Reproducing the Original Plan of the Abbasid Friday Mosque at Esfahan and its First Enlargement

Abstract Background Daily anatomical deviations may distort the dose distribution in carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT), which may cause treatment failure. Therefore, this study aimed to perform re-planning to maintain the dose coverage in patients with pancreatic cancer with passive scattering CIRT. Methods Eight patients with pancreatic cancer and 95 daily computed tomography (CT) sets were examined. Two types of adaptive plans based on new range compensators (RCs) (AP-1) and initial RCs (AP-2) were generated. In AP-2, each beam was optimized by manually adjusting the range shifter thickness and spread-out Bragg peak size to make dose reduction by < 3% of the original plan. Doses of the original plan with bone matching (BM) and tumor matching (TM) were examined for comparison. We calculated the accumulated dose using the contour and intensity-based deformable image registration algorithm. The dosimetric differences in respect to the original plan were compared between methods. Results Using TM and BM, mean ± standard deviations of daily CTV V95 (%) difference from the original plan was − 5.1 ± 6.2 and − 8.8 ± 8.8, respectively, but 1.2 ± 3.4 in AP-1 and − 0.5 ± 2.1 in AP-2 (P < 0.001). AP-1 and AP-2 enabled to maintain a satisfactory accumulated dose in all patients. The dose difference was 1.2 ± 2.8, − 2,1 ± 1.7, − 7.1 ± 5.2, and − 16.5 ± 15.0 for AP-1, AP-2, TM, and BM, respectively. However, AP-2 caused a dose increase in the duodenum, especially in the left–right beam. Conclusions The possible dose deterioration should be considered when performing the BM, even TM. Re-planning based on single beam optimization in passive scattering CIRT seems an effective and safe method of ensuring the treatment robustness in pancreatic cancer. Further study is necessary to spare healthy tissues, especially the duodenum.

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Oxon Run Parkway: Paleontological resource inventory; supplement to the National Capital Parks-East paleontological resource inventory

10.36967/nrr-2287217 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Margot Nelson ◽

Michael Antonioni ◽

Vincent Santucci ◽

Justin Tweet

Keyword(s):

Coastal Plain ◽

District Of Columbia ◽

Atlantic Coastal Plain ◽

Natural Area ◽

Original Plan ◽

Resource Inventory ◽

National Capital ◽

Park Service ◽

History Of ◽

Atlantic Coastal

Oxon Run Parkway (OXRN) is a 51-hectare (126-acre) natural area within Washington, D.C. administered by the National Park Service under National Capital Parks East (NACE). The original plan called for a road, slated to follow Oxon Run stream, but this never came to fruition; despite this, the moniker stuck. The majority of the original Oxon Run Parkway is managed by the District of Columbia. The section of Oxon Run Parkway under NPS jurisdiction contains wetlands and forests, as well as the only McAteean magnolia bogs still remaining in the District. The lower Cretaceous Potomac Group, known as one of the few dinosaur-bearing rock units on the east coast of North America, crops out within Oxon Run. One of the most prevalent fossil-bearing resources are the siderite, or “bog iron” sandstone slabs that sometimes preserve the footprints or trackways of various vertebrates, including dinosaurs. Such trackways have been reported from Potomac Group outcrops throughout the Atlantic Coastal Plain of Maryland and Virginia. In 2019, National Capital Parks-East took possession of such a track, referred to a dinosaur, collected by paleontologist Dr. Peter Kranz. This report was compiled after a paleontological survey of Oxon Run Parkway and is intended as a supplement to the National Capital Parks East Paleontological Resource Inventory (Nelson et al. 2019). This report contains information on the history of Oxon Run Parkway and its geology, as well as discussion of the fossil track.

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The Aschaffenburg model: addenda to JRA Suppl. 98

Journal of Roman Archaeology ◽

10.1017/s1047759418001320 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 267-284

Author(s):

Anne Laidlaw

Keyword(s):

Detailed Analysis ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Full Description ◽

Napoleonic Wars ◽

Wall Paintings ◽

Original Plan ◽

Final Study ◽

Main House

V. Kockel has discussed the model as one of the few surviving examples of a form of three-dimensional archaeological recording that was developed by the Padiglione family and other model-makers for the King of the Two Sicilies. Here I provide comparisons with the extant remains of the house, to illustrate how much more we can learn from the model of specific details of the structure and decoration that have been lost since 1840, when the building was still in a remarkably better state of preservation. Aside from the inevitable gradual deterioration of wall-paintings and pavements, which remained almost completely open to the elements after the original excavation was completed in 1809, a direct hit by a bomb on September 23, 1943, left the SE corner a mound of overgrown ruins. In 1970-72, when the Soprintendenza completely roofed the main house block, cleared the bomb rubble, and added low modern walls along the lines of the destroyed rooms to give tourists some idea of the original plan, I directed 37 soundings below the level of A.D. 79. Then between 2005 and 2007, as part of the Progetto Regio VI under F. Coarelli and F. Pesando, M. Stella and I added 17 more soundings, mainly in the area of the peristyle and on the S side of the house. Our final study of the house provided a detailed analysis of its original excavation during the Napoleonic Wars, a full description of the extant rooms and building history, and reports on our excavations.

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The Original Plan of the Erechtheum

American Journal of Archaeology ◽

10.2307/497700 ◽

1921 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 130

Author(s):

Charles Heald Weller

Keyword(s):

Original Plan

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Introduction to ‘The Change in the Original Plan for Marx’s Capital and Its Causes’

Historical Materialism ◽

10.1163/1569206x-12341307 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 117-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rick Kuhn

Keyword(s):

Outstanding Contribution ◽

Levels Of Analysis ◽

Original Plan ◽

Principal Work

AbstractIn his essay, Henryk Grossman made a powerful case for the continued relevance of Marxist economics. He argued thatCapitalis a fundamentally coherent whole, structured by Marx’s method of moving systematically from more abstract to more concrete levels of analysis. Despite considerable subsequent debate and research, Grossman’s account remains the outstanding contribution to our understanding of this aspect of Marx’s principal work.

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Conclusion

The First Victory ◽

10.12987/yale/9780300208559.003.0011 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Andrew Stewart

Keyword(s):

East Africa ◽

Military History ◽

Great Success ◽

Original Plan

This concluding chapter discusses how the campaign in East Africa was a great success both for the British and Commonwealth forces and the commanders who led them. A massive pincer movement through Italian Somaliland and Ethiopia converged with another that had advanced through Eritrea, and ended with a final series of assaults against a remote Italian mountain fortress. With a speed and comprehensiveness that was not foreseen in the original plan, an eventually significant victory came about gradually through the development of events and the overwhelming of a confused and progressively shattered opponent. This was the unanimous view of the small number of published eyewitness accounts where it was described as a military masterpiece of its time, whilst another conclusion stated that the campaign would go down in military history as a classic.

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Reading Camps and Travelling Libraries in New Ontario, 1900-1905

Historical Studies in Education / Revue d'histoire de l'éducation ◽

10.32316/hse/rhe.v26i2.4386 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Lorne D. Bruce

Keyword(s):

Adult Learning ◽

Joint Venture ◽

Public Support ◽

Department Of Education ◽

Primary Sources ◽

Northern Ontario ◽

Government Action ◽

Learning Techniques ◽

Original Plan ◽

Key Issues

AbstractIn 1900, the Ontario Department of Education and Alfred Fitzpatrick engaged in an experiment to supply books to reading camps for lumber, mining, and railway workers in Northern Ontario. The center-periphery interplay between education officials and Fitzpatrick gave birth to two important adult education agencies: Frontier College and Ontario’s travelling library system. Although the Department partially accepted Fitzpatrick’s original plan for library extension, he garnered enough public support and employer endorsements to leverage government action on key issues related to a systematic book supply, the reduction of illiteracy, and non-formal adult learning techniques. This paper uses primary sources to examine the differing objectives held by Fitzpatrick and the Department during their initial joint venture prior to the Ontario election of 1905. The study highlights why travelling libraries became a provincial responsibility; as well, it shows Fitzpatrick reshaped his original plans by practical interactions with resource workers that led to new approaches for adult learning at the outset of the 20th century.RésuméEn 1900, le Département de l’éducation de l’Ontario et Alfred Fitzpatrick se lancent dans une expérience : celle d’approvisionner en livres les camps des travailleurs forestiers, des mines et des chemins de fer dans le Nord ontarien. Cette interaction « centre-périphérie », des fonctionnaires et de Fitzpatrick, a donné naissance à deux agences importantes d’éducation aux adultes : le Frontier College et le système ontarien de bibliothèques ambulantes. Bien que le Département ait accepté partiellement le plan originel de Fitzpatrick pour l’expansion du système de bibliothèques, ce dernier a pu compter sur un soutien suffisant de la part du public et des employeurs pour motiver le gouvernement à agir sur des questions clés comme l’approvisionnement en livres, la diminution de l’analphabétisme et l’application de techniques d’apprentissage non-formelles pour les adultes. Cet article s’appuie sur des sources primaires afin d’examiner les objectifs divergents de Fitzpatrick et du Département au début de leur entreprise commune, et ce, avant l’élection provinciale de 1905. L’auteur expose pourquoi les bibliothèques ambulantes sont passées sous la responsabilité provinciale. Il montre également que Fitzpatrick a adapté ses plans originaux à la suite d’interactions avec des travailleurs-ressources qui menèrent à de nouvelles approches en éducation aux adultes au début du vingtième siècle.

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Mathematical Elucidation of the Traditional Japanese Fan Focusing on Its Structure

10.1115/detc2021-68773 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Keiko Yamazaki ◽

Fujiko Abe ◽

Ichiro Hagiwara

Keyword(s):

Dimensional Space ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Traditional Culture ◽

Future Research ◽

Original Form ◽

Digital Museum ◽

Plan View ◽

Original Plan ◽

The World ◽

Three Dimensional Space

Abstract The Japanese traditional fan, which is a form of origami originating in Japan with a folding culture, has a variety of three-dimensional expression that differs from two-dimensional expression. The image painted on the fan deforms when the fan is folded. In this study, we create a digital fan model for clarifying the deformation on the fan face according to parameters such as length of the bamboo bones. We then validate the digital model with an actual fan. Furthermore, we obtain the original plan view from images of the folded fan as a reverse problem. Because folding fans are made of paper and bamboo and held in the hand, old traditional folding fans are more or less damaged; for example, many culturally valuable folding fans have lost their bones and have damaged edges, have been stretched flat, and have been framed like paintings. Reproducing the original fan without information of the original form is difficult. In the present study, we provide a digital fan model for examining the original fan shape. Old valuable folding fans are treasured by museums and collectors around the world. In future research, we would like to capture such precious folding fans in three-dimensional space applying our digital fan model and to exhibit these fans in a digital museum, providing opportunities not only to enjoy the value of the fans but also to encourage the research of Japanese traditional culture.

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Family

Cemberlitas Hamami in Istanbul ◽

10.3366/edinburgh/9781474434102.003.0003 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 52-72

Author(s):

Nina Macaraig

Keyword(s):

Economic Relations ◽

Soup Kitchen ◽

Friday Mosque

This chapter describes the endowment that Nurbanu Sultan established, including a Friday mosque with many dependencies (schools, hospital, soup kitchen, inn) on the hills of Üsküdar. Furthermore, it analyses the economic relations between the charitable and the revenue-generating buildings and properties. Among these revenue-generating buildings counted the Çemberlitaş Hamamı, together with the Atik Valide Hamamı and the Büyük Hamam and the Havuzlu Hamam. Like a large, immobile grandee who lived a pious life in his mansion, distributing charity in the form of food, money and medicine to his kapı halkı, his retinue of dependents living in the neighbourhood, the mosque complex was not able to conduct the business necessary to sponsor that charity. Rather, it sent out its four sons (the four hamams) and relatives of its sons’ generation (residences, shops, workshops, mansions, farms and pastures) to do business on its behalf and to generate the large sums of money it needed to sustain itself and its philanthropic activities.

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Hope for Redemption

Struggling for Air ◽

10.1093/oso/9780190233112.003.0010 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Richard Revesz ◽

Jack Lienke

Keyword(s):

Sulfur Dioxide ◽

Heat Input ◽

Performance Standards ◽

Ohio River ◽

Implementation Plan ◽

Emission Standard ◽

Court Of Appeals ◽

Original Plan ◽

The U.S

The Walter C. Beckjord Generating Station sits on the banks of the Ohio River, less than twenty miles southeast of Cincinnati, in Clermont County, Ohio. Beckjord offers a near-perfect case study of the costs of grandfathering. Construction of the plant was announced in November 1948, and its first 100-megawatt coal unit was operational by June 1952. Five additional units came online between 1953 and 1969. Because the units were constructed prior to 1971, all were exempt from the EPA’s New Source Performance Standards. For most of the 1970s, they also managed to avoid complying with any emission limitation under Ohio’s implementation plan for meeting the sulfur dioxide NAAQS, even though Ohio’s original plan, approved by the EPA in 1972, would have subjected Beckjord to a state emission standard—1.6 pounds of SO2 per million Btus of heat input—that was only 33 percent less stringent than the federal new-source standard of 1.2 lbs/MMBtu. In 1973, Ohio utilities convinced the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit to invalidate the Ohio plan on procedural grounds. The court ordered the EPA to hold an additional hearing at which regulated plants could voice their objections, but before the agency could oblige, the governor of Ohio withdrew the plan from consideration. A year later, Ohio submitted a far less stringent proposal that would have allowed Beckjord to continue emitting at its uncontrolled level: 4.8 lbs/MMBtu. But that plan, too, was struck down on procedural grounds, this time by a state environmental review board. In 1976, after Ohio failed to offer any replacement for its second proposal, the EPA stepped in with a federal plan that would limit Beckjord’s emissions to 2.02 lbs/MMBtu. (This, according to the latest EPA computer modeling, was the level necessary for Ohio to attain the sulfur dioxide NAAQS.) After yet more litigation by Ohio utilities—including Beckjord’s owner, Cincinnati Gas & Electric—the bulk of the federal plan was upheld in 1978. (In rejecting the utilities’ challenge, the Sixth Circuit noted that Ohio was the only state in the country that still lacked an enforceable SO2 implementation plan.)

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