The ways and means of ITER: reciprocity and compromise in fusion science diplomacy

This essay explores the reception of ‘nuclear winter’ at the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). This response is paradigmatic of how scientific predictions can work as stimuli for science diplomacy activities, and either inflate or deflate these forecasts’ public resonance. Those who elaborated the theory in the early 1980s predicted that the environmental consequences of a future nuclear conflict would have been catastrophic; possibly rendering the earth uninhabitable and leading to the extinction of humankind. This prospect was particularly problematic for the Western defence alliance, since it was difficult to reconcile with the tenets of its nuclear posture, especially after the 1979 Dual Track decision, engendering concerns about the environmental catastrophe that the scientists predicted. Thus, NATO officials refrained from commenting on nuclear winter and its implications for the alliance’s deterrence doctrine for some time in an effort to minimize public criticism. Meanwhile, they progressively removed research on nuclear winter from the set of studies and scientific debates sponsored by NATO in the context of its science initiatives. In essence, NATO officials ‘traded’ the promotion of these problematic studies with that of others more amenable to the alliance’s diplomacy ambitions.

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Malta X Anniversary and COVID-19

Chemistry International ◽

10.1515/ci-2021-0204 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 16-19

Author(s):

Emma Zajdela ◽

Zafra Lerman

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Middle East ◽

Innovation Research ◽

Science Diplomacy ◽

Peace And Justice ◽

Second Intifada ◽

Development Goals ◽

Un General Assembly ◽

Research And Education ◽

Science Innovation

Abstract In December 2021, the Malta X Conference “Frontiers of Science: Innovation, Research and Education in the Middle East—A Bridge to Peace” will mark the celebration of the tenth anniversary of the Malta Conferences. The first Malta Conference was held on the island of Malta in 2003 amidst the height of the Second Intifada. Since then, the Malta Conferences Foundation (MCF) has been a pioneer in using science diplomacy as a bridge to peace and sustainable development in the Middle East [1]. MCF uses science diplomacy to advance the following four UN Sustainable Development Goals: 1. Ensure inclusive and quality education for all (Goal 4) 2. Ensure access of Water and Sanitation for all (Goal 6) 3. Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern Energy for all (Goal 7), and 4. Promote Peace and Justice, as well as inclusive societies (Goal 16). In 2016, MCF received the UN NOVUS Summit award for Goal 16: Peace and Justice [2]. The Summit was held in the UN General Assembly.

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Science Diplomacy in the Twentieth Century: Introduction

Journal of Contemporary History ◽

10.1177/00220094211006762 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 002200942110067

Author(s):

Soenke Kunkel

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Foreign Policy ◽

Foreign Relations ◽

Special Section ◽

Contemporary History ◽

Global Environmental Problems ◽

Global Environmental ◽

Science Diplomacy ◽

The Cold War

Setting the stage for the special forum, this introduction points to the centrality of science diplomacy activities within many current foreign policy concepts around the world. It also points to the lack of historical perspective within many current academic debates about science diplomacy. Suggesting the value of such a perspective, the introduction then draws attention to a number of fruitful contributions that histories of science diplomacy may make to contemporary history. These include: a better understanding of how entanglements between science, foreign policy, and international relations evolved over the twentieth century; a refined understanding of the workings of foreign relations and diplomacy that sheds light on the role of science as an arena of foreign relations; new insights into the Cold War; a globalizing of perspectives in the writing of contemporary history; a new international focus on widely under-researched actors like universities, science movements, science organizations, and science academies; a focus on new themes that range from global environmental problems to issues like cultural heritage. The remainder of the introduction then delineates some of the shared assumptions and findings of the essays and then briefly introduces each contribution to the special section.

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FUSION SCIENCE: Canada Bids to Host International Reactor

Science ◽

10.1126/science.292.5525.2240 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 292 (5525) ◽

pp. 2240-2240 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D. Normile

Keyword(s):

Fusion Science

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ՀԱՆՐԱՅԻՆ ԿԱՌԱՎԱՐՄԱՆ ՔԱՂԱՔԱԿՐԹԱԿԱՆ ՈՒ ՔԱՂԱՔԱԳԻՏԱԿԱՆ ԿԱԶՄԱԿԵՐՊՄԱՆ ՀԻՄՆԱԽՆԴԻՐՆԵՐԸ

Herald of Social Sciences ◽

10.53548/03208117-2021.2-118 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 118-139

Author(s):

Yuri Suvaryan

Keyword(s):

Public Administration ◽

The Political ◽

Business Elite ◽

Analytical Thinking ◽

The People ◽

Science Diplomacy ◽

Deep State ◽

Scientific Principles ◽

The Republic ◽

State And Local

CIVILIZATION AND POLITOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF THE ORGANIZATION OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Logically, according to historical experience, the security of the statehood of each country (nation), the efficiency of public administration are conditioned by the degree of development of the political-state administrative thought and by the level of civilization achieved. If the former is inferior to the latter, then under the influence of that factor the efficiency of public administration is significantly reduced. The statehood, the fate of the people, the possibility of living safely in its homeland are endangered. Therefore, it is necessary to prioritize the increase of public administration efficiency, in particular, to introduce scientific principles in the system of state and local selfgovernment, to develop the political culture of the society and the level of analytical thinking, to attach essential importance to the training of personnel in the fields of political science, diplomacy, international law, to conduct scientific reasearch in those areas with the aim of using the results obtained in making strategic management decisions to clarify the distribution of powers between the branches of government, and to enshrine in the necessary restraint and counterbalance structure. The so-called deep state is a guarantee of state security, effective management in the conditions of generalization, a counterbalancing factor directing the activities of the civil society. In the Republic of Armenia such a role can claim the Armenian Apostolic Church, the intellectual-mature business elite, the high-ranking officers of the army and the National Security Service.

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