scholarly journals Electronic vending machines for dispensing rapid HIV self-testing kits: A case study

AIDS Care ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean D. Young ◽  
Jeffrey Klausner ◽  
Risa Fynn ◽  
Robert Bolan
Keyword(s):  
Vending Machines ◽  
Self Testing

scholarly journals Vending machines in commercial sex venues to increase HIV self-testing among men who have sex with men

mHealth ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 51-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chrysovalantis Stafylis ◽  
Lauren J. Natoli ◽  
Jamie A. Murkey ◽  
Kristie K. Gordon ◽  
Sean D. Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Sex ◽  
Vending Machines ◽  
Self Testing ◽  
Sex With Men

Surveying testing preferences in Black, Latin American, and other minorities for the co-design of digital vending machines for HIV self-testing

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-165
Author(s):  
Ming J Lee ◽  
Denis Onyango ◽  
Husseina Hamza ◽  
Elias Phiri ◽  
Tony Furlong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Black African ◽  
Latin Americans ◽  
Vending Machines ◽  
Self Testing ◽  
Willingness To Use ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Priority Populations

The use of digital vending machines (VMs) to delivery HIV self-testing (HIVST) could expand HIV testing in priority populations. We surveyed primarily Black African (BA) participants and other minority ethnicities, to identify acceptability, preferences, and concerns of using VMs for HIVST dispensing. A structured survey was developed with Black African and Caribbean, Latin American and other Minorities (BLAM) communities, and distributed between September 2018 and January 2019. Participants were recruited using mobile tablet surveys distributed by outreach volunteers, and online through BLAM communities’ websites, workshops, and language-specific messages on social media. Descriptive analyses were undertaken stratified by ethnic groups. One hundred and twenty-eight (67.0%) participants identified as BAs, 31 (16.2%) Black Caribbeans (BCs), 22 (11.5%) Latin Americans (LAs), and 10 (5.2%) other non-white ethnicities (ONWEs). Rates of willingness to use the HIVST were high in all groups except BCs (BAs 77.9%, BCs 53.6%, LAs 81.8%, ONWEs 80.0%). Most participants favoured healthcare-associated venues for VM placement, but there were differences in community venues favoured by different ethnic groups and concerns reported. HIVST is acceptable in many BLAM communities and increases understanding of the concerns and how to address them in the design of VMs for HIVST, to expand HIV testing in these priority communities.

scholarly journals Acceptability of Using Electronic Vending Machines to Deliver Oral Rapid HIV Self-Testing Kits: A Qualitative Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e103790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean D. Young ◽  
Joseph Daniels ◽  
ChingChe J. Chiu ◽  
Robert K. Bolan ◽  
Risa P. Flynn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Vending Machines ◽  
Self Testing

scholarly journals Towards Smart Healthcare: UAV-Based Optimized Path Planning for Delivering COVID-19 Self-Testing Kits Using Cutting Edge Technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10426
Author(s):  
Hafiz Suliman Munawar ◽  
Hina Inam ◽  
Fahim Ullah ◽  
Siddra Qayyum ◽  
Abbas Z. Kouzani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Carbon Footprints ◽  
Smart Healthcare ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Self Testing ◽  
Economic Developments

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a global pandemic since late 2019 and has affected all forms of human life and economic developments. Various techniques are used to collect the infected patients’ sample, which carries risks of transferring the infection to others. The current study proposes an AI-powered UAV-based sample collection procedure through self-collection kits delivery to the potential patients and bringing the samples back for testing. Using a hypothetical case study of Islamabad, Pakistan, various test cases are run where the UAVs paths are optimized using four key algorithms, greedy, intra-route, inter-route, and tabu, to save time and reduce carbon emissions associated with alternate transportation methods. Four cases with 30, 50, 100, and 500 patients are investigated for delivering the self-testing kits to the patients. The results show that the Tabu algorithm provides the best-optimized paths covering 31.85, 51.35, 85, and 349.15 km distance for different numbers of patients. In addition, the algorithms optimize the number of UAVs to be used in each case and address the studied cases patients with 5, 8, 14, and 71 UAVs, respectively. The current study provides the first step towards the practical handling of COVID-19 and other pandemics in developing countries, where the risks of spreading the infections can be minimized by reducing person-to-person contact. Furthermore, the reduced carbon footprints of these UAVs are an added advantage for developing countries that struggle to control such emissions. The proposed system is equally applicable to both developed and developing countries and can help reduce the spread of COVID-19 through minimizing the person-to-person contact, thus helping the transformation of healthcare to smart healthcare.

IT service 2.0: A case study of smart vending machines in Beijing

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Hoon Shin ◽  
Daihwan Min ◽  
Lili Wan ◽  
Jong Hee Kim
Keyword(s):  
It Service ◽  
Vending Machines

scholarly journals Practical metrics for establishing the health benefits of research to support research prioritisation

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. e002152
Author(s):  
Beth Woods ◽  
Laetitia Schmitt ◽  
Claire Rothery ◽  
Andrew Phillips ◽  
Timothy B Hallett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Programme Implementation ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Self Testing ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Costing Study ◽  
Research Prioritisation

IntroductionWe present practical metrics for estimating the expected health benefits of specific research proposals. These can be used by research funders, researchers and healthcare decision-makers within low-income and middle-income countries to support evidence-based research prioritisation.MethodsThe methods require three key assessments: (1) the current level of uncertainty around the endpoints the proposed study will measure; (2) how uncertainty impacts on the health benefits and costs of healthcare programmes and (3) the health opportunity costs imposed by programme costs. Research is valuable because it can improve health by informing the choice of which programmes should be implemented. We provide a Microsoft Excel tool to allow readers to generate estimates of the health benefits of research studies based on these three assessments. The tool can be populated using existing studies, existing cost-effectiveness models and expert opinion. Where such evidence is not available, the tool can quantify the value of research under different assumptions. Estimates of the health benefits of research can be considered alongside research costs, and the consequences of delaying implementation until research reports, to determine whether research is worthwhile. We illustrate the method using a case study of research on HIV self-testing programmes in Malawi. This analysis combines data from the literature with outputs from the HIV synthesis model.ResultsFor this case study, we found a costing study that could be completed and inform decision making within 1 year offered the highest health benefits (67 000 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) averted). Research on outcomes improved population health to a lesser extent (12 000 DALYs averted) and only if carried out alongside programme implementation.ConclusionOur work provides a method for estimating the health benefits of research in a practical and timely fashion. This can be used to support accountable use of research funds.

Facilitators and Barriers to Developing, Implementing, and Evaluating Healthy Vending Policies in Four Cities

2020 ◽  
pp. 152483991990049
Author(s):  
Sarah Green ◽  
Karen Glanz ◽  
Julie Bromberg
Keyword(s):  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Sales Data ◽  
Vending Machines ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Public Areas ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Nutrition Standards

Vending machines are a common source of low-nutrient, energy-dense snacks, and beverages. Many cities are beginning to adopt healthy vending policies in public areas, but evidence regarding best practices for developing, implementing, and evaluating these healthy vending polices is limited. This study used a mixed-methods, multiple case study design to examine healthy vending policies and initiatives in four cities. Data were collected between August 2017 and December 2017. Research staff worked with a designated contact person to coordinate site visits to each city where observations of the vending machines were conducted. Semistructured interviews were conducted with multiple stakeholders from each site and documents, including policies, vendor contracts, and nutrition standards, were reviewed. The following elements were identified as being essential to a healthy vending policy or initiative: having a champion and support from leadership, internal and external partnerships, and clear communication. Conducting regular compliance checks of the vending machines and the ability to obtain sales data, especially pre– and post–healthy vending policy sales data, continues to be a challenge. Stakeholders across all cities reported that concerns about profit–loss from the vendor and city revenue and procurement departments are barriers to adopting healthy vending policies. More research and evaluation are needed, as results are mixed regarding the impact on overall revenue/profits. This study yielded a variety of resources and “lessons learned” from those who have developed and implemented healthy vending policies and initiatives. This information should be used by others looking to influence healthier snacking behaviors through vending machines.

scholarly journals A Case Study of Self-Checking Circuits Reliability

VLSI Design ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jien-Chung Lo
Keyword(s):  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
The Self ◽  
Hardware Complexity ◽  
Error Handling ◽  
Fault Tolerant System ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Self Testing

In this paper, we analyze the reliability of self-checking circuits. A case study is presented in which a fault-tolerant system with duplicated self-checking modules is compared to the TMR version. It is shown that a duplicated self-checking system has a much higher reliability than that of the TMR counterpart. More importantly, the reliability of the self-checking system does not drop as sharply as that of the TMR version. We also demonstrate the trade-offs between hardware complexity and error handling capability of self-checking circuits. Alternative self-checking designs where some hardware redundancies are removed with the lost of fault-secure and/or self-testing properties are also studied.

scholarly journals Removal of sugary drinks from vending machines: an Australian university case study

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 588-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie Tsai ◽  
Scott Slater ◽  
Rimante Ronto ◽  
Klaus Gebel ◽  
Jason H.Y. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Vending Machines ◽  
Sugary Drinks
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