The impact of racial and ethnic disparities in inhaled corticosteroid adherence on healthcare expenditures in adults with asthma

Background: The impact of variable infection risk by race and ethnicity on the dynamics of SARS CoV-2 spread is largely unknown. Methods: Here, we fit structured compartmental models to seroprevalence data from New York State and analyze how herd immunity thresholds (HITs), final sizes, and epidemic risk changes across groups. Results: A simple model where interactions occur proportionally to contact rates reduced the HIT, but more realistic models of preferential mixing within groups increased the threshold toward the value observed in homogeneous populations. Across all models, the burden of infection fell disproportionately on minority populations: in a model fit to Long Island serosurvey and census data, 81% of Hispanics or Latinos were infected when the HIT was reached compared to 34% of non-Hispanic whites. Conclusions: Our findings, which are meant to be illustrative and not best estimates, demonstrate how racial and ethnic disparities can impact epidemic trajectories and result in unequal distributions of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Funding: K.C.M. was supported by National Science Foundation GRFP grant DGE1745303. Y.H.G. and M.L. were funded by the Morris-Singer Foundation.

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The Impact of Insurance Coverage in Diminishing Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Behavioral Health Services

Health Services Research ◽

10.1111/j.1475-6773.2012.01403.x ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 47 (3pt2) ◽

pp. 1322-1344 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Margarita Alegria ◽

Julia Lin ◽

Chih-Nan Chen ◽

Naihua Duan ◽

Benjamin Cook ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Services ◽

Behavioral Health ◽

Insurance Coverage ◽

Ethnic Disparities ◽

Racial And Ethnic Disparities ◽

Behavioral Health Services ◽

The Impact

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A Method to Measure the Impact of Primary Care Programs Targeted to Reduce Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Outcomes

Journal of Public Health Management and Practice ◽

10.1097/00124784-200305000-00010 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 243-248 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Stephen L. Luther ◽

James Studnicki ◽

Jeffrey Kromrey ◽

Kathleen Lomando-Frakes ◽

Pauline Grant ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Ethnic Disparities ◽

Racial And Ethnic Disparities ◽

The Impact

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Racial disparities in prevalence, determinants, and impacts of COVID-19 in pregnancy: Protocol for a study using data from New Jersey hospitals

10.1101/2021.05.23.21257672 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Slawa Rokicki ◽

Pauline Nguyen ◽

Alaine Sharpe ◽

Dyese Taylor ◽

Suzanne Spernal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Jersey ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Ethnic Disparities ◽

The United States ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Future Research ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Racial And Ethnic Disparities ◽

Infant Birth ◽

The Impact

Introduction Racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19 related infections, hospitalizations, and deaths have been well-documented. However, little research has examined racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19 prevalence, determinants, and impacts among pregnant women. Within the United States, New Jersey was an early epicenter of the pandemic and experienced high rates of disease in the fall of 2020. Methods This study uses data from two New Jersey hospitals, which implemented universal testing of COVID-19 of pregnant women admitted for labor and delivery starting in March 2020. We will estimate prevalence of COVID-19 between March 2020 and November 2020 and compare prevalence rates across race and ethnicity. We will conduct multivariable logistic regression analysis to examine the associations of COVID-19 infection with patient demographic and health status predictors. We will also use multivariable linear and logistic regressions to examine the impact of COVID-19 symptomatic and asymptomatic infection on maternal and infant birth outcomes. Discussion This study will generate important policy implications on birth equity in the time of COVID-19 and guide future research studies related to COVID-19 in pregnant women. Results of this study will help to guide interventions and policies to center safe, accessible, and equitable maternity care within the strategic response to the pandemic.

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Modeling the impact of racial and ethnic disparities on COVID-19 epidemic dynamics

10.1101/2021.01.15.21249881 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kevin C. Ma ◽

Tigist F. Menkir ◽

Stephen Kissler ◽

Yonatan H. Grad ◽

Marc Lipsitch

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Race And Ethnicity ◽

Census Data ◽

New York State ◽

Herd Immunity ◽

Ethnic Disparities ◽

Mixing Model ◽

Racial And Ethnic Disparities ◽

Seroprevalence Data ◽

The Impact

AbstractThe impact of variable infection risk by race and ethnicity on the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 spread is largely unknown. Here, we fit structured compartmental models to seroprevalence data from New York State and analyze how herd immunity thresholds (HITs), final sizes, and epidemic risk changes across racial and ethnic groups. A proportionate mixing model reduced the overall HIT, but more realistic levels of assortative mixing increased the threshold. Across all models, the burden of infection fell disproportionately on minority populations: in an assortative mixing model fit to Long Island census data, 80% of Hispanics or Latinos were infected when the HIT is reached compared to 33% of non-Hispanic whites. Our findings, which are meant to be illustrative and not best estimates, demonstrate how racial and ethnic disparities can impact epidemic trajectories and result in a dis-proportionate distribution of the burden of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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40339 Characterizing the impact of social and structural determinants of health on racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19 outcomes using electronic health record (EHR) data

Journal of Clinical and Translational Science ◽

10.1017/cts.2021.475 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-2

Author(s):

Lauren Heery ◽

Kristine Erlandson ◽

Krithika Suresh ◽

Karen Albright ◽

Lisa Schilling

Keyword(s):

Electronic Health Record ◽

Ethnic Disparities ◽

Determinants Of Health ◽

Health Record ◽

Racial And Ethnic Disparities ◽

Structural Determinants ◽

Electronic Health ◽

The Impact

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Impact of Race and Ethnicity on End-of-Life Experiences for Children With Cancer

American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine® ◽

10.1177/1049909119836939 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 36 (9) ◽

pp. 767-774 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Erica C. Kaye ◽

Courtney A. Gushue ◽

Samantha DeMarsh ◽

Jonathan Jerkins ◽

Chen Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

End Of Life ◽

Pediatric Cancer ◽

Race And Ethnicity ◽

Life Experiences ◽

Ethnic Disparities ◽

Racial And Ethnic Disparities ◽

Children With Cancer ◽

Hispanic Patients ◽

The Impact ◽

To Receive

Background: Racial and ethnic disparities in the provision of end-of-life care are well described in the adult oncology literature. However, the impact of racial and ethnic disparities at end of life in the context of pediatric oncology remains poorly understood. Objective: To investigate associations between end-of-life experiences and race/ethnicity for pediatric patients with cancer. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 321 children with cancer enrolled on a palliative care service at an urban pediatric cancer who died between 2011 and 2015. Results: Compared to white patients, black patients were more likely to receive cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR; odds ratio [OR]: 4.109, confidence interval [CI]: 1.432-11.790, P = .009) and underwent 3.136 (CI: 1.433-6.869, P = .004) CPR events for every 1 white patient CPR event. The remainder of variables related to treatment and end-of-life care were not significantly correlated with race. Hispanic patients were less likely to receive cancer-directed therapy within 28 days prior to death (OR: 0.493, CI: 0.247-0.982, P = .044) as compared to non-Hispanic patients, yet they were more likely to report a goal of cure over comfort as compared to non-Hispanic patients (OR: 3.094, CI: 1.043-9.174, P = .042). The remainder of variables were not found to be significantly correlated with ethnicity. Conclusions: Race and ethnicity influenced select end-of-life variables for pediatric palliative oncology patients treated at a large urban pediatric cancer center. Further multicenter investigation is needed to ascertain the impact of racial/ethnic disparities on end-of-life experiences of children with cancer.

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