Use of design methods in optimising the economic resources of an enterprise

The main objective of the article was to show the relationship between the selection of appropriate economic indicators, correlating them with the appropriate project methods used in process management, and on the basis of this to show ways to improve management processes in this method. Presentation of economic resources, indicator dependencies and management tools in the project method was necessary to achieve the goal. The paper presents the authors' views on the essence of tool selection in the design method taking into account resources and economic aspects. The VUCA environment is also considered and characterized and described. The use of two methods adapted to project management has been proposed. The selection of these methods used in project management based on the analysis of economic resources, vibrating environment and the speed of response and planning in the company was justified. In the following article, the authors also proposed a selection of economic indicators on the basis of which it is possible to determine the degree of advancement of the project, its profitability and to indicate the critical points and places where delays may occur or the original plan may be exceeded. The indicators were selected in such a way as to be a representative group of comparisons in the field of economics, in the macro and micro environment, in the social field, in the resource field of the company and to show the economic aspect of these activities. By matching appropriate methods of project management with appropriate economic indicators, a model of economic-management relations was obtained, which used in management streamlines decision-making processes in the company and improves its effectiveness, profitability and resource efficiency.

A Prototype of Vadim Roshchin in the “White” Version of Alexey N. Tolstoy's Trilogy The Road to Calvary

The article is devoted to the reconstruction of the idea of the white version of the second volume of A.N. Tolstoy's trilogy The Road to Calvary , created by the writer in the emigration in 1921-1923. This idea was fundamentally different from the one embodied by A.N. Tolstoy after his return to the USSR. Materials published in 1918 in the Rostov magazine Donskaya Volna ( Don Wave ) are used for the reconstruction. Those materials help to identify Colonel V.K. Manakin as a supposed prototype of one of the main characters, Vadim Roshchin, in the final chapters of the first volume of the trilogy and in the first chapters of the second volume of the white version. The prototype makes it feasible to reconstruct the possible idea of the second volume of the white version of The Road to Calvary . A.N. Tolstoy's notebooks are also used for the reconstruction. The reconstruction of A.N. Tolstoys plan turned out to be more logically consistent compared to the only existing Soviet version of the second and third volumes of the trilogy The Road to Calvary. Both Roshchin and Telegin, in the emigrant version of the first volume of the trilogy act as ideologists of the White Movement, find themselves in the White Armies of Southern Russia, and then in exile. The study shows that the transition of the main characters to the Red Movement in the Soviet version of The Road to Calvary is artistically unconvincing, since it does not correspond to the original plan of A.N. Tolstoy, embodied in the emigrant version of Sisters .

A Crime Organizer in the General Part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and Special Rules on Complicity of the Special Part

A paper provides a comprehensive study of the role of the organizer in crimes without compulsory complicity and in crimes prohibited by special provisions on complicity of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (Under the special rules on complicity in this work we understand two types of norms of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation: 1) rules establishing responsibility for combining several persons into a criminal group — Art. 209, 210 and others; 2) establishing responsibility for instigators, organizers, accomplices and other accomplices directly in the Special Part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation — Art. 205.1, etc.). The paper considers the issues of distinguishing the role of the organizer from the role of the instigator to the commission of a crime and an accomplice in the commission of a crime. In judicial practice, errors are often encountered both in the form of excessive (when the instigator is recognized as the organizer) and in the form of insufficient qualifications (when the organizer is recognized only as an instigator or accomplice). Such a variant of over-qualification is also possible, when the organizer is recognized as both an accomplice and an instigator to committing a crime, although the role of the organizer should absorb these functions. The paper considers the issues of qualification of the actions of the organizer and other accomplices of the crime, when, in the process of directing the commission of the crime, the organizer changes the direction of the actions of the accomplices in comparison with the original plan of action. The Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation in some decisions recommends not to take into account the role of the organizer when committing a crime as part of an organized group (to recognize him as a co-executor of the crime). In the educational literature, this is considered as a universal rule for qualifying crimes committed by an organized group. The Criminal Code of the Russian Federation does not provide grounds for such a qualification. In judicial practice, there is no uniformity on this issue. The role of the organizer in crimes without obligatory complicity distinguishes from the role of the organizer in organized groups and criminal communities (special rules on complicity) in that in the first situation the organizer is subject to responsibility only if preparations for a specific crime are started, and in the second situation, regardless of the crime preparation commencement, but from the moment the corresponding organized group or criminal community was created.

Optimalisasi Biaya dan Waktu Proyek Kontruksi Pelebaran Jalan Menggunakan Earned Value

In a construction project, there are several aspects that cause the project not to go according to plan. Cost and time are aspects that need to be considered to avoid losses incurred in a project. Jombang-ploso-legundi-gresik road project is one of the road widening projects carried out by PT. Mix Pro Indonesia. The project was carried out with the aim that access to (Surabaya-Mojokerto) or further trans Java toll road is quicker safe and smoother. This research aims to optimize the cost and time on the project using the Earned Value method. Calculations include the calculation of ACWP (Actual Cost of Work Performance), BCWS (Budgeted Cost Work Schedule), and BCWP (Budgeted Cost for Work Performed) using the Earned Value method. From these parameters, estimate aspects of cost and time. As well as project analysis of acceleration on a critical trajectory of work. The results of calculations in the 12th week obtained a BCWS value of Rp 1,216,677,846,400 BCWP = Rp 3,040,372,140,080, ACWP = Rp 3,678,560,000. CV value = -Rp 109,203,495.92, SV = Rp 895,646,816.82, CPI = 0.827, and for SPI = 2,499. From these results it can be seen that the CPI value < 1 which means that there are project expenditures that exceed the original plan. With the results, it can be used as a reference in the implementation of project activities.

Contrastive Explanations of Plans through Model Restrictions

In automated planning, the need for explanations arises when there is a mismatch between a proposed plan and the user’s expectation. We frame Explainable AI Planning as an iterative plan exploration process, in which the user asks a succession of contrastive questions that lead to the generation and solution of hypothetical planning problems that are restrictions of the original problem. The object of the exploration is for the user to understand the constraints that govern the original plan and, ultimately, to arrive at a satisfactory plan. We present the results of a user study that demonstrates that when users ask questions about plans, those questions are usually contrastive, i.e. “why A rather than B?”. We use the data from this study to construct a taxonomy of user questions that often arise during plan exploration. Our approach to iterative plan exploration is a process of successive model restriction. Each contrastive user question imposes a set of constraints on the planning problem, leading to the construction of a new hypothetical planning problem as a restriction of the original. Solving this restricted problem results in a plan that can be compared with the original plan, admitting a contrastive explanation. We formally define model-based compilations in PDDL2.1 for each type of constraint derived from a contrastive user question in the taxonomy, and empirically evaluate the compilations in terms of computational complexity. The compilations were implemented as part of an explanation framework supporting iterative model restriction. We demonstrate its benefits in a second user study.

Participatory photography and undocumented migration through Mexico at the intersection of social work and anthropology

This article reflects on participatory photography in the context of ethnographic fieldwork at a humanitarian migrant shelter in Central Mexico to consider broader intersections between social work and anthropology. I describe how shifting immigration enforcement trends across Mexico reconfigured my original plan for integrating participatory photography into my work as a researcher and shelter worker. Tracing these changes through three cases examples, I highlight tensions between photography as a reflection of social experience and photography as a mechanism for enacting social change. In light of recent critiques surrounding formulaic and cursory discussions of empowerment in participatory photography, I argue that unexpected shifts in research and practice strategies are themselves meaningful data, especially in uncertain policy environments.

INDUSTRIALS SIMULATION MODELING TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY IN AUTOMATIC PRODUCTION LINE EQUIPMENT CRYSTALS

Currently, the application of technical advances to production plays an important role in improving productivity and saving production costs. The techniques applying information technology bring high efficiency, accuracy, reliability, pre-assessment of the results. Modeling and simulation are method that are widely used from research, design, manufacturing to operate the systems. With the help of computers, with high computational speed and large memory, the modeling method was strongly developed, bringing great efficiency in research and production practice. The assessment of effective use of equipment in the production line has a decisive role in increasing the productivity and decreasing cost. Therefore, the analysis and evaluation of the production line by the simulation model method is highly practical, bringing many effects in the management and use of equipment. In this study, a simulation of a specific problem was performed to estimate the simulated workshop. Then, building a new plan and comparing the proposed plane with the original plan to provide the reasonable solutions for the production process to effectively use the equipment in the production line.

Can a vaccine-led approach end the NSW outbreak in 100 days, or at least substantially reduce morbidity and mortality?

Background and Aims The New South Wales (NSW) COVID-19 outbreak is at 478 daily cases on August 16, 2021. Our aims were to: 1) estimate the time required to reach ≤5 cases per day under three lockdown strengths (weak, moderate, strong), and four vaccination rollouts: (a) per the original plan, (b) prioritizing essential workers, (c) b plus rapid vaccination of 25% of <60-year-olds with AstraZeneca (AZ25), and (d) b plus rapid vaccination of 50% of <60-year-olds with AstraZeneca (AZ50). 2) estimate the number of cases, hospitalizations, and deaths in the 100 days after 1/August for the 12 scenarios. Methods An agent-based model was adapted to NSW and the Delta variant. Hospitalization and mortality rates for unvaccinated COVID-19 infections were doubled given the virulence of Delta. Results The business-as-usual rollout fully vaccinates 50%, 70% and 80% of >16-year-olds by 10/Oct, 21/Nov, and 28/Dec, respectively. This reduced to 1/Oct, 30/Oct, and 22/Nov for the fastest (AZ50) rollout. A strong lockdown with a rapid vaccine rollout was the fastest to reach ≤5 cases (14-day average), with a median of 78 days (90% Uncertainty interval 61 - 103) or 18/Oct, compared to 207 days (166 - 254) or 24/Feb for a weak lockdown with no rollout acceleration. Increased lockdown strength had more impact than rollout acceleration. Under the AZ25 vaccination scenario, there were 1,440 (90% UI 262 - 10,600 deaths in the first 100 days of cases under a weak lockdown, compared to 71 (90% UI 26 - 178) under a strong lockdown scenario. Conclusion NSW will likely achieve 70% vaccination of >16-year-olds before reaching ≤5 daily cases. Accelerating the vaccine rollout is important for the medium-term, but in the short-term increased restriction strength was more effective at reducing caseload (and subsequently mortality and hospitalisation) than accelerating the vaccine rollout.

Oxon Run Parkway: Paleontological resource inventory; supplement to the National Capital Parks-East paleontological resource inventory

Oxon Run Parkway (OXRN) is a 51-hectare (126-acre) natural area within Washington, D.C. administered by the National Park Service under National Capital Parks East (NACE). The original plan called for a road, slated to follow Oxon Run stream, but this never came to fruition; despite this, the moniker stuck. The majority of the original Oxon Run Parkway is managed by the District of Columbia. The section of Oxon Run Parkway under NPS jurisdiction contains wetlands and forests, as well as the only McAteean magnolia bogs still remaining in the District. The lower Cretaceous Potomac Group, known as one of the few dinosaur-bearing rock units on the east coast of North America, crops out within Oxon Run. One of the most prevalent fossil-bearing resources are the siderite, or “bog iron” sandstone slabs that sometimes preserve the footprints or trackways of various vertebrates, including dinosaurs. Such trackways have been reported from Potomac Group outcrops throughout the Atlantic Coastal Plain of Maryland and Virginia. In 2019, National Capital Parks-East took possession of such a track, referred to a dinosaur, collected by paleontologist Dr. Peter Kranz. This report was compiled after a paleontological survey of Oxon Run Parkway and is intended as a supplement to the National Capital Parks East Paleontological Resource Inventory (Nelson et al. 2019). This report contains information on the history of Oxon Run Parkway and its geology, as well as discussion of the fossil track.

SwissCovid in the Perspective of its Goals

SwissCovid is the Swiss digital contact tracing app which was deployed to help fighting against the COVID-19 pandemic. Its development was arbitrated by Apple and Google who made their technology de facto unavoidable. After a year of activity, it is high time to evaluate how effective it has been in its mission. Nearly 21% of the Swiss population is actively using SwissCovid. The activity of SwissCovid follows the curve on the number of COVID-19 cases. However, performances are rather poor. About 1% of the cases are discovered by SwissCovid and much less than 2% of SwissCovid alerts are useful while SwissCovid generates 5% of the quarantines. Distances in proximity are loosely measured and durations of encounters are also imprecise. It further comes with security and privacy issues: adversaries can inject false alerts for SwissCovid users and users can be tracked. On top of that, SwissCovid contributes to strengthen the monopoly of Apple and Google and to make users and their data captive of these giants. It also digs the digital divide. Contrarily to the original plan, the implementation is not open source and the law was twisted to fit the constraints by Apple and Google. Therefore, SwissCovid did not meet its goals.