Face ethnicity and measurement reliability affect face recognition performance in developmental prosopagnosia: Evidence from the Cambridge Face Memory Test–Australian

Developmental prosopagnosia (DP) is a neurodevelopmental condition, characterized by lifelong face recognition deficits. Leading research groups diagnose the condition using complementary computer-based tasks and self-report measures. In an attempt to standardize the reporting of self-report evidence, we recently developed the 20-item prosopagnosia index (PI20), a short questionnaire measure of prosopagnosic traits suitable for screening adult samples for DP. Strong correlations between scores on the PI20 and performance on the Cambridge Face Memory Test (CFMT) appeared to confirm that individuals possess sufficient insight into their face recognition ability to complete a self-report measure of prosopagnosic traits. However, the extent to which people have insight into their face recognition abilities remains contentious. A lingering concern is that feedback from formal testing, received prior to administration of the PI20, may have augmented the self-insight of some respondents in the original validation study. To determine whether the significant correlation with the CFMT was an artefact of previously delivered feedback, we sought to replicate the validation study in individuals with no history of formal testing. We report highly significant correlations in two independent samples drawn from the general population, confirming: (i) that a significant relationship exists between PI20 scores and performance on the CFMT, and (ii) that this is not dependent on the inclusion of individuals who have previously received feedback. These findings support the view that people have sufficient insight into their face recognition abilities to complete a self-report measure of prosopagnosic traits.

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No evidence of other-race effect for Chinese faces in Malaysian non-Chinese population

10.31234/osf.io/8xg26 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Alejandro Estudillo

Keyword(s):

Chinese Population ◽

Recognition Performance ◽

Poor Performance ◽

Memory Test ◽

Racial Group ◽

Face Memory ◽

Race Effect ◽

Limited Experience ◽

Similar Experience ◽

Malaysian Chinese

The other-race effect (ORE) reflects poor recognition of faces of a different race to one’s own. According to the expertise-individuation hypothesis, this phenomenon is a consequence of limited experience with other race faces. Thus, similar experience with own and other-race faces should abolish the ORE. The aim of the present study is to explore the ORE in a multi-racial country (i.e., Malaysia) by comparing Malaysian observers’ face recognition performance for faces of a predominant racial group in Malaysia (i.e., Chinese) with faces from a nearly absent group in Malaysia (i.e., Caucasian). Malaysian Chinese, Malays and Malaysian Indians performed both the Cambridge Face Memory Test and the Cambridge face memory Test-Chinese (CFMT and CFMT-Chinese). Compared to the normative scores, Malaysian observers showed poor performance in the CFMT. Interestingly, Malays and Malaysian Indians observers´ performance was identical to that of Malaysian Chinese in the CFMT-Chinese and to the normative scores of the test. These results demonstrate the relevance of experience in shaping the ORE.

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Associations between self-reported and actual face recognition abilities are only evident in above- and below-average recognisers

10.31234/osf.io/74w6h ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Alejandro Estudillo ◽

Wong Hoo Keat

Keyword(s):

Face Recognition ◽

Individual Differences ◽

Recognition Performance ◽

Negative Association ◽

Memory Test ◽

Self Report ◽

Recognition Ability ◽

General Studies ◽

Typical Range ◽

Report Measure

The 20-Item Prosopagnosia Items (PI-20) was recently introduced as a self-report measure of face recognition abilities and as an instrument to help the diagnosis of prosopagnosia. In general, studies using this questionnaire have shown that observers have moderate to strong insights into their face recognition abilities. However, it remains unknown whether these insights are equivalent for the whole range of face recognition abilities. The present study investigates this issue using the Mandarin version of the PI-20 and the Cambridge Face Memory Test Chinese (CFMT-Chinese). Our results showed a moderate negative association between the PI-20 and the CFMT-Chinese. However, this association was driven by people with low and high face recognition ability, but absent in people within the typical range of face recognition performance. The implications of these results for the study of individual differences and the diagnosis of prosopagnosia are discussed.

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Associations between self-reported and objective face recognition abilities are only evident in above- and below-average recognisers

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.10629 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e10629

Author(s):

Alejandro J. Estudillo ◽

Hoo Keat Wong

Keyword(s):

Face Recognition ◽

Individual Differences ◽

Recognition Performance ◽

Negative Association ◽

Memory Test ◽

Self Report ◽

Recognition Ability ◽

General Studies ◽

Typical Range ◽

Report Measure

The 20-Item Prosopagnosia Items (PI-20) was recently introduced as a self-report measure of face recognition abilities and as an instrument to help the diagnosis of prosopagnosia. In general, studies using this questionnaire have shown that observers have moderate to strong insights into their face recognition abilities. However, it remains unknown whether these insights are equivalent for the whole range of face recognition abilities. The present study investigates this issue using the Mandarin version of the PI-20 and the Cambridge Face Memory Test Chinese (CFMT-Chinese). Our results showed a moderate negative association between the PI-20 and the CFMT-Chinese. However, this association was driven by people with low and high face recognition ability, but absent in people within the typical range of face recognition performance. The implications of these results for the study of individual differences and the diagnosis of prosopagnosia are discussed.

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Brain Regions Selective for Face Recognition and Memory Processing Can Predict Performance on the Taiwanese Face Memory Test (TFMT)

Journal of Vision ◽

10.1167/16.12.716 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (12) ◽

pp. 716

Author(s):

Gary Shyi ◽

Peter Cheng ◽

Varden Hung ◽

Emily Lin ◽

Tina Huang

Keyword(s):

Face Recognition ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Memory Test ◽

Memory Processing ◽

Face Memory

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The Cambridge Face Memory Test for Children (CFMT-C): A new tool for measuring face recognition skills in childhood

Neuropsychologia ◽

10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.07.008 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 62 ◽

pp. 60-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Abigail Croydon ◽

Hannah Pimperton ◽

Louise Ewing ◽

Brad C. Duchaine ◽

Elizabeth Pellicano

Keyword(s):

Face Recognition ◽

Memory Test ◽

Face Memory

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Comparing the sensitivity of face matching assessments to detect face perception deficits

10.31234/osf.io/68gbm ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Maruti Mishra ◽

Regan Fry ◽

Elyana Saad ◽

Joseph Arizpe ◽

Yuri-Grace Ohashi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Face Recognition ◽

Recognition Memory ◽

Face Perception ◽

Group Membership ◽

Memory Performance ◽

Memory Test ◽

Control Group ◽

University Of Southern California ◽

Face Memory ◽

Information Research

Numerous neurological, developmental, and psychiatric conditions demonstrate impaired face recognition abilities, which can be socially debilitating. These impairments could be caused by either deficient face perceptual processes, such as reduced ability to integrate face parts into a whole, or deficient face memory processes, such as reduced ability to associate a face with semantic information. Research and clinical practice have focused more on developing face memory assessments, while it currently remains unclear which face perception assessments best captures perceptual deficits. A validated face perception measure could not only help with diagnosing the causes of face recognition deficits but could also help determine the most appropriate treatment. Here, we compare several available face perception assessments to identify those that can best assess perception deficits in developmental prosopagnosics. Thirty prosopagnosics and thirty age-matched neurotypical controls completed a battery of four face perception assessments, namely, computerized Benton Face Recognition Test, Cambridge Face Perception Test, University of Southern California Face Perception Test, and Telling Faces Together Test. They were also evaluated on two face recognition/ memory measures- Cambridge face memory test and famous faces memory test. We used logistic regression for the perception tests to predict prosopagnosic vs. control group membership and used multiple linear regressions to predict continuous objective and subjective measures of face recognition memory. Our results show that the Benton face test was the most reliable (α = 0.74), sensitive (AUC= 0.83), and predictive assessment of prosopagnosia diagnosis and face memory performance across the groups. The Cambridge face perception test also performed adequately well in terms of test sensitivity (AUC=0.80) and predicted face memory performance across the groups. Further, we found that face lighting change trials better predicted DP group membership and face recognition abilities than viewpoint-change trials. Together, these results have direct clinical application in assessing populations with face processing difficulties.

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Self-reported face recognition abilities for own and other-race faces

Journal of Criminal Psychology ◽

10.1108/jcp-06-2020-0025 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Alejandro J. Estudillo

Keyword(s):

Face Recognition ◽

Design Methodology ◽

Eyewitness Identification ◽

Memory Test ◽

Objective Measures ◽

Content Type ◽

Face Memory ◽

Eyewitness Accuracy ◽

Race Effect ◽

Practical Implications

Purpose The other-race effect shows that people are better recognizing faces from their own-race compared to other-race faces. This effect can have dramatic consequences in applied scenarios whereby face identification is paramount, such as eyewitness identification. This paper aims to investigate whether observers have insights into their ability to recognize other-race faces. Design/methodology/approach Chinese ethnic observers performed objective measures of own- and other-race face recognition – the Cambridge Face Memory Test Chinese and the Cambridge Face Memory Test original; the PI20 – a 20-items self-reported measured of general face recognition abilities; and the ORE20 – a new developed 20-items self-reported measure of other-race face recognition. Findings Recognition of own-race faces was better compared to other-race faces. This effect was also evident at a phenomenological level, as observers reported to be worse recognizing other-race faces compared to own-race faces. Additionally, although a moderate correlation was found between own-race face recognition abilities and the PI20, individual differences in the recognition of other-race faces was only poorly associated with observers’ scores in the ORE20. Research limitations/implications These results suggest that observers’ insights to recognize faces are more consistent and reliable for own-race faces. Practical implications Self-reported measures of other-race recognition could produce misleading results. Thus, when evaluating eyewitness’ accuracy identifying other-race faces, objective measures should be used. Originality/value In contrast to own race recognition, people have very limited insights into their recognition abilities for other race faces.

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