Advertising Message Strategy in U.S. Congressional Campaigns: Its Impact on Election Outcome

1991 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 207-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spencer F. Tinkham ◽  
Ruth Ann Weaver-Lariscy
Keyword(s):  
Election Outcome ◽  
Advertising Message ◽  
Congressional Campaigns ◽  
Message Strategy

Claude Hopkins, Earnest Calkins, Bissell Carpet Sweepers and the Birth of Modern Advertising

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob Schorman
Keyword(s):  
Ground Level ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Advertising Agencies ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Advertising Message ◽  
Message Strategy ◽  
Grand Rapids

This study of the lives and careers of Claude C. Hopkins and Earnest Elmo Calkins from their boyhood experiences with periodical advertising in the 1870s though their professional contributions to the field at the turn of the century provides a ground-level view of modern advertising's emergence. Among other things, it shows that certain marketing concepts emerged earlier than is often assumed and that these concepts were often developed independent of major advertising agencies and far from the urban centers of advertising production. Calkins and Hopkins had very different philosophies of marketing, and between them they defined a spectrum of advertising message strategy that still characterizes the field. The happenstance that Hopkins and Calkins both wrote ads for the Bissell Carpet Sweeper Company in Grand Rapids, Michigan, provides a symbolic center for this analysis that brings these developments into focus.

scholarly journals Advertising message strategy analysis for award-winning digital ads

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 340
Author(s):  
Ioanna Yfantidou ◽  
Kyriakos Riskos ◽  
George Tsourvakas
Keyword(s):  
Strategy Analysis ◽  
Advertising Message ◽  
Message Strategy ◽  
Award Winning

The Effects of Interest Groups' Ideology on Their PAC and Lobbying Expenditures

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy McKay
Keyword(s):  
Interest Groups ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Political Action Committees ◽  
Unanswered Question ◽  
Group Type ◽  
Congressional Campaigns ◽  
Extreme Groups

While the literature on political action committees' (PACs) contributions to congressional campaigns is substantial, one key variable has been missing: the ideology of the PAC. Such a measure is needed to evaluate a normatively important yet unanswered question: to what extent do PACs give to candidates with whom they agree ideologically, as opposed to candidates they may want to influence after the election? This study shows that many interest groups' preferences for an electoral strategy or an access strategy can be predicted by their left-right ideology and their level of ideological extremism. The analysis finds that more ideologically extreme groups and more liberal groups spend more money on PAC contributions relative to lobbying. Further, groups' underlying left-right ideology is also highly predictive of their allocation of PAC contributions between the two parties—even controlling for group type.

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