Russian Recognition of Macedonia’s New Name

The senseless name dispute and the renaming of the constitutional name of the Republic of Macedonia, which was perceived by the Western countries as a «technical obstacle» to the country's NATO and EU accession, was in fact a part of the Macedonian southern neighbor’s long-term plan to erase the Macedonian identity by violating the Macedonian people's right to national self-determination. Since, any change in the name of a country automatically entailed consequences for the national and cultural identity of the Macedonians - the titular people of the country. Russian diplomacy closely followed the events in the country and thoroughly knew the essence of the political crisis that began in 2015 which eventually ended with the renaming of the country against the will of the Macedonian people. The Russian decision to retreat from the intention to challenge the Prespa agreement in the UN Security Council as contradictory to the international law and violating Macedonian 1991 Constitution questioned the role of the Russian diplomacy in upholding the principles and norms of the rule of international law in the world. The subsequent recognition of Macedonia’s new name by Russia forced many in the Republic of Macedonia to include Russia, an indisputable fighter for justice in a multipolar world, in the list of countries involved in the national “depersonalization” of Macedonia, which appeared on the political map of Europe as a result of the anti-fascist liberation movement of the Macedonian people.

Heraldry in the Republic of Macedonia (1991–2019)

Every European country now has some distinctive heraldic conventions and traditions embodied in the designs and artistic representations of the emblems forming part of its national corpus. This paper deals with these matters in the period from independence in 1991 to the recent change of name in 2019. It deals with the successive designs proposed for the emblem of the state itself, some of which conformed to international heraldic conventions closely enough to be called “arms” or “coats of arms”, not including the emblem adopted in 2009. Special attention is given to the distinctive conventions created for municipal heraldry, including its novel legal framework, as well as those governing personal heraldry developed in the twenty-first century. The paper examines the evolution of heraldic thought and practice in Macedonia in the three decades in question, especially in the context of the Macedonian Heraldic Society and its journal, The Macedonian Herald, and its Register of Arms and the Civic Heraldic System it created.

THE SITUATION WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES IN MACEDONIA IN RELATION TO THE SOURCES FOR THEIR FINANCING

The impact of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in employment and value added in the Republic of Macedonia registered a slight increase in the period from 2009 to 2013. Just like in other economies in the region, most SMEs work in the wholesale and retail trade sector (44.0%), followed by the manufacturing sector (13.0%) (OECD 2016). Based on the importance of SMEs in the Macedonian economy in general, this paper aims to point out the gap that exists between the well-identified weakness of the Macedonian economy towards stimulating the life expectancy of SMEs on the one hand and their development on the other, emphasized in the forms of the sources of funding available to them. For that purpose are used statistical analyzes and comparisons, and are accepted conclusions about the current situation with the SMEs environment and the forms of financing of SMEs in Macedonia

The Vlachs in Macedonia in the 19th and 20th centuries

The article summarizes the known data about the localization and numerical distribution of various Vlach groups in Macedonia in the 19th and 20th centuries. Each Vlach group’s (Moscopolitan; Grammoustian; Farsherot and Moglenite Vlachs) migrations are analyzed separately, following them from their starting points from which they ventured forth and dispersed all over Ottoman Macedonia at the end of the 18th century, all the way to their dwellings in late 20th century in North Macedonia. In the second part of the article we review the thorough, yet unofficial statistics of Gustav Weigand and Vasil Kanchov about the number of Vlachs in Ottoman Macedonia, as well as the number and territorial distribution of the Vlachs in Macedonia, as shown in the 1921 census in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, the Yugoslav census from 1931, the six censuses conducted in socialist Yugoslavia in 1948, 1953, 1961, 1971, 1981 and 1991, and the two censuses in the Republic of Macedonia from 1994 and 2002.

Heraldry in the Republic of Macedonia (1991-2019)

Every country has some specific heraldry. In this paper, we will consider heraldry in the Republic of Macedonia, understood by the multitude of coats of arms, and armorial knowledge and art. The paper covers the period from independence until the name change (1991-2019). It covers the state coat of arms of the Republic of Macedonia especially the 2009 change. Special attention is given to the development of the municipal heraldry, including the legal system covering the subject. Also personal heraldry developed in 21 century is considered. The paper covers the development of heraldry and the heraldic thought in the given period, including the role of the Macedonian Heraldic Society and its journal Macedonian Herald in development of theoretic and practical heraldry, as well as its Register of arms and the Macedonian Civic Heraldic System.

In the Shadow of Kosovo. Divergent National Pathways and the Politics of Differentiation in the Socialist Republic of Macedonia

The author examines the roots of Albanian nationalism in Yugoslavia, focusing on the Socialist Republic of Macedonia (SRM). He displays regional historical developments, interethnic relations, and Kosovo’s political impact upon Albanians in Macedonia. By analysing Macedonian and Albanian nation-building processes from an entangled and comparative perspective, he sheds light on shifting power constellations, divergent social developments, and asynchronous processes of national emancipation. After the occurrence in 1981 of Albanian demonstrations in Kosovo and in western Macedonia, officials in the SRM aimed at counteracting Albanian nationalism with a policy of differentiation—that is, they aimed at drawing a clear dividing line between Albanians loyal or disloyal to Yugoslavia. This punitive policy failed on all levels, further deepening the social divisions between the two major ethnic communities of the SRM and alienating even those Albanians well integrated in the common state and republic.

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Food Research, Vol. 10 No. 4

Journal of Food Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated. Journal of Food Research is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please contact us for the application form at: [email protected] Reviewers for Volume 10, Number 4   Ammar Eltayeb Ali Hassan, University of Tromsø, Norway Bruno Alejandro Irigaray, Facultad de Química, Uruguay Claudia Alejandra Narvaez, University of Manitoba, Canada Corina-aurelia Zugravu, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Romania Diego A. Moreno-Fernández, CEBAS-CSIC, Spain Elke Rauscher-Gabernig, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Austria Elsa M Goncalves, Instituto Nacional de Investigacao Agrária (INIA), Portugal Emma Chiavaro, University of Parma, Italy J. Basilio Heredia, Research Center for Food and Development, Mexico Liana Claudia Salanta, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Romania Mohd Nazrul Hisham Daud, Malaysian Agricultural Research & Development Institute, Malaysia Philippa Chinyere Ojimelukwe, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, Nigeria Rania I. M. Almoselhy, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt Vezirka Jankuloska, University "St. Kliment Ohridski"- Bitola, Republic of Macedonia Y. Riswahyuli, Gadah Mada University, Indonesia

The City of Solidarity's Diverse Legacies: A Framework for Interpreting the Local Memory of the 1963 Skopje Earthquake and the Post-earthquake Urban Reconstruction

On July 26, 1963, a calamitous tremor struck Skopje, the capital of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia, the southernmost Yugoslav federal unit. The politically nonaligned Yugoslav government immediately issued a call for help for its third-largest city. The call was initially picked up by the Yugoslav republics, who were then followed by more than 80 states across the globe and a high number of international organizations, all providing help to Skopje and Skopjans in the aftermath of the catastrophe—an episode of human solidarity many contemporaries described as unprecedented. This paper aims to provide an overview of commemorative activities held in Skopje from 1964 to 2020 related to the 1963 Skopje earthquake. I aim to reconstruct both the commemorative events and commemorative narratives about the 1963 Skopje earthquake in Skopje as well as its major memory agents and agencies by triangulating archival materials, media and institutional discourses, and secondary literature. I identify and discuss three commemorative phases, 1963–81, 1981–2000, and 2001–20, and I structure the argument on the multidirectionality of the notion of solidarity in the public domain.

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Food Research, Vol. 10 No. 3

Journal of Food Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated. Journal of Food Research is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please contact us for the application form at: [email protected] Reviewers for Volume 10, Number 3 Adele Papetti, University of Pavia, Italy Bruno Alejandro Irigaray, Facultad de Química, Uruguay Cheryl Rosita Rock, California State University, United States Essence Jeanne Picones Logan, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines Gisele Fátima Morais Nunes, Federal Center of Technological Education of Minas Gerais, Brazil Jose Maria Zubeldia, Clinical Regulatory Consultant for the HIV & Hepatitis C initiative at Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative, Spain Juliano De Dea Lindner, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Brazil Liana Claudia Salanta, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Romania Meena Somanchi, United States Department of Agriculture, United States Mohd Nazrul Hisham Daud, Malaysian Agricultural Research & Development Institute, Malaysia Ningning Zhao, Oregon Health & Science University, United States Qinlu Lin, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, China Rozilaine A. P. G. Faria, Federal Institute of Science, Education and Technology of Mato Grosso, Brazil Tanima Bhattacharya, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia Tzortzis Nomikos, Harokopio University, Greece Vezirka Jankuloska, University "St. Kliment Ohridski" - Bitola, Republic of Macedonia Violeta Ivanova-Petropulos, University "Goce Delcev" - Stip, Republic of Macedonia Zahra Saleh Ahmed, National Research Centre, Egypt