scholarly journals Comparison of Black Carbon Mass Concentrations Observed by Multi-Angle Absorption Photometer (MAAP) and Continuous Soot-Monitoring System (COSMOS) on Fukue Island and in Tokyo, Japan

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yugo Kanaya ◽  
Fumikazu Taketani ◽  
Yuichi Komazaki ◽  
Xianyun Liu ◽  
Yutaka Kondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Carbon ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Carbon Mass ◽  
Absorption Photometer ◽  
Mass Concentrations

scholarly journals Long-term observations of tropospheric particle number size distributions and equivalent black carbon mass concentrations in the German Ultrafine Aerosol Network (GUAN)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfram Birmili ◽  
Kay Weinhold ◽  
Fabian Rasch ◽  
André Sonntag ◽  
Jia Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Carbon ◽  
Particle Number ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Data Evaluation ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Evaluation Procedures ◽  
Carbon Mass ◽  
Ultrafine Aerosol ◽  
Mass Concentrations

Abstract. The German Ultrafine Aerosol Network (GUAN) is a cooperative atmospheric observation network, which aims at improving the scientific understanding of aerosol-related effects in the troposphere. The network addresses research questions dedicated to both climate- and health-related effects. GUAN's core activity has been the continuous collection of tropospheric particle number size distributions and black carbon mass concentrations at 17 observation sites in Germany. These sites cover various environmental settings including urban traffic, urban background, rural background, and Alpine mountains. In association with partner projects, GUAN has implemented a high degree of harmonisation of instrumentation, operating procedures, and data evaluation procedures. The quality of the measurement data is assured by laboratory intercomparisons as well as on-site comparisons with reference instruments. This paper describes the measurement sites, instrumentation, quality assurance, and data evaluation procedures in the network as well as the EBAS repository, where the data sets can be obtained (doi:10.5072/guan).

scholarly journals Correction for a measurement artifact of the Multi-Angle Absorption Photometer (MAAP) at high black carbon mass concentration levels

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.-P. Hyvärinen ◽  
V. Vakkari ◽  
L. Laakso ◽  
R. K. Hooda ◽  
V. P. Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Carbon ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Correction Method ◽  
Correction Function ◽  
Carbon Mass ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Measurement Artifact ◽  
Sudden Decrease ◽  
Absorption Photometer

Abstract. The Multi-Angle Absorption Photometer (MAAP) is a widely-used instrument for aerosol black carbon (BC) measurements. In this paper, we show correction methods for an artifact found to affect the instrument accuracy in environments characterized by high black carbon concentrations. The artifact occurs after a filter spot change – as BC mass is accumulated on a fresh filter spot, the attenuation of the light (raw signal) is weaker than anticipated. This causes a sudden decrease, followed by a gradual increase in measured BC concentration. The artifact is present in the data when the BC concentration exceeds ~3 μg m−3 at the typical MAAP flow rate of 16.7 L min−1 or 1 m3 h−1. The artifact is caused by erroneous dark counts in the photodetector measuring the transmitted light, in combination with an instrument internal averaging procedure of the photodetector raw signals. It was found that, in addition to the erroneous temporal response of the data, concentrations higher than 9 μg m−3 (at the flow rate of 16.7 L min−1) are underestimated by the MAAP. The underestimation increases with increasing BC accumulation rate. At a flow rate of 16.7 L min−1 and concentration of about 24 μg m−3 (BC accumulation rate ~0.4 μg min−1), the underestimation is about 30%. There are two ways of overcoming the MAAP artifact. One method is by logging the raw signal of the 165° photomultiplier measuring the reflected light from the filter spot. As this signal is not affected by the artifact, it can be converted to approximately correct absorption and BC values. However, as the typical print formats of the MAAP do not give the reflected signal as an output, a semi-empirical correction method was developed based on laboratory experiments to correct for the results in the post-processing phase. The correction function was applied to three MAAP datasets from Gual Pahari (India), Beijing (China), and Welgegund (South Africa). In Beijing, the results could also be compared against a photoacoustic spectrometer (PAS). The correction improved the quality of all three MAAP datasets substantially, even though the individual instruments operated at different flow rates and in different environments.

Optical determination of black carbon mass concentrations in snow samples: A new analytical method

2019 ◽  
Vol 697 ◽  
pp. 133934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Cereceda-Balic ◽  
Tamara Gorena ◽  
Camila Soto ◽  
Victor Vidal ◽  
Magín Lapuerta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Carbon ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Carbon Mass ◽  
Optical Determination ◽  
Snow Samples ◽  
Mass Concentrations

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Organic and Black Carbon Mass Concentrations in Lithuania

Atmosphere ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 1229-1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julija Pauraitė ◽  
Genrik Mordas ◽  
Steigvilė Byčenkienė ◽  
Vidmantas Ulevicius
Keyword(s):  
Black Carbon ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Analysis ◽  
Carbon Mass ◽  
Mass Concentrations

scholarly journals Correction for a measurement artifact of the Multi-Angle Absorption Photometer (MAAP) at high black carbon mass concentration levels

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 6553-6576
Author(s):  
A.-P. Hyvärinen ◽  
V. Vakkari ◽  
L. Laakso ◽  
R. K. Hooda ◽  
V. P. Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Carbon ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Correction Method ◽  
Correction Function ◽  
Carbon Mass ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Measurement Artifact ◽  
Sudden Decrease ◽  
Absorption Photometer

Abstract. The Multi-Angle Absorption Photometer (MAAP) is a widely-used instrument for aerosol black carbon observations. In this paper, we show correction methods for an artifact found to affect the instrument accuracy in environments with high black carbon concentrations. The artifact occurs after a filter spot change – as BC mass is accumulated on a fresh filter spot, the attenuation of the light (raw signal) is weaker than anticipated. This causes a sudden decrease, followed by a gradual increase in measured BC concentration. The artifact is present in the data when the BC concentration exceeds ∼3 μg m−3 at the typical MAAP flow rate of 16.7 l min−1 or 1 m3 h−1. The artifact is caused by erroneous dark counts in the photo detector measuring the transmitted light, in combination with an instrument internal averaging procedure of the photo detector raw signals. It was found that in addition to the erroneous temporal response of the data, concentrations higher than 9 μg m−3 (at the flow rate of 16.7 l min−1) are underestimated by the MAAP. The underestimation increases with increasing BC accumulation rate. At a flow rate of 16.7 l min−1 and concentration of about 24 μg m−3 (BC accumulation rate ∼0.4 μg min−1), the underestimation is about 30%. There are two ways of overcoming the MAAP artifact. One method is by logging the raw signal of the 165° photomultiplier measuring the reflected light from the filter spot. As this signal is not affected by the artifact, it can be converted to approximately correct absorption and BC values. However, as the typical print formats of the MAAP do not give the reflected signal as an output, a semi-empirical correction method was developed based on laboratory experiments to correct for the results in the post-processing phase. The correction function was applied to three MAAP datasets from Gual Pahari (India), Beijing (China), and Welgegund (South Africa). In Beijing, the results could also be compared against a Photo-Acoustic Spectrometer (PAS). The correction improved the quality of all three MAAP datasets substantially, even though the individual instruments operated at different flow rates and in different environments.

scholarly journals Mass concentrations of black carbon measured by four instruments in the middle of Central East China in June 2006

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (24) ◽  
pp. 7637-7649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Kanaya ◽  
Y. Komazaki ◽  
P. Pochanart ◽  
Y. Liu ◽  
H. Akimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Carbon ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
East China ◽  
Optical Instruments ◽  
Linear Least Square ◽  
Absorption Photometer ◽  
Minimum Ratio ◽  
Mass Concentrations

Abstract. Mass concentrations of black carbon (BC) were determined in June 2006 at the top of Mount Tai (36.26° N, 117.11° E, 1534 m a.s.l.), located in the middle of Central East China, using four different instruments: a multi-angle absorption photometer (5012 MAAP, Thermo), a particle soot absorption photometer (PSAP, Radiance Research), an ECOC semi-continuous analyzer (Sunset Laboratory) and an Aethalometer (AE-21, Magee Scientific). High correlation coefficients (R2>0.88) were obtained between the measurements of the BC mass concentrations made using the different instruments. From the range of the slopes of the linear least-square fittings, we concluded that BC concentrations regionally-representative of the area were measured in a range with a maximum-to-minimum ratio of 1.5 (an exception was that the BC (PM2.5) concentrations derived from MAAP were ~2 times higher than the optical measurements (PM2.5) derived from the ECOC analyzer). While this range is significant, it is still sufficiently narrow to better constrain the large and highly uncertain emission rate of BC from Central East China. In detail, two optical instruments (the MAAP and the PSAP equipped with a heated inlet 400°C) tended to give higher concentrations than the thermal EC concentrations observed by the ECOC analyzer. The ratios of optical BC to thermal EC showed a positive correlation with the OC/EC ratio reported by the ECOC analyzer, suggesting two explanations. One is that the optical instruments overestimated BC concentrations in spite of careful cancellation of the scattering effect in the MAAP instrument and the expected evaporation of volatile species by heating the inlet of the PSAP instrument. The other is that the determined split points between OC and EC were too late when a large amount of OC underwent charring during the analysis, resulting in an underestimation of EC by the ECOC analyzer. High ratios of optical BC to thermal EC were recorded when the NOx/NOy ratio was low, implying the coating of the particles became thicker in an aged air mass and thus resulted in the optical instruments overestimating BC concentrations because of the lensing effect.

scholarly journals On measurements of aerosol–gas composition of the atmosphere during two expeditions in 2013 along Northern Sea Route

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 16775-16859
Author(s):  
S. M. Sakerin ◽  
A. A. Bobrikov ◽  
O. A. Bukin ◽  
L. P. Golobokova ◽  
Vas. V. Pol'kin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Far East ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Layer Height ◽  
Boundary Layer Height ◽  
Vertical Fluxes ◽  
Carbon Mass ◽  
Mass Concentrations

Abstract. We presented the results of expedition measurements of the set of physical-chemical characteristics of atmospheric aerosol in water basins of Arctic and Far East seas, performed onboard RV Akademik Fedorov (17 August–22 September 2013) and RV Professor Khljustin (24 July–7 September 2013). The specific features of spatial distribution and time variations of aerosol optical depth (AOD) of the atmosphere in the wavelength range of 0.34–2.14 μm and boundary layer height, aerosol and black carbon mass concentrations, and disperse and chemical composition of aerosol are discussed. Over the Arctic Ocean (on the route of RV Akademik Fedorov) there is a decrease in aerosol and black carbon concentrations in northeastern direction: higher values were observed in the region of Spitsbergen and near the Kola Peninsula; and minimum values were observed at northern margins of the Laptev Sea. Average AOD (0.5 μm) values in this remote region were 0.03; the aerosol and black carbon mass concentrations were 875 and 22 ng m-3, respectively. The spatial distributions of most aerosol characteristics over Far East seas show their latitudinal decrease in the northern direction. On transit of RV Professor Khljustin from Japan to Chukchi Sea, the aerosol number concentration decreased, on the average, from 23.7 to 2.5 cm-3, the black carbon mass concentration decreased from 150 to 50 ng m-3, and AOD decreased from 0.19 to 0.03. We analyzed the variations in the boundary layer height, measured by ship-based lidar: the average value was 520 m, and the maximal value was 1200 m. In latitudinal distribution of the boundary layer height, there is a characteristic minimum at latitude of ∼ 55° N. For water basins of eight seas, we present the chemical compositions of water-soluble aerosol fraction (ions, elements) and small gaseous impurities, as well as estimates of their vertical fluxes. It is shown that substances are mainly (75–89 %) supplied from the atmosphere to the sea surface together with small gaseous impurities. The deposited ions account for from 11 to 24.5 %, and trace elements account for 0.2–0.4 %. The average vertical fluxes of aerosol substance are a factor of 4–7 larger in the Japan Sea than in the water basins of Arctic seas.

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