Impact of maternal iron deficiency anaemia on the expression of the newly discovered multi-copper ferroxidase, Zyklopen, in term placentas

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
M. V. Surekha ◽  
Thathapudi Sujatha ◽  
Shravanthi Gadhiraju ◽  
Putcha Uday Kumar ◽  
Sandeep Kumar Kotturu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Maternal Iron

scholarly journals A descriptive study of New Zealand midwives' primary care management of iron status in pregnancy and the postpartum period

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Esther Calje
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Clinical Guideline ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Maternal Iron

<p>Background: Globally there is no consensus on haemoglobin (Hb) parameters that define maternal anaemia. Therefore it is difficult to distinguish physiological anaemia of pregnancy from anaemia associated with pathology. Low maternal iron status is associated with adverse outcomes, although the evidence is difficult to interpret. Non-anaemic iron deficiency requires prevention and treatment, before end stage iron deficiency anaemia. Increases in serum ferritin (SF) secondary to inflammation, gives misleading results of iron stores if not tested with C-reactive protein (CRP). Given the complexities, how do Lead Maternity Carer (LMC) midwives in New Zealand manage anaemia and iron deficiency, without a clinical guideline?  Methods: In this descriptive study, quantitative data was retrospectively collected from September-December 2013, from LMC midwives (n=21) and women (n=189), in one New Zealand area. Main outcomes assessed were women’s iron status. Anaemia was defined as Hb <110g/L in the first trimester, <105g/L in subsequent trimesters, and <100g/L postnatally. Iron deficiency was defined as SF <20 μg/L, if CRP<5mg/L. A secondary analysis of iron status and body mass index (BMI) was undertaken.  Results: Of the 186 women who had Hb testing at booking, 46% did not have ferritin tested concurrently. Of the 385 ferritin tests undertaken, 86% were not tested with CRP. Despite midwives prescribing iron for 48.7%, and recommending iron for 16.9% of second trimester women, 47.1% had low iron status before birth. Only 22.8% had Hb testing postpartum, including 65.1% (of 38) with blood loss >500mls. Results of a secondary analysis showed a significant difference (p=.05) between third trimester ferritin levels in women with BMI ≥ 25 (Md SF 14 μg/L) and BMI < 25 (Md SF 18 μg/L).  Conclusions: Inconsistent testing of ferritin made it difficult to assess maternal iron status, especially without concurrent testing of CRP. Midwives may not understand and recognise the progression from iron sufficiency to end-stage iron deficiency anaemia. Even without further research this small study may indicate the need for improved education for midwives, and a clinical guideline. More complex studies on the prevalence in New Zealand, BMI and iron status, and maternal outcomes especially in the postpartum period, are warranted.</p>

scholarly journals Maternal iron deficiency perturbs embryonic cardiovascular development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacinta I. Kalisch-Smith ◽  
Nikita Ved ◽  
Dorota Szumska ◽  
Jacob Munro ◽  
Michael Troup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Cardiovascular Development ◽  
Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Iron Administration ◽  
Iron Deficient ◽  
Maternal Iron

AbstractCongenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common type of birth defect, with a global prevalence of 0.9% of live births1. Most research in the last 30 years has focused on finding genetic causes of CHD. However, despite the association of over 100 genes with CHD, mutations in these genes only explain ~30% of cases2. Many of the remaining cases of CHD are caused by in utero exposure to environmental factors3. Here we have identified a completely new environmental teratogen causing CHD: maternal iron deficiency. In humans, iron deficiency anaemia is a major global health problem. 38% of pregnant women worldwide are anaemic4, and at least half of these are due to iron deficiency, the most prevalent micronutrient deficiency. We describe a mouse model of maternal iron deficiency anaemia that causes severe cardiovascular defects in her offspring. We show that these defects likely arise from increased retinoic acid signalling in iron deficient embryos, probably due to reduced activity of the iron-dependent retinoic acid catabolic CYP26 enzymes. The defects can be prevented by maternal iron administration early in pregnancy, and are also greatly reduced in offspring of mothers deficient in both iron and the retinoic acid precursor vitamin A. Finally, one puzzling feature of many genetic forms of CHD in humans is the considerable variation in penetrance and severity of defects. We show that maternal iron deficiency acts as a significant modifier of heart and craniofacial phenotype in a mouse model of Down syndrome. Given the high incidence of maternal iron deficiency, peri-conceptional iron monitoring and supplementation could be a viable strategy to reduce the prevalence and severity of CHD in human populations worldwide.

scholarly journals A descriptive study of New Zealand midwives' primary care management of iron status in pregnancy and the postpartum period

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Esther Calje
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Clinical Guideline ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Maternal Iron

<p>Background: Globally there is no consensus on haemoglobin (Hb) parameters that define maternal anaemia. Therefore it is difficult to distinguish physiological anaemia of pregnancy from anaemia associated with pathology. Low maternal iron status is associated with adverse outcomes, although the evidence is difficult to interpret. Non-anaemic iron deficiency requires prevention and treatment, before end stage iron deficiency anaemia. Increases in serum ferritin (SF) secondary to inflammation, gives misleading results of iron stores if not tested with C-reactive protein (CRP). Given the complexities, how do Lead Maternity Carer (LMC) midwives in New Zealand manage anaemia and iron deficiency, without a clinical guideline?  Methods: In this descriptive study, quantitative data was retrospectively collected from September-December 2013, from LMC midwives (n=21) and women (n=189), in one New Zealand area. Main outcomes assessed were women’s iron status. Anaemia was defined as Hb <110g/L in the first trimester, <105g/L in subsequent trimesters, and <100g/L postnatally. Iron deficiency was defined as SF <20 μg/L, if CRP<5mg/L. A secondary analysis of iron status and body mass index (BMI) was undertaken.  Results: Of the 186 women who had Hb testing at booking, 46% did not have ferritin tested concurrently. Of the 385 ferritin tests undertaken, 86% were not tested with CRP. Despite midwives prescribing iron for 48.7%, and recommending iron for 16.9% of second trimester women, 47.1% had low iron status before birth. Only 22.8% had Hb testing postpartum, including 65.1% (of 38) with blood loss >500mls. Results of a secondary analysis showed a significant difference (p=.05) between third trimester ferritin levels in women with BMI ≥ 25 (Md SF 14 μg/L) and BMI < 25 (Md SF 18 μg/L).  Conclusions: Inconsistent testing of ferritin made it difficult to assess maternal iron status, especially without concurrent testing of CRP. Midwives may not understand and recognise the progression from iron sufficiency to end-stage iron deficiency anaemia. Even without further research this small study may indicate the need for improved education for midwives, and a clinical guideline. More complex studies on the prevalence in New Zealand, BMI and iron status, and maternal outcomes especially in the postpartum period, are warranted.</p>

Effect of Maternal Iron Deficiency Anaemia on the Expression of Iron Transport Proteins in the Third Trimester Placenta

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Mullapudi Venkata Surekha ◽  
Thathapudi Sujatha ◽  
Shravanthi Gadhiraju ◽  
Sandeep Kumar Kotturu ◽  
Mudili Siva Prasad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Iron Transport ◽  
Transport Proteins ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
The Third ◽  
Maternal Iron ◽  
Iron Transport Proteins
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