The Changing Nature of In-Between Spaces in the Transformation Process of Cities

In the <em>in-between </em>spaces of cities, there are many problems of various nature and scale: functional, spatial, economic, environmental, visual, and social. There are also some hidden potentials that can be activated. The aim of the article is to explore the possibilities of solving existing problems and to show the possibilities of using the potentials of <em>in-between </em>spaces with regard to the changing nature of a city. The article, of a discursive character, aims to answer the questions of whether connecting a city with public spaces can be a catalyst of changes, and what tools should be used to facilitate the flux of material factors (like goods or natural resources) and immaterial matter (e.g., ideas or cultural patterns). The new approach is based on the assumption that this would be most effective when using landscape architecture, green/blue infrastructure, artistic strategies, and universal design in public spaces. The expected result of the research is to show the purposefulness and possibilities in creating attractive and safe public areas of <em>in-between </em>spaces as an on-going micro- or macro-process of urban change on a wider scale. It was recognised that integrated actions combining the humanistic, ecological, and technical approaches could bring significant benefits to society, preventing existing problems, not only spatial and visual (changing the city directly), but above all social and environmental, having an impact on the functioning of the city from a much longer perspective. The results of the research show how the transformation process of public spaces may change the nature of the cities, improve the compactness of existing cities, and increase the quality of life. Selected case studies are presented to show the scale, scope, and benefits of possible actions.

Glare at Outdoor Workplaces—An Underestimated Factor of Occupational Risk

Lighting is an integral aspect of electrical engineering and public safety, as buildings, public areas—both indoors and outdoors—or any type of workplace must be illuminated in a way to prevent accidents. The sensation of glare, in particular, plays an important role in visual comfort and consequently influences occupational risk. The aim of this article is to draw attention to the problem of glare at outdoor workplaces. We have carried out an assessment of glare at outdoor workplaces in 19 different industrial plants. At 20 task areas (21.5% of the 93 examined) the determined degree of glare exceeded the limits specified in the standard. In eight categories of industrial plants (66.7% of 12 examined) defined in the standard, there was at least one task area where the requirements of the standard in terms of glare limitation were not met. The presented analysis leaves no doubt about drawing the conclusion that glare at outdoor workplaces is mostly underestimated or simply neglected, although it could cause high risk in workplaces.

Nature-Based Solutions in Poland against Climate Change

One of the currently promoted methods of counteracting climate change is nature-based climate solutions, which harness the power of nature to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Sustainable management of ecosystems is a guarantee for sustained human well-being. This underestimated, but extremely efficient and cheap method of integrating nature resources into the urban fabric is an economic “injection” for communal authorities. These “green” benefits should be standard in land-use planning in the era of anthropocentrism. Solutions based on nature were the reason for investigating their perception by Polish municipalities. The survey covered the entire country (all 2477 municipalities) from 20 July to 31 August 2021 through an electronic survey, obtaining 2128 responses (85.9% return rate). In the final result, data were obtained that support the hypotheses posed in the study. The main objective of the research was to check the level of activity of municipalities in Poland in the field of proecological activities using nature-based solutions (NbS). The survey results confirmed little knowledge of nature-based solutions, at the same time giving it an educational dimension. Half of the respondents declared that they learned about NbS only from the survey. Polish decision makers and municipal authorities introduce some solutions based on nature without being aware of their European classification and adequate nomenclature. Environmental awareness in Poland remains largely the domain of urban municipalities, with higher current budget revenues per capita and in the central and western parts of the country. NbS are marginal in rural municipalities, which can be explained by the lack of ecological specialists, less car traffic and more single-family houses and thus modest public areas. The following surveys covering the entire territory of Poland are the first to be carried out on such a large scale.

Review and Analysis on Filtering of Unwanted Multimedia Messages from Online Social Network User Walls

When it comes to sharing and exchanging various types of information, online social networks (OSNs) have become an increasingly popular and interactive medium in today's world. People who are connected to blogs and social networks see all of the publicly shared information, and it has a profound effect on the human mind. Messages or comments posted on a wall, a public or private area, may include unnecessary information or sensitive data. Thus, online social networks can benefit from information filtering, which can be used to help users organise messages written in public areas by removing unnecessary words. An information filtering system proposed in this paper may allow OSN users to control the posting and commenting on their walls directly. Every time a user posts a message, the message is intercepted by the filtered wall, which then applies Filtering and Black List Rules to it. The message will appear on the user's wall if it is not filtered or blacklisted. Keywords: Content Based Message Filtering, Demographic Filtering, Collaborative Filtering.

The Study of Implementation Effectiveness in the Various Criminal Law Policies During the Covid-19 Pandemic

There are various pros and cons to the criminal law policies by the Indonesian government in the context of dealing with covid 19. So it is necessary to have a study related to the effectiveness of implementing these various policies. The author's background is to discuss the formulation of the problem in this article: What is the criminal law policy during the covid 19 pandemic? And how is the effectiveness in the implementation of these policies? This article uses a normative juridical research method that examines various positive laws from the applicable laws and regulations, and then it is analyzed in analytical descriptive. The Indonesian government has established various policies to prevent the covid 19 transmission. The guidelines consist of: the formation of various legal regulations related to the covid pandemic; a policy of criminal sanctions for violators of social policies during the covid 19 pandemic; prisoner assimilation policy; electronic trial of criminal cases during the covid 19 pandemic; corruption prevention policies; policies on workplaces in public areas. Regarding the effectiveness of implementing these policies, it can be said that the execution tends to be less optimal because the policies are contrary to one another. So this article provides suggestions to the government and the community should have mutual support for the implementation of criminal law policies during the COVID-19 pandemic can be effective.

ANALISIS HUBUNGAN PARAMETER CUACA TERHADAP KONSENTRASI POLUTAN (PM2.5 DAN CO) DI WILAYAH JAKARTA SELAMA PERIODE WORK FROM HOME (WFH) MARET 2020

Intisari Selama ini Jakarta dikenal dengan kota berpolusi dengan indeks pencemaran udara yang cukup tinggi. Salah satu penyebab pencemaran udara adalah polutan partikulat (PM2.5) dan gas CO yang berasal dari pembakaran tidak sempurna. Pada masa pandemi Covid-19, pemerintah menerapkan kebijakan Pemberlakuan Pembatasan Kegiatan Masyarakat (PPKM) untuk menekan jumlah penularan virus Covid-19. Jakarta Pusat sebagai salah satu kota yang melaksanakan kebijakan PPKM mewajibkan perkantoran yang ada untuk menerapkan Work From Home (WFH). Jumlah konsentrasi polusi udara PM2.5 pada periode WFH Maret 2020 tidak jauh berbeda dibandingkan lima tahun sebelumnya. Sedangkan konsentrasi CO pada periode yang sama mengalami penurunan dibandingkan lima tahun sebelumnya. Hasil analisis hubungan antara pengaruh parameter cuaca dengan konsentrasi polutan menunjukkan pengaruh parameter cuaca kurang signifikan terhadap konsentrasi PM2.5 dan gas CO. Nilai R-Square adj antara beberapa parameter cuaca terhadap konsentrasi PM2.5 dan konsentrasi CO cukup kecil. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pengurangan nilai konsentrasi PM2.5 dan gas CO bukan dipengaruhi oleh parameter cuaca. Faktor lain yang diduga memengaruhi konsentrasi PM2.5 dan gas CO adalah kegiatan manusia seperti WFH sehingga terjadi pengurangan aktivitas masyarakat untuk pergi ke kantor. Abstract Jakarta is known as a polluted city with a high air pollution index. One of the air pollution causes is particulate pollutants (PM2.5) and CO from incomplete combustion. During the Covid-19 pandemic, the government implemented a policy of Community Activity Restrictions, known as PPKM, to reduce the number of transmissions of the Covid-19. As one of the cities implementing the PPKM policy, Central Jakarta requires offices to implement Work From Home (WFH). The total PM2.5 air pollution concentration in the March 2020 WFH period was not much different from the previous five years. However, the CO concentration in the same period decreased compared to the last five years. Relationship analysis between the influence of weather parameters and pollutant concentrations shows that weather parameters are less significant on PM2.5 and CO concentration. The R-Square adj between several weather parameters on the concentration of PM2.5 and the concentration of CO is small. It means that weather parameters do not influence the reduction in the concentration of PM2.5 and CO. It is assumed that the PM2.5 and CO concentrations decreased due to fewer human activities in the office and public areas.

PENGUATAN ODHA TRANSPUAN KOTA DENPASAR DAN BULELENG DALAM KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT PEDULI WARIA

ABSTRACT This workshop on strengthening Transwomen with HIV/Aids (ODHAT) started from the issue of discrimination that often afflicts the LGBT and ODHATgroups. Transgender women or better known as waria are gender transfers from male to female. They are often embarrassed or humiliated to take part in society {especially for ODHA (People with HIV/Aids)}. In the city of Singaraja, Wargas have been formed as Transwomen organization that is actively developing their social and cultural capital in the community. Denpasar City has three units of official outreach institutions for LGBT, namely Gaya Dewata, Kerti Praja Foundation and Spirit Paramacita. The number of Transwomen with ODHA in Denpasar City is estimated at 40 people and in Singaraja City it is estimated at 11 people. They need to be protected from the stigma of society in other reachable and social media so that their communication patterns are more conducive and the community is more accepting of their existence. The 5-hour Tengkuluk Lelunakan make-up training was carried out by presenting the Warcan and Perwaron groups at Salon Agung on July 13, 2019. Ibu Agung as a salon owner who is famous for Payas Agung and Tengkuluk Lelunakan has facilitated them to learn tengkuluk lelunakan make-up. Denpasar city transgender groups are facilitated to perform in cultural events or other festivals, as has been done by Wargas in Singaraja city. However, correspondence with the Head of the Bali Provincial Culture Service in the office and with the initiator of the Sanur Village Festival at the Griya Santrian hotel has not produced results. The tengkuluk Lelunakan workshop for transwomen with ODHA aims to make the community accept them and finally be able to get access to various facilities to perform in public areas, especially in festivals in the city of Denpasar. Keywords: transwomen, ODHAT, LGBT discrimination, Denpasar, Singaraja

ASSESSING COMPLIANCE WITH SMOKE FREE LAWS IN BATU BURUK, TERENGGANU: A DIRECT OBSERVATION

Batu Buruk beach has been gazetted as a non-smoking zone by the Minister of Health under the initiative of Terengganu state government via their program known as ‘Terengganu Bebas Asap Rokok’ (TBAR). The smoking bans at Batu Buruk was enforced in order to preserve and protect the public from the dangers of cigarette smoke as well as to keep the city's environment clean and healthy. The objectives of this study were to assess the status of compliance to legislation and identify the potential aspects of violations in Batu Buruk, Terengganu, a gazetted smoke-free area. A cross-sectional study using direct observation was conducted includes all indoor and outdoor public areas in Batu Buruk Beach. Data were collected using a standard checklist which was constructed based on the provisions of the law governing exposure to tobacco smoke as stated in Control for Tobacco Products Regulation (CTPR) 2004. The study revealed that the average overall compliance with smoke-free policy was low (66.2%). The average compliance for indoor (67.4%) was higher as compared with outdoor (58.9%). Thirteen smokers were discovered smoking outdoor in the area during the study. None of the owners provides smoking aid at their premises. Although the beach has been gazetted as a non-smoking zone for more than two years, it is disappointing that overall compliance was still minimal and smoking activities are still happening in the area. Along with intense health promotion activities, continuous enforcement, close monitoring and periodic evaluation would improve and ensure the successfulness of the programme.

Roadsides are key habitats for birds in the Argentine Pampas: conservation and management implications

Summary Unexploited public areas such as roadsides could provide habitat to help preserve biodiversity in South America, as in other regions. Our objective was to determine the importance of the roadsides of the Argentine Pampas for native birds and to suggest management strategies. We surveyed birds inhabiting roadsides in all seasons and determined whether roadsides were used as habitat. We recorded a total of 95 species on roadsides, which represents 55% of those species described from the area. Species included specialists of grassland, wetland and woodland, 4 vulnerable species and 19 declining species. Bird richness decreased in winter, as well as grassland specialists’ abundances. Most individuals used roadsides for foraging and performing reproduction-related behaviours, mainly on native trees; these and tall grass were the main substrates. We conclude that many species of birds use the habitat provided by roadsides, and we recommend management strategies such as favouring seed availability in winter, restoring trees and tall grass and increasing vegetation diversity to maximize roadside conservation value.