Science Diplomacy in the Twentieth Century: Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 002200942110067
Author(s):  
Soenke Kunkel
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Foreign Relations ◽  
Special Section ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
Global Environmental Problems ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Science Diplomacy ◽  
The Cold War

Setting the stage for the special forum, this introduction points to the centrality of science diplomacy activities within many current foreign policy concepts around the world. It also points to the lack of historical perspective within many current academic debates about science diplomacy. Suggesting the value of such a perspective, the introduction then draws attention to a number of fruitful contributions that histories of science diplomacy may make to contemporary history. These include: a better understanding of how entanglements between science, foreign policy, and international relations evolved over the twentieth century; a refined understanding of the workings of foreign relations and diplomacy that sheds light on the role of science as an arena of foreign relations; new insights into the Cold War; a globalizing of perspectives in the writing of contemporary history; a new international focus on widely under-researched actors like universities, science movements, science organizations, and science academies; a focus on new themes that range from global environmental problems to issues like cultural heritage. The remainder of the introduction then delineates some of the shared assumptions and findings of the essays and then briefly introduces each contribution to the special section.

scholarly journals Klimaaktivisme som udenrigspolitik: Helt centralt, men hvorfor egentlig?

Politik ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Wivel
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Climate Policy ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
State Identity ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
International Climate ◽  
The Cold War

Global environmental and climate concerns have been central to Danish foreign policy activism since the end of the Cold War. is article chronicles the development of Danish international climate activism and ex- plores how and why it became central to Danish foreign policy. e article discusses the role of globalization, institutionalization and Europeanization, and how these developments interact with Danish state identity thereby constructing an action space for political decision-makers in climate policy. 

Before Midnight

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Sagar
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Foreign Relations ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Jawaharlal Nehru

This chapter examines ideas about war, peace, and international relations over the century preceding independence, of which there were many more and in greater depth than widely supposed. It outlines how and why Indians first began to articulate views on the subject, and subsequently analyses these ideas. It proposes that, contrary to the opinion of some scholars, Indians thought carefully about the nature of international relations. Most importantly, it emphasizes the plurality of views on the subject, and explains how and why proponents of pragmatism in foreign relations came to be sidelined in the period immediately preceding independence. Several of the personalities developing notions of what a foreign policy for India should involve as of the early twentieth century, including India’s first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, became important actors in formulating and implementing foreign policy post-independence.

scholarly journals The Role of Libraries in the Information Support of Global Environmental Problems

2011 ◽  
pp. 128-130
Author(s):  
Elena F. Bychkova ◽  
Anna V. Krukova
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Public Library ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Scientific Seminar ◽  
Global Environmental Problems ◽  
Global Environmental

On the scientific seminar “The Role of Libraries in the information support of global environmental problems. The problem of using nuclear energy”, which has taken place on April 28, 2011 at the Russian National Public Library for Science and Technology

scholarly journals Educational Exchanges in Public Diplomacy: Russian and International Experience

2014 ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
A. Dolinkiy
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
The Us ◽  
Peace Settlement ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Modern Technologies

Education exchanges are a key element of public diplomacy for most countries that considered effective in that domain of foreign policy activities. Education exchanges are attributed an important role in the post-war peace settlement between Germany and France and in determining the outcome of the Cold war. Relevant aspects of public diplomacy remain key elements of foreign policy instruments of the US, Germany and many other countries. Russia has been increasingly active in public diplomacy in the past decade and the role of education exchanges has been increasing which is also demonstrated by a growing number of expert publications on the subject. However the strategy, the quality of organization and the use of modern technologies remain at a relatively low level which leads to an inefficient use of resources. Priority issues that can be a core of Russia's public diplomacy (and foreign policy in general). Moreover, systemic work would be required to evaluate efficiency of current and complete projects which would allow determine effectiveness of programs and appropriateness of resources used. Education exchanges need to be targeted at both bringing international students to Russia and assisting Russian students to study internationally and professors to teach abroad. Finally, international best practices show that there is a need to maintain connections with international exchanges alumni and assist them to maintain connections with each other including with the use of modern technologies.

5. The Developing World in International Politics

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Hobden
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
International Politics ◽  
Developing World ◽  
International System ◽  
Nuclear Proliferation ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
The Cold War

This chapter examines the role of developing countries in international politics. International relations, as a discipline, has traditionally overlooked the significance of the developing world in global politics. The chapter begins by discussing the reasons for this and why such an oversight is lamentable. It then considers the position of the developing world throughout the large structural changes that have occurred in the international system since 1945: North–South relations during and after the Cold War and the emerging multipolar world, in which China is anticipated to return to the centre of international politics. The chapter also explores topics such as the United Nations’s involvement in development issues and its role in decolonization, U.S. foreign policy under the two Obama administrations, and nuclear proliferation.

scholarly journals The Role of Green Recruitment and Selection on Performance of Processing Industries in Tanzania: A Case of Tanzania Tobacco Processors Limited (TTPL)

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelvin M Mwita ◽  
Stella Malangalila Kinemo
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Global Environmental Problems ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Job Candidates ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Recruitment And Selection ◽  
Green Human Resource Management

Environmental conservation has been a concern to many international, local organizations and individuals for Centuries. Green management initiatives become an important factor in forward-thinking business around the world as a means of combating environmental degradation caused by organizations. Industrialization has contributed to the global environmental problems we are witnessing today and Tanzania industrialization drive cannot ignore this fact. Research is one of best ways for investigating, understanding and solving problems.  Although number of researches has been done on Green Human Resource Management (Green HRM), still there is no sufficient literature on the subject. To bridge this gap this study investigated the role of green recruitment and selection on performance of Processing Industries in Tanzania by using Tanzania Tobacco Processors Limited (TTPL) as a case study. The study sough to specifically assess the application of green recruitment and selection at TTPL, determining whether green recruitment and selection attract more and better job candidates, and establishing the relationship between green recruitment and selection and organizational performance. It was found that green recruitment and selection practices are in place and they contribute in attracting more qualified job candidates. The study also found a linear relationship between green recruitment and selection and performance. Further, the study recommends institutionalization of green recruitment and selection and other green HRM practices in order improve organizational performance. Regulatory and statutory bodies are recommended to ensure that green practices are put in place by organizations for organizational and environmental sustainability.

scholarly journals Introduction: Moving Targets Risk, Security, and the Social in Twentieth-Century Europe

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Moses ◽  
Eve Rosenhaft
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Special Section ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Anthony Giddens ◽  
Agent Of Change

According to the sociologists Ulrich Beck and Anthony Giddens, modern societies have become increasingly preoccupied with the future and safety and have mobilized themselves in order to manage systematically what they have perceived as “risks” (Beck 1992; Giddens 1991). This special section investigates how conceptions of risk evolved in Europe over the course of the twentieth century by focusing on the creation and evolution of social policy. The language of risk has, in the past twenty years, become a matter of course in conversations about social policy (Kemshall 2002). We seek to trace how “risk” has served as aheuristic toolfor understanding and treating “social problems.” A key aim of this collection is to explore the character of social policy (in the broadest sense) as an instrument (or technology) that both constructs its own objects as the consequences of “risks” and generates new “risks” in the process (Lupton 2004: 33). In this way, social policy typifies the paradox of security: by attempting literally to making one “carefree,” orsē(without)curitās(care), acts of (social) security spur new insecurities about what remains unprotected (Hamilton 2013: 3–5, 25–26). Against this semantic and philological context, we suggest that social policy poses an inherent dilemma: in aiming to stabilize or improve the existing social order, it also acts as an agent of change. This characteristic of social policy is what makes particularly valuable studies that allow for comparisons across time, place, and types of political regime. By examining a range of cases from across Europe over the course of the twentieth century, this collection seeks to pose new questions about the role of the state; ideas about risk and security; and conceptions of the “social” in its various forms.

Strategic Relationships in Post-Communist Foreign Policies

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason E. Strakes ◽  
Mikhail A. Molchanov ◽  
David J. Galbreath
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Foreign Relations ◽  
International System ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Foreign Policies ◽  
Independent States ◽  
Strategic Relationships ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Newly Independent States

To gain a comprehensive understanding of the relationships of elite/citizen preferences and strategies—and its consequent impact on the perceived role of their countries in the greater international system—it is necessary to put an emphasis on interactions within and across contrasting areas of the formerly communist world. Until recently, the systematic investigation of foreign policy-making processes has been a relatively neglected dimension within the general domain of post-communist studies. During the mid-to-late 1990s, various scholars addressed ideological redefinition in post-communist states. Other scholars have addressed the foreign policy trajectory of the newly independent states from the perspective of governance, institutional structure, and state capacity. Among the analytic tools that have been adopted to evaluate the international activities of post-communist states in recent years is the burgeoning concept of “multi-vector” foreign policy. However, due to the vast cross-regional scope and complexity of the former Soviet region, it has become more analytically useful to identify this group of countries in terms of their location in separate and respective geographic subregions. Two regional overviews provide a synthesis of the four analytic foci: national identity, political transition, rationality, and regionalism. The first offers an assessment of the foreign policy decisions and strategies of the Baltic republics since 1990–1. The second evaluates the foreign relations between the Russian Federation and the five independent republics of Central Asia.

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