Dutch research into the country house and its landscape

One of the unmistakable trends in current country house research is the growing interest in the landscape context of country houses. The unquestioned emphasis on the main house and the garden is increasingly giving way to an approach that includes or focuses on the wider setting: village, nature, town, infrastructure, farms, churches, and other country houses. This article sketches the rise of this approach and offers an overview of the various perspectives. Among the aspects covered by landscape studies are country house regions, choice of location, the productive landscape, infrastructure, the political landscape and the mental landscape. Although this growing interest in the landscape setting is one of the most important recent developments in country house research, most of these studies are predominantly descriptive. This article calls for the establishment of a firmer methodological and theoretical underpinning – a task to which it is to be hoped that future researchers will devote themselves.

Greenway House, Coral Gables, Florida

The Greenway House is a new residence located in the Garden City of Coral Gables, Florida, inspired by the early revival architecture of the City and traditional architecture. The residence is located in an in-fill site and designed to incorporate a specimen oak tree which is seen from the main house and the carriage house. Unlike typical houses in the neighborhood whose massing is parallel to the street with front and rear yards defined by property setbacks, the orientation of the Greenway main house and carriage house is perpendicular to the street. This orientation allows one to experience the garden, the courtyard with its pool, and the prominent oak tree as part of the architectural ensemble of subtropical components appropriate to the site’s geographic and urban setting. The Greenway House is specifically designed as requested by the clients to be at once traditional in terms of place-making, spatial sequences and the making of the rooms that are identifiable; while still considering contemporary, domestic living where spaces are visually connected and fairly open to the natural environment.

An Investigation Into the Use of “Hybrid” Adjustment Techniques in the Application of the Sales Comparison Method in Residential Valuation

The sales comparison is the most common and universally accepted method in valuation. Although the theoretical entry point of the method is the same across most continents, its application in practice is varied and often determined by local circumstances. This often necessitates the modification of the method. For instance, while Zambian valuation practice uses this method in residential valuation, its application goes beyond the basic valuation model, incorporating a less known technique called the “reduced floor area (RFA)” technique. The RFA technique is a form of relative importance (weight) concept which assesses ancillary buildings on site relative to the main use; for residential properties this is the main house on site. Despite its obscurity in valuation literature, practitioners find its use acceptable within the dictates of local circumstances. Nonetheless, the lack of documentation means knowledge on the technique is transmitted verbally from senior valuers to graduates, and its application is not consistent across the profession, contributing to variances in the assessed values. This necessitates detailed scrutiny of the technique. Data for the study was collected from the Valuation Surveyors Registration Board (VSRB), a statutory body responsible for licensing valuers and regulating valuation practice. This is the first time the RFA technique is being discussed in a scholarly article.

The Local Wisdom of North Buton People in Flood Mitigation

This study aimed to explain and to analyze the local wisdom of the North Buton people in flood disaster mitigation, namely worldview, traditional knowledge, norms, custom, and other traditions conducted by the people of North Buton in natural phenomena observation as the signs of floods, as well as efforts to reduce the risk of flooding by utilizing human resources and natural resources in the vicinity. The results showed that the people of North Buton have a set of local wisdom in flood mitigation which was inherited from their ancestors' legacy. It has been tested through empirical experience and also obtained the traditional legitimacy at North Buton people. That local wisdom included: (1) studying on the animal behavior namely the flock of Joremba (Dragonfly) which get into the residential area and the spooky sounds of Gara (Owl) birds at night, (2) construction of the houses on stilts or semi-permanent house behind the main house, (3) enacting the mamali (taboo) tradition in cutting down of the forests as a control mechanism in ecological balance creation to prevent erosion, (4) exploration of a new spring, (5) observation of the changes of the river volume and the discovery of the presence of the spring that appears suddenly in the rainy season.

Archeology of the New Time in the Republic of Mari El: Works in the Yurinsky estate

The article is devoted to the study of random finds made in the Sheremetev estate in August 2020. At the site of the stadium under construction near the northern facade of the Main House of the Sheremetev Castle, we have recorded a few clothing materials (mainly fragments of ceramics) originating from the destroyed cultural layer of the New Time. The remains of material culture should be attributed to the pre-Sheremetev period of the history of the Volga village of Yurino (the second half of the XVIII century)

HISTORICAL ASPECT OF DEVELOPMENT OF MANOR COMPLEX GREBNEVO AND MODERN CONDITION OF FRUIT GARDEN TERRITORY

This article provides a historical reference to the estate of Grebnevo, its owners are indicated. Particular attention is paid to the period of the retired cavalry general G.I. Bibikov, in which the manor of Grebnevo received its heyday. Under him, a large construction was carried out: the main house, the road park layout were decided in a single style, which was characterized by rigor, lack of decorations, work in proportions and large-scale solutions. Bar ponds were also completed and islands were created. The estate held ceremonial receptions with theatrical performances and festivities on the islands. The manor complex was further developed under Prince S.M. Golitsyn, with him triumphant front entrance gates, the Nikolsky Church, a horse yard with an arena, stables, carriage sheds, stables bedrooms, an office and a two-story stone hospital were built. Further, the article provides an analysis of the historical layout of the fruit garden, analyzes the modern relief and spatial structure.

Namibia's SWAPO faces further damaging poll losses

Significance SWAPO lost its two-thirds majority in the main house of parliament last year and could also see its dominance in the second parliamentary chamber diminished. SWAPO's decline in popular support follows four years of economic stagnation, slow service delivery and a major corruption scandal that saw two former ministers jailed awaiting trial. Impacts Almost one-third of job losses this year have been in the tourism industry, which is not expected to recover until at least 2022. A first post-independence IMF loan (pending formal approval) will help to fund the government's operating expenditure. The finance minister's burgeoning reputation has been damaged after an underwhelming government-backed fisheries auction.

A SURVEY AND RESTORATION OF MERCHANT BYCHYONKOV’S ESTATE HOUSE IN BEREZHNOE VILLAGE, ZAOZERYE REGION

The article describes historical and architectural studies of provincial wooden architecture heritage in Russia. The background information includes a brief retrospective review of the context, history of the village where the heritage is located, and the merchant’s family life and lifestyle in the once densely populated and wealthy northern region of Zaozerye. A detailed consideration is given to the spatial planning, compositional and stylistic features of the merchant’s main house. The remaining components discovered in the territory of the former estate are described, including a residential wing, household outbuilding, orchard, and park. Preliminary findings have enabled a restoration project to be developed for the wooden estate house, now intended for a new use as Merchant's Estate Museum. Once restored, the estate house will become a significant part of the infrastructure of not only Ust-Kubinsky District but also Vologda region as a whole.

ARCHITECTURAL RENOVATION USING TRADITIONAL TECHNOLOGIES, LOCAL MATERIALS AND ARTISAN’S LABOR IN CATALONIA

The use of traditional techniques when restoring a masia is always the primary consideration in the preliminary phase of the project and during the site work. The virtues of traditional techniques compared to industrial production systems are described from multiple points of view: as a sustainable contemporary strategy, as generators of healthy spaces , as virtues of social and territorial scale, as a better formal contextualisation due to the limitations of pre-industrial materials. These are virtues that the industrial system has forgotten. The purpose of the Can Buch project (a masia in Northen Catalonia, Spain) was to restore the main house, some sheds and a barn, to enable rural ecotourism and to create a residence for the owner and future manager of the property. The promoter of the project intended to apply the values of permaculture. Maximising the use of Km0 materials from the start emphasised this intention. If we understand the traditional farmhouse as the site's resource map, applying this reality to the present work means recovering original representative principles. Currently, the project is in the last phase of works, but the results of applying this philosophy are already visible. It is intended to demonstrate the advantages of this self-limitation on a sustainable, environmental, territorial and compositional level.

Kajian Ornamen pada Rumah Tradisional Madura

ABSTRAK. Ornamen merupakan suatu hiasan yang dibentuk dengan mengembangkan dari bentuk-bentuk yang ada di alam. Ornamen pada bangunan tradisional berbentuk ragam hias dimana teknik maupun pengungkapannya dibuat menurut aturan-aturan, norma serta pola yang telah digariskan dan menjadi kesepakatan bersama dan diwariskan secara turun temurun. Pada rumah tinggal Madura, terdapat ornamen dalam elemen arsitekturalnya dimana keberadaan ornamen tersebut tidak lepas dari adanya akulturasi kebudayaan antar suku yang menetap di Madura. Penelitian ini membahas akulturasi kebudayaan mana saja yang mempengaruhi bentuk, warna ornamen di rumah tradisional Madura serta makna dari masing-masing motif ornamen yang digunakan. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan analisis deduktif untuk mengetahui rupa visual dari ornamen pada rumah tradisional di Madura. Hasil analisis menunjukkan beberapa motif yang digunakan pada rumah tradisional Madura antara lain motif flora, fauna antara lain motif ekor ular, naga, burung phoenix dan motif swastika. Pada motif flora-swastika merupakan akulturasi kebudayaan dari Cina, Jawa hindu, dan Madura. Motif flora fauna didominasi dengan hasil akulturasi budaya antara Madura dengan Cina. Untuk area penempatan ornamen bagian atap, dinding, pintu, kolom. Sedangkan penempatan ormanen pada komplek hunian Tanean Lanjhang adalah roma tongghuh (rumah induk) dan Roma na’poto (Rumah Anak). Sedangkan pada kobhung (langgar), tanean (halaman), dapor (dapur), kandhang (kandang) tidak terdapat ornamen karena tempat tersebut lebih diutamakan segi fungsinya. Kata kunci: Ornamen, Rumah, Madura ABSTRACT. Ornament is a decoration that is formed by developing from the forms that exist in nature. Ornaments in traditional buildings are in the form of decoration. The techniques and disclosures are made according to the rules, norms, and patterns that have been outlined and become collective agreements and passed down from generation to generation. In Madura's house, there is an ornament in its architectural element where the decoration's existence is inseparable from the acculturation of cultures between tribes who settled in Madura. This study discusses which cultural acculturation influences the shape, the colour of ornaments in traditional Madurese homes, and the meaning of each ornamental motif used. The method used is a qualitative method with a deductive research method to determine the visual appearance of ornaments in traditional houses in Madura. The analysis results showed several motifs used in traditional Madurese homes, including flora and fauna motifs, including snake-tailed motifs, dragons, phoenixes, and swastika motifs. The flora-swastika motif is an acculturation of culture from China, Hinduism, Java, and Madura. The motif of flora and fauna is dominated by the results of cultural acculturation between Madura and China. For the ornamental placement area of the roof, walls, doors, columns. The placement of people in Tanean Lanjhang residential complex is Rome Tongghuh (main house) and Roma na'poto (Children's House). While in kobhung (langgar), tanean (page), dapor (kitchen), kandhang (cage), there are no ornaments because the place is preferred in terms of function.Keywords: Ornament, House, Madura