The Effect of Nebulized NaHCO3Treatment on “RADS” Due to Chlorine Gas Inhalation

Background. Classification of pulmonary disease into obstructive, restrictive, and mixed patterns is based on 2005 ATS/ERS guidelines and modified GOLD criteria by Mannino et al. (2003), but these guidelines are of limited use for simple spirometry in situations involving mass casualties.Aim. The purpose of this study was to apply these guidelines to patients who underwent simple spirometry following high concentration of chlorine gas inhalation after a train derailment in Graniteville, South Carolina.Methods. We retrospectively investigated lung functions in ten patients. In order to classify pulmonary disease pattern, we used 2005 ATS/ERS guidelines and modified GOLD criteria along with our own criteria developed using available simple spirometry data.Results. We found predominant restrictive pattern in our patients with both modified GOLD and our criteria, which is in contrast to other chlorine exposure studies where obstructive pattern was more common. When compared to modified GOLD and our criteria, 2005 ATS/ERS guidelines underestimated the frequency of restrictive disease.Conclusion. Diagnosis of pulmonary disease patterns is of importance after irritant gas inhalation. Acceptable criteria need to be developed to evaluate pulmonary disease through simple spirometry in events leading to mass casualty and patient surge in hospitals.

Download Full-text

A rare complication of chlorine gas inhalation: pneumomediastinum

Emergency Medicine Journal ◽

10.1136/emj.2006.040022 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 23 (11) ◽

pp. e59-e59 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

O Akdur ◽

P Durukan ◽

I Ikizceli ◽

S Ozkan ◽

L Avsarogullari

Keyword(s):

Rare Complication ◽

Chlorine Gas ◽

Gas Inhalation

Download Full-text

Rapid Successful Management of Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage as the Primary Presentation of Chlorine Gas Inhalation: A Rare Case Report

ACTA MEDICA IRANICA ◽

10.18502/acta.v59i10.7770 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mohsen Yaghubi ◽

Morteza Valaei ◽

Reza Ghasemi ◽

Mahmood Hosseinzadeh Maleki ◽

Sara Rezaei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Distress Syndrome ◽

Limited Data ◽

Nasal Irritation ◽

Chlorine Gas ◽

Rare Case Report ◽

Threatening Condition ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Gas Inhalation ◽

Short Time ◽

Primary Presentation

Chlorine-containing bleach, as a common disinfectant, can cause mild to severe symptoms from nasal irritation to life-threatening conditions such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, the toxicity level of chlorine gas depends on the duration and concentration of exposure. Herein, we describe the case of a 44-year-old man admitted to the emergency department with a chief complaint of severe shortness of breathing and hemoptysis following accidental, short-time exposure to chlorine-containing bleach. Because of the life-threatening condition, he was transferred to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and received mechanical ventilation along with a corticosteroid agent and antibiotic therapy. Despite limited data on management of the severe complications of the exposure, the patient successfully recovered after four days.

Download Full-text

Loss of Basal Cells Precedes Bronchiolitis Obliterans–Like Pathological Changes in a Murine Model of Chlorine Gas Inhalation

American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology ◽

10.1165/rcmb.2012-0369oc ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 49 (5) ◽

pp. 788-797 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Emily G. O’Koren ◽

Brigid L. M. Hogan ◽

Michael Dee Gunn

Keyword(s):

Murine Model ◽

Bronchiolitis Obliterans ◽

Basal Cells ◽

Pathological Changes ◽

Chlorine Gas ◽

Gas Inhalation

Download Full-text

Chemical pneumonitis in a 9-year-old following chlorine gas exposure

BMJ Case Reports ◽

10.1136/bcr-2019-229281 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. e229281 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Suzanne Cromie ◽

Christopher Flannigan

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Mechanical Ventilation ◽

Chest Pain ◽

Supportive Care ◽

Sodium Hypochlorite ◽

Shortness Of Breath ◽

Building Site ◽

Chlorine Gas ◽

Gas Inhalation

A previously fit and well 9-year-old boy developed shortness of breath and chest pain after playing with friends on a building site where bonfire materials were being collected. Firstline investigations failed to explain his symptoms, which worsened over the next 24 hours, necessitating endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. When public health and the police retraced his steps, they found barrels of sodium hypochlorite and red diesel at the bonfire site, which when mixed had the potential to form chlorine gas leading to the diagnosis of a chemical pneumonitis secondary to chlorine gas inhalation. Supportive care was continued, and he was successfully extubated after 48 hours. At 6-week follow-up, he had no ongoing pulmonary symptoms.

Download Full-text