxes. As the degree of labour mobility in response to differences in real wages between EC countries is demonstrated to be crucial in deciding whether a Social Charter is necessary, a substantial part of the paper examines the evidence on the responsiveness of labour mobility, and it suggests little need for a Social Charter.

scholarly journals Correspondence manuals in nineteenth-century Greater Syria: between the arzuhalci and the advent of popular letter writing

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuval Ben-Bassat ◽  
Fruma Zachs
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Letter Writing ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

This article is based on several editions of a recently located letter writing manual by Yusuf Efendi al-Shalfun (1839-95). This booklet provides a new perspective on a period in which the practice of ‘popular’ letter-writing was expanding in the Arab provinces of the Ottoman empire. Little research has been devoted thus far to the implications of the increase in the ability to write (in contradistinction to the ability to read), in the empire’s Arab provinces in the second half of the nineteenth century. Popular correspondence, both personal and more formal, gradually developed among the Arab urban literate population, who used manuals such as the one written by al-Shalfun as guides to write in various official, social, and familial situations. Letter writing thus complemented the work of the arzuhalcis, the professional letter and petition writers in the Ottoman empire. This paper examines the impact of popular letter writing in Greater Syria in the second half of the nineteenth century as well as the public’s ability at the time to communicate through writing.

Article 30—Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 416-416
Author(s):  
Eleonora Rosati
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
Single Market ◽  
Online Content ◽  
European Economic ◽  
The Public ◽  
Content Sharing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Copyright Directive ◽  
Annual Turnover

This chapter talks about Chapter 30 of Directive 2019/790, a copyright directive of the Digital Single Market in Europe. It mentions the plan of the Commission to carry out a review of this Directive and present a report on the main findings to the European Parliament, the Council, and the European Economic and Social Committee on 7 June 2026. It also mentions the assessment of Commission on 7 June 2024 of the impact of the specific liability regime set out in Article 17 of Directive 2019/790 regarding online content-sharing service providers that have an annual turnover of less than EUR 10 million. The chapter cites services that have been available to the public in the Union for less than three years under Paragraph 6 of Article 17. It reminds Member States to provide the Commission with the necessary information for the preparation of the report that will be presented on 7 June 2026.

scholarly journals European Economic Integration: Assessing Benefits from State Size Perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domen Gril ◽  
Primož Pevcin
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Single Market ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Benchmark Analysis ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Empirical Paper ◽  
State Size

This empirical paper focuses on the analysis of economic benefits of European integration processes. A gap exists on the research that addresses the specific benefits of states involved in the economic integration processes. Thus, paper focuses on the analysis of benefits Slovenia has from European economic integration, and benchmark analysis is performed, taking Poland as example. This context serves for the comparison of effects and benefits of economic integration concerning smaller and larger states. Namely, there is an assumption that economic integration should have different state-specific effects, where state size is one of the attributes that significantly channels these effects. The results show that Slovenia benefited much more entering the single market in comparison to Poland. This suggests that single market might serve as an economic shelter for smaller states, and thus generates relatively larger benefits for them in comparison to larger states.

Belgium

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Becht
Keyword(s):  
Economic Integration ◽  
Business Groups ◽  
Business Group ◽  
Single Market ◽  
Holding Companies ◽  
European Economic ◽  
European Single Market

Bank-oriented business groups have been closely related to the growth of Belgium since independence in 1831. The Société générale de Belgique in particular was a leading example of a widely held business group with extensive banking and industrial interests. The holding companies that characterized the Belgian economy for 150 years have largely disappeared. They were acquired or their holdings were sold to larger entities from neighboring countries, in particular from France. European economic integration appears to be the most compelling explanation for the disappearance of the large diversified group in Belgium. It does not explain why Belgian groups failed to take advantage of the new opportunities offered by the European single market.

Patent Growth in the Old Dominion: The Impact of Railroad Integration before 1880

1992 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Endogenous Growth ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
The State ◽  
Rail Network ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

Endogenous growth theories suggest that market integration will be more conducive to economic development when the previously isolated regions have large stocks of human capital. This paper uses the level of per capita patenting in nineteenth-century Virginia to measure this human capital. By the end of the 1870s, the rail network of the Old Dominion was rapidly being integrated with the rest of the nation. Inventiveness spread throughout northern Virginia, but the former plantation areas of the state fell behind.

scholarly journals PRICES AND WAGES IN THE 1890 CRISIS IN BUENOS AIRES

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-294
Author(s):  
Agustina Vence Conti ◽  
Eduardo Martín Cuesta
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
New Information ◽  
Open Discussion ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTThe growth of Argentina’s economy in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century was so great that it was called “The Great Expansion”. This explains the interest of economic historians to observe, analyze and explain the conditions under which such growth occurred. One of the topics is the 1890 crisis, or “Baring Crisis”. This was seen by contemporaries as the worst economic debacle of the nineteenth century. Studies in economic history have seen this crisis both their macroeconomic aspects, and from the impact that would have occurred in the population. Also, in recent years there has been a renewed interest in the production and analysis of series of prices and wages, as key to analyzing economic indicators economy conditions and living conditions and inequality. Given this historiographical renewal, in this article a new series of prices and wages of Buenos Aires in the late nineteenth century are presented. With this new information, and open discussion with previous works, a new perspective on the evolution of prices and wages is provided, with a different perspective on the impact of the 1890 crisis.

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