Treatment of social anxiety with paroxetine: mediation of changes in anxiety and depression symptoms

Background Little is known about social anxiety in MS. Objective We estimated the prevalence of social anxiety symptoms and their association with demographic and clinical features in a clinic-attending sample of patients with MS. Methods Patients attending the Dalhousie MS Research Unit for regularly scheduled visits completed the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Health Utilities Index (HUI). Neurological disability was determined by ratings on the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Results A total of 251 patients completed self-report scales of anxiety and depression symptoms. In all, 245 (98%) provided sufficient data for analysis. In all, 30.6% ( n = 75) had clinically significant social anxiety symptoms as defined by a SPIN threshold score of 19. Half of those with social anxiety had general anxiety (HADSA ≥ 11) and a quarter had depression (HADSD ≥ 11). Severity of social anxiety symptoms was associated with reduced health-related quality of life and not related to neurological disability. Conclusions Social anxiety symptoms are common in persons with MS, contribute to overall morbidity, but are unrelated to the overall severity of neurologic disability. Greater awareness and routine systematic inquiry of social anxiety symptoms is an important component of comprehensive care for persons with MS.

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Co-occurrence of social anxiety and depression symptoms in adolescence: differential links with implicit and explicit self-esteem?

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291711001358 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 475-484 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

P. J. de Jong ◽

B. E. Sportel ◽

E. de Hullu ◽

M. H. Nauta

Keyword(s):

Social Anxiety ◽

Predictive Validity ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Process Models ◽

Dual Process ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Co Morbidity ◽

Evaluative Processes ◽

Implicit And Explicit

BackgroundSocial anxiety and depression often co-occur. As low self-esteem has been identified as a risk factor for both types of symptoms, it may help to explain their co-morbidity. Current dual process models of psychopathology differentiate between explicit and implicit self-esteem. Explicit self-esteem would reflect deliberate self-evaluative processes whereas implicit self-esteem would reflect simple associations in memory. Previous research suggests that low explicit self-esteem is involved in both social anxiety and depression whereas low implicit self-esteem is only involved in social anxiety. We tested whether the association between symptoms of social phobia and depression can indeed be explained by low explicit self-esteem, whereas low implicit self-esteem is only involved in social anxiety.MethodAdolescents during the first stage of secondary education (n=1806) completed the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) to measure symptoms of social anxiety and depression, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) to index explicit self-esteem and the Implicit Association Test (IAT) to measure implicit self-esteem.ResultsThere was a strong association between symptoms of depression and social anxiety that could be largely explained by participants' explicit self-esteem. Only for girls did implicit self-esteem and the interaction between implicit and explicit self-esteem show small cumulative predictive validity for social anxiety, indicating that the association between low implicit self-esteem and social anxiety was most evident for girls with relatively low explicit self-esteem. Implicit self-esteem showed no significant predictive validity for depressive symptoms.ConclusionsThe findings support the view that both shared and differential self-evaluative processes are involved in depression and social anxiety.

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Mindfulness Training led to Catharsis and Mindfulness-To-Meaning in a Patient with Social Anxiety Disorder Comorbid with Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia) - A Case Report with Patient's Personal Note -

10.21203/rs.3.rs-952519/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hisanobu Kaiya ◽

Asuka Hasegawa ◽

Chika Komatsu ◽

Shota Noda ◽

Fusaka Minami ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anxiety Disorder ◽

Social Anxiety ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Social Anxiety Disorder ◽

World View ◽

Well Being ◽

Mindfulness Training ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Persistent Depressive Disorder

Abstract Background:The use of mindfulness in the treatment of anxiety and depression is becoming more and more widespread, but there are few reports that it has fundamentally changed patients' sense of life. Case Presentation:This report showed 9 year’s progress of treatment for Social Anxiety Disorder and Persistent Depressive Disorder in a 41year-old female patient experiencing a long-term painful married life with a carefree husband and controlling mother-in-law. During the past 25 months, she received 180 sessions of mindfulness training, resulting in complete remission of the anxiety and depression symptoms. After the 30th session she experienced an episode of the catharsis during the mindfulness training and experienced what can be called Mindfulness-To-Meaning, which is characterized by durable eudaimonic well-being in the face of adversity. Discussion and Conclutions:The psychological mechanisms that supported arriving at Mindfulness-To-Meaning were delineated as: Heightened (1) awareness which promoted (2) verbalization of the primary theme of suppression, in which the stress was (3) appraised metacognitively. Then (4) decentering permitted integrating this painful theme into a new adaptive self and world view, which resulted in (5) emotional catharsis, or release. Furthermore (6)　positive appraisal of this experience enhanced awareness and led to the experience of (7) Mindfulness-To-Meaning .

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Testing the Common and Unique Cognitive Vulnerability to Social Anxiety and Depression Symptoms

Cognitive Behavior Therapy in Korea ◽

10.33703/cbtk.2020.20.1.47 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 47-69

Author(s):

Jihyun Cho ◽

◽

Yongrae Cho

Keyword(s):

Social Anxiety ◽

Cognitive Vulnerability ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

The Common

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Interaction of CD38 Variant and Chronic Interpersonal Stress Prospectively Predicts Social Anxiety and Depression Symptoms Over 6 Years

Clinical Psychological Science ◽

10.1177/2167702615577470 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 17-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Benjamin A. Tabak ◽

Suzanne Vrshek-Schallhorn ◽

Richard E. Zinbarg ◽

Jason M. Prenoveau ◽

Susan Mineka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Anxiety ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Interpersonal Stress

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HIV Symptom Distress and Anxiety Sensitivity in Relation to Panic, Social Anxiety, and Depression Symptoms Among HIV-Positive Adults

AIDS Patient Care and STDs ◽

10.1089/apc.2011.0309 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 156-164 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Adam Gonzalez ◽

Michael J. Zvolensky ◽

Justin Parent ◽

Kristin W. Grover ◽

Michael Hickey

Keyword(s):

Social Anxiety ◽

Anxiety Sensitivity ◽

Symptom Distress ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Hiv Positive Adults

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Childhood Material Hardship and Adolescent Mental Health

Youth & Society ◽

10.1177/0044118x211001896 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 0044118X2110018

Author(s):

Chrisse Edmunds ◽

Melissa Alcaraz

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Adolescent Depression ◽

Adolescent Mental Health ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Fragile Families ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Material Hardship ◽

Critical Age ◽

The Relationship

Adolescent mental health has implications for current and future wellbeing. While a link exists between poverty and mental health, little is known about how experiencing material hardship, such as insecurity of food, housing, utilities, and medical care, throughout early childhood affects adolescent mental health. We examine the relationship between material hardship in childhood and adolescent mental health. We use Poisson regression to examine the effect of material hardship experienced at different stages of childhood on adolescent depression and anxiety outcomes at age 15. We use longitudinal data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study ( N = 3,222). We find that recently experiencing material hardship during childhood is positively and significantly associated with anxiety and depression symptoms at age 15, even when controlling for material hardship at age 15. Additionally, we find that insecurity during mid-childhood and the stress of lacking basic needs during a critical age may influence mental health in adolescence.

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Prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms in pregnant women with type 2 diabetes and the impact on glycaemic control

Diabetic Medicine ◽

10.1111/dme.14506 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Björg Ásbjörnsdóttir ◽

Marianne Vestgaard ◽

Nicoline C. Do ◽

Lene Ringholm ◽

Lise L.T. Andersen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Glycaemic Control ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

The Impact

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Exploring the Frequency of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in a Brazilian Sample during the COVID-19 Outbreak

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18094847 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 4847

Author(s):

Fabiana Silva Ribeiro ◽

Flávia H. Santos ◽

Luis Anunciação ◽

Lucas Barrozo ◽

Jesus Landeira-Fernandez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health Professionals ◽

Online Survey ◽

Age Groups ◽

Health Sector ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Well Being ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Brazilian Sample

The COVID-19 pandemic is a public health emergency of international concern, and the main measures to contain the spread of the coronavirus causing COVID-19 were social distancing, quarantine, and self-isolation. Although these policies are effective in containing the spread of the virus, they might represent a challenge to psychological well-being, increasing levels of depressive and anxiety-related symptoms. Aims: We explored the frequency of anxiety and depression symptoms during COVID-19 restrictions and associations with sociodemographic factors in a Brazilian sample. Method: Data of a total of 936 Brazilian adults (68.2% women) aged 18 to 77 years old (M = 38.95, SD = 13.91) were collected through an online survey. Results: In general, we observed a frequency of 17.36% for severe anxiety and 66.13% for severe depression symptoms, in which younger participants (18–39 years old) and women showed higher scores in anxiety and depression scales compared to older age groups. Logistic regressions showed that women were more likely to present severe symptoms of anxiety (20.4%) compared to men (10.9%), as well as respondents in the educational sector (24.3%) compared to those in the health sector (10%). Conclusions: We highlight the importance of mental health professionals in developing strategies to help younger adults to mitigate the effects of social restriction.

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Caregiver burden versus intensity of anxiety and depression symptoms in parents of children with cerebral palsy as well as factors potentially differentiating the level of burden: a cross-sectional study (Poland)

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036494 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. e036494

Author(s):

Barbara Gugała

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Health Status ◽

Caregiver Burden ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Emotional Involvement ◽

Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽

General Strain

ObjectivesTo assess the relationship between caregiver burden and severity of symptoms of anxiety/depression in parents of children with cerebral palsy (CP), and to identify factors differentiating the level of caregiver burden.SettingRegional rehabilitation centres in South-Eastern Poland.ParticipantsThe study involved 190 parents of children with CP, that is, 138 women and 52 men.Primary and secondary outcome measuresCaregiver burden was assessed using Caregiver Burden Scale (CBS), while the intensity of anxiety and depression symptoms was measured using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Potential predictors were examined using Gross Motor Function Classification System for Cerebral Palsy (GMFCS), Barthel Index (BI) as well as a questionnaire focusing on the characteristics of the child, the parent and the family. The analyses applied Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient as well as multiple regression analysis.ResultsAll the CBS measures are significantly correlated to HADS-A (anxiety) and HADS-D (depression). Intensity of anxiety is most visibly linked to CBS measures of disappointment and environment (p<0.0001), while severity of depression is related to emotional involvement and general strain (p<0.0001). The factors differentiating caregiver burden measure in the subscales of general strain (p<0.0001) and social isolation (p<0.0001) include the child’s age and BI, and the parent’s health status; in the subscale of disappointment (p<0.0001)—the child’s age, BI, GMFCS, as well as the parent’s age and health status; in the subscale of emotional involvement (p=0.0007)—BI, and the parent’s health status; in the subscale of environment (p=0.0002)—the child’s age and BI.ConclusionsThere is a positive linear relationship between the caregiver burden measures and severity of anxiety and depression. Effort should be made to relieve caregiver burden in parents of children with CP.

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