Memory Biases in Social Anxiety and Depression

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesus Sanz
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Memory Biases

scholarly journals Anxiety and Depressive Symptom Trajectories in Adolescence and the Co-Occurring Development of Cognitive Biases: Evidence from the CogBIAS Longitudinal Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 1617-1633
Author(s):  
Annabel Songco ◽  
Charlotte Booth ◽  
Olivia Spiegler ◽  
Sam Parsons ◽  
Elaine Fox
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Growth Mixture Modeling ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Memory Biases ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract The development of negative cognitive biases, together with symptoms of anxiety and depression, has yet to be investigated longitudinally. Using a three-wave design, the present study examined developmental trajectories of anxiety and depressive symptoms and the co-occurrence of cognitive biases, in a large normative sample of adolescents (N = 504). Data was drawn from the CogBIAS Longitudinal Study (CogBIAS-L-S), which assessed a wide range of psychological variables, including cognitive biases and self-reported anxiety and depressive symptoms, when adolescents were approximately 13, 14.5, and 16 years of age. The results showed that overall levels of anxiety were low and stable, while levels of depression were low but increased slightly at each wave. Growth mixture modeling identified four distinct developmental classes with regard to anxiety and depressive symptoms. Multiple group analysis further showed that class membership was related to the development of cognitive biases. The majority of the sample (75%) was characterised by ‘Low symptoms’ of anxiety and depression and showed low interpretation and memory biases for negative stimuli at each wave. A second class (11%) displayed ‘Decreasing anxiety symptoms’ and showed decreasing interpretation bias, but increasing memory bias. A third class (8%) displayed ‘Comorbid increasing symptoms’ and showed increasing interpretation and memory biases. While the fourth class (6%) displayed ‘Comorbid decreasing symptoms’ and showed decreasing interpretation and memory biases. This longitudinal study sheds light on healthy and psychopathological emotional development in adolescence and highlights cognitive mechanisms that may be useful targets for prevention and early interventions.

scholarly journals Social anxiety in a multiple sclerosis clinic population

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Poder ◽  
K Ghatavi ◽  
JD Fisk ◽  
TL Campbell ◽  
S Kisely ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Neurological Disability ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
Neurologic Disability

Background Little is known about social anxiety in MS. Objective We estimated the prevalence of social anxiety symptoms and their association with demographic and clinical features in a clinic-attending sample of patients with MS. Methods Patients attending the Dalhousie MS Research Unit for regularly scheduled visits completed the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Health Utilities Index (HUI). Neurological disability was determined by ratings on the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Results A total of 251 patients completed self-report scales of anxiety and depression symptoms. In all, 245 (98%) provided sufficient data for analysis. In all, 30.6% ( n = 75) had clinically significant social anxiety symptoms as defined by a SPIN threshold score of 19. Half of those with social anxiety had general anxiety (HADSA ≥ 11) and a quarter had depression (HADSD ≥ 11). Severity of social anxiety symptoms was associated with reduced health-related quality of life and not related to neurological disability. Conclusions Social anxiety symptoms are common in persons with MS, contribute to overall morbidity, but are unrelated to the overall severity of neurologic disability. Greater awareness and routine systematic inquiry of social anxiety symptoms is an important component of comprehensive care for persons with MS.

scholarly journals Treatment of social anxiety with paroxetine: mediation of changes in anxiety and depression symptoms

2009 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared P. Dempsey ◽  
Patrick K. Randall ◽  
Suzanne E. Thomas ◽  
Sarah W. Book ◽  
Maureen H. Carrigan
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression Symptoms

Co-occurrence of social anxiety and depression symptoms in adolescence: differential links with implicit and explicit self-esteem?

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. de Jong ◽  
B. E. Sportel ◽  
E. de Hullu ◽  
M. H. Nauta
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Evaluative Processes ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

BackgroundSocial anxiety and depression often co-occur. As low self-esteem has been identified as a risk factor for both types of symptoms, it may help to explain their co-morbidity. Current dual process models of psychopathology differentiate between explicit and implicit self-esteem. Explicit self-esteem would reflect deliberate self-evaluative processes whereas implicit self-esteem would reflect simple associations in memory. Previous research suggests that low explicit self-esteem is involved in both social anxiety and depression whereas low implicit self-esteem is only involved in social anxiety. We tested whether the association between symptoms of social phobia and depression can indeed be explained by low explicit self-esteem, whereas low implicit self-esteem is only involved in social anxiety.MethodAdolescents during the first stage of secondary education (n=1806) completed the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) to measure symptoms of social anxiety and depression, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) to index explicit self-esteem and the Implicit Association Test (IAT) to measure implicit self-esteem.ResultsThere was a strong association between symptoms of depression and social anxiety that could be largely explained by participants' explicit self-esteem. Only for girls did implicit self-esteem and the interaction between implicit and explicit self-esteem show small cumulative predictive validity for social anxiety, indicating that the association between low implicit self-esteem and social anxiety was most evident for girls with relatively low explicit self-esteem. Implicit self-esteem showed no significant predictive validity for depressive symptoms.ConclusionsThe findings support the view that both shared and differential self-evaluative processes are involved in depression and social anxiety.

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