Gender effects in peer nominations for aggression and social status

Little prior research has examined children’s interpersonal perceptions of peers from a social relations model framework. This study examines the degree of actor and partner variances, as well as generalised and dyadic reciprocities, in a sample of 351 sixth graders’ peer nominations of different forms and functions of aggression and aspects of social status. Gender differences in these nominations are also explored. Results indicate significant actor and partner variances for all measures, and generalised reciprocity in social status perceptions. Clear gender differences were noted in rates of nominations, such that more same-sex than cross-sex nominations were generally given for both positive and negative aspects; however, we found mixed evidence of gender differences in the variance partitioning and reciprocity correlation estimates.

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A description and illustration of the Triadic Relations Model: Who perceives whom as bullying whom?

International Journal of Behavioral Development ◽

10.1177/0165025410371418 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 374-383 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Noel A. Card ◽

Philip C. Rodkin ◽

Claire F. Garandeau

Keyword(s):

Peer Relations ◽

Social Relations ◽

Fourth Grade ◽

Social Relations Model ◽

Interpersonal Behaviors ◽

The Social ◽

Peer Nominations ◽

Dyadic Variables

Analyses of children’s peer relations have recently begun considering interpersonal behaviors and perceptions from the perspective of the Social Relations Model. An extension of this model, the Triadic Relations Model (TRM), allows for consideration and analysis of more complex three-person data to understand triadic processes; separate individual, dyadic, and triadic variance; and model co-occurrences among dyadic phenomena. The goal of this article is to provide a didactic introduction to the TRM and its potential for studying peer relations. The TRM is applied to data from nine classes (N = 162) of third and fourth grade boys and girls involving perceptions (peer nominations) of actors’ (aggressors’) behavior toward partners (victims). We report and illustrate interpretation of 7 variance and 16 covariance estimates from this TRM analysis of who perceives whom as bullying whom. In particular, triadic analyses revealed a tendency for children to perceive others as sharing the same aggressors and the same targets for aggression as themselves. We discuss implications of findings for studying aggression, as well as extensions of this model, such as incorporating multiple constructs or connecting the TRM estimates with individual and dyadic variables, and challenges of using the TRM.

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Gender effects and cooperation in collective action: A laboratory experiment

Rationality and Society ◽

10.1177/1043463119858788 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 337-353 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Anastasia Peshkovskaya ◽

Tatiana Babkina ◽

Mikhail Myagkov

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Collective Action ◽

Laboratory Experiment ◽

Social Factors ◽

Gender Effects ◽

Gender Composition ◽

Same Sex ◽

Cooperation Level ◽

Contextual Characteristics

Numerous researches have indicated that men’s and women’s cooperation varied from no differences to significant differences under the influence of different contextual characteristics. In this study, we investigated how social factors together with a gender composition of a group affected gender differences in cooperation. We found that mixed-sex groups were the most effective in cooperation. At the same time, cooperation level in same-sex groups varied significantly. Besides, in same-sex groups, men demonstrated a higher level of trust and gratitude than women. Among women, in same-sex groups, a tendency toward mutual distrust and competition was revealed more often than among men.

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Gender Effects in a Multischool Alcohol Media Literacy Study With Preadolescents

Health Education & Behavior ◽

10.1177/1090198117731601 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 311-314 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chloe S. Gordon ◽

Steven J. Howard ◽

Lisa K. Kervin ◽

Sandra C. Jones

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Social Norms ◽

Media Literacy ◽

Program Effectiveness ◽

Sixth Graders ◽

Gender Effects ◽

Future Research ◽

Control Group ◽

Alcohol Prevention ◽

Wait List Control

Objective. Alcohol media literacy (AML) programs have achieved positive results for alcohol prevention; however, gender may moderate program effectiveness. This study investigated gender differences for an Australian AML intervention. Method. Fifth and sixth graders ( N = 165), allocated to an intervention or wait-list control group, participated in an AML program. Student questionnaires were administered at three time points. Results. The intervention resulted in significantly higher media deconstruction skills but did not lead to less preference for branded merchandise or greater understanding of persuasive intent, and these effects did not differ by gender. Gender differences were present in social norms for drinking and alcohol expectancies. Conclusions. AML education likely has appeal and benefit to both genders as it connects with students’ lifeworlds. Social norms may be more difficult to shift for males due to a more ingrained drinking culture. Future research could explore contextual factors responsible for gender differences.

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Meta-Accuracy and Perceived Reciprocity From the Perception-Meta-Perception Social Relations Model

Social Psychology ◽

10.1027/1864-9335/a000356 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 24-37

Author(s):

Ben Porter ◽

Camilla S. Øverup ◽

Julie A. Brunson ◽

Paras D. Mehta

Keyword(s):

Structural Equation Modeling ◽

Social Relations ◽

Latent Variables ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Complete Understanding ◽

Social Relations Model ◽

Flexible Framework ◽

Multilevel Structural Equation

Abstract. Meta-accuracy and perceptions of reciprocity can be measured by covariances between latent variables in two social relations models examining perception and meta-perception. We propose a single unified model called the Perception-Meta-Perception Social Relations Model (PM-SRM). This model simultaneously estimates all possible parameters to provide a more complete understanding of the relationships between perception and meta-perception. We describe the components of the PM-SRM and present two pedagogical examples with code, openly available on https://osf.io/4ag5m . Using a new package in R (xxM), we estimated the model using multilevel structural equation modeling which provides an approachable and flexible framework for evaluating the PM-SRM. Further, we discuss possible expansions to the PM-SRM which can explore novel and exciting hypotheses.

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