Child soldiers in the civil war in Sierra Leone

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (87) ◽  
pp. 73-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Zack‐Williams
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Child Soldiers

Justice for Child Soldiers? The RUF Trial of the Special Court for Sierra Leone

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gus Waschefort
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Child Soldiers ◽  
Active Participation ◽  
Mens Rea ◽  
Child Soldier ◽  
Abstract Concepts ◽  
Specific Instance ◽  
Actus Reus ◽  
United Front

AbstractThe Revolutionary United Front (RUF) was the primary agitator during the decade-long civil war that ravaged Sierra Leone. One of the hallmarks of RUF tactics was the abduction and military use of children. The Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) issued an indictment against the high-command of the RUF. Each of the accused was charged with the enlistment, conscription or use of child soldiers. The Prosecutor v. Sesay, Kallon and Gbao case (RUF case) provides a cogent account of the crime of conscripting or using children younger than fifteen in hostilities. This paper tracks the development of the growing child soldier jurisprudence and plots the contribution of the RUF case. Specific emphasis is placed on the Court's application of abstract concepts to concrete situations, e.g. the determination whether a specific instance of child soldier use amounts to the child's 'active participation in hostilities'. The paper follows a progression whereby the chapeau requirements of Article 4 of the Statute of the SCSL are first assessed and thereafter the actus reus and mens rea elements of the substantive crime of enlisting, conscripting or using children in hostilities are examined in light of the RUF case.

Child Soldiers and the Contested Imaginary of Community after War

Out of War ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 198-217
Author(s):  
Mariane C. Ferme
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
War Crimes ◽  
Child Soldiers ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Child Soldier ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
International War ◽  
War Crimes Tribunals

This chapter examines the emergence of the figure of the child soldier in African conflicts and of the criminalization of forced conscription of children in combat in international war crimes jurisprudence, particularly at the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL)—one of the first war crimes tribunals to secure convictions on this count. The chapter examines the context of a civil war that often split small-scale communities and of a society that offers individuals multiple communities of belonging, thus complicating choices about the reintegration of demobilized, war-affected youth. Through two cases of war-affected youth, the chapter questions the humanitarian application of “normative post-traumatic” practices of psychological narrativization of trauma, leading to ambiguous and ambivalent returns in communities of origin, where forms of collective forgetting were preferred as strategies for addressing harms and war reparations.

scholarly journals Kerjasama UNICEF dan IRC dalam Penegakan Hak Anak di Sierra Leone

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
Damar Kusumawardani
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Child Soldiers ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Girl Child ◽  
Sierra Leonean ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Children Rights

Sierra Leone was one of the countries with the largest use of child soldiers during the civil war between 1991-2002. Girl child soldiers made up to 30 percent of the total child soldiers involved in the Sierra Leone civil war. The Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration program (DDR) which was one of the UN mandate as a post-conflict peace consolidation could only reach 506 out of a total of 6,845 child soldiers who have been disarmed. This was because the requirement for the disarmament phase was to hand in their weapon, while many girls were not equipped with weapon by their armed forces commander considering that most of them acted as cooks, house workers, and bush wives. UNICEF and IRC as international organizations then carried out further DDR projects with more gender-responsive and community-based with gender mainstreaming and inclusive citizenship policies to enforce children rights of Sierra Leonean girl soldiers who previously had not included in DDR program. This paper will discuss the enforcement of children rights of Sierra Leonean girl soldiers in the furtjer DDR projects.

Enslaving Globalization: Slavery, Civil War, and Modernity in Sierra Leone

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-74
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Sierra Leone

Language Movement and Civil War in West Africa

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ericka A. Albaugh
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Political Process ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Language Spread ◽  
The 1960S

This chapter examines how civil war can influence the spread of language. Specifically, it takes Sierra Leone as a case study to demonstrate how Krio grew from being primarily a language of urban areas in the 1960s to one spoken by most of the population in the 2000s. While some of this was due to “normal” factors such as population movement and growing urbanization, the civil war from 1991 to 2002 certainly catalyzed the process of language spread in the 1990s. Using census documents and surveys, the chapter tests the hypothesis at the national, regional, and individual levels. The spread of a language has political consequences, as it allows for citizen participation in the political process. It is an example of political scientists’ approach to uncovering the mechanisms for and evidence of language movement in Africa.

Book Reviews

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 216-225
Author(s):  
Timo Kallinen ◽  
Michael D. Jackson ◽  
Gisela Welz ◽  
Hastings Donnan ◽  
Jeevan Raj Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
University Of Pennsylvania ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
Duke University ◽  
In Memoriam ◽  
The Republic

Crude Domination: An Anthropology of Oil Andrea Behrends, Stephen P. Reyna, and Günter Schlee, eds. New York and Oxford: Berghahn Books, 2011. 325 pp. Hardcover ISBN 978-0-85745-255-9.The War Machines: Young Men and Violence in Sierra Leone and Liberia Danny Hoffman. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2011. 295 pp. Paper ISBN 978-0-8223-5077-4.The Make-Believe Space: Affective Geography in a Postwar Polity Yael Navaro-Yashin. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2012. 270 pp. Paper ISBN 978-0-8223-5204-4.The Risk of War: Everyday Sociality in the Republic of Macedonia Vasiliki P. Neofotistos. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2012. 216 pp. Hardcover ISBN 978-0-8122-4399-4.Maoists at the Hearth: Everyday Life in Nepal’s Civil War Judith Pettigrew. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013. 200 pp. Hardcover ISBN 978-0-8122-4492-2.In Memoriam

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