Moderating effects of social support on the relationship between substance use disorders and HIV viral load and medication adherence among Black women living with HIV in the United States

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Our primary objective was to understand the relationship between incident or recent stressful events and adherence to HIV care in the context of other person, environment, and HIV-specific stressors in a sample of Black women living with HIV (WLWH). METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Thirty in-depth interviews were conducted with Black women living with HIV who receive care at an academic HIV primary care clinic in the Southern region of the United States to elicit stressful events influencing adherence to HIV care. Semi-structured interview guides were used to facilitate discussion regarding stressful events and adherence to HIV care. Interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were independently coded using a theme-based approach by two experienced coders, findings were compared, and discrepancies were resolved by discussion. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Participants described frequently experiencing incident stressful events including death or serious illness of a close friend or family member, and relationship, financial, and employment difficulties. Furthermore, participants reported experiencing traumatic events such as sexual and physical abuse during childhood and adolescents. While experiencing traumatic events such as sexual and physical abuse during childhood and adolescence may be distressing, these events did not influence adherence to HIV care. However, incident stressful events as defined above did influence adherence to HIV care for some participants, but not for others. For participants who reported that stressful events did not influence adherence to HIV care, factors such as personal motivation, access to social support, and adaptive coping strategies facilitated their engagement in care. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Experiencing stressful events, incident or traumatic, is common among Black WLWH and have the potential to negatively influence adherence to HIV care. Thus, Interventions aimed at identifying and addressing stress, social support, and coping are essential to improve adherence to HIV care behaviors.

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The Mediating Role of Social Support and Resilience Between HIV-Related Stigmas and Patient Activation Among Young Black Women Living With HIV in the Southern United States

Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care ◽

10.1097/jnc.0000000000000312 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽

Author(s):

Crystal Chapman Lambert ◽

Pariya L. Fazeli ◽

Ibrahim Yigit ◽

Latesha Elopre ◽

Kiko King ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Social Support ◽

Black Women ◽

Patient Activation ◽

Southern United States ◽

Mediating Role ◽

Women Living With Hiv ◽

Young Black Women ◽

Living With Hiv

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Urban specters

Environment and Planning D Society and Space ◽

10.1177/02637758211030286 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 026377582110302

Author(s):

Asha Best ◽

Margaret M Ramírez

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Black Women ◽

Urban Space ◽

Women Artists ◽

Social Life ◽

The United States ◽

Spatial Method ◽

Urban Futures ◽

Black Life ◽

The Relationship

In this piece, we take up haunting as a spatial method to consider what geography can learn from ghosts. Following Avery Gordon’s theorizations of haunting as a sociological method, a consideration of the spectral offers a means of reckoning with the shadows of social life that are not always readily apparent. Drawing upon art installations in Brooklyn, NY, White Shoes (2012–2016), and Oakland, CA, House/Full of BlackWomen (2015–present), we find that in both installations, Black women artists perform hauntings, threading geographies of race, sex, and speculation across past and present. We observe how these installations operate through spectacle, embodiment, and temporal disjuncture, illuminating how Black life and labor have been central to the construction of property and urban space in the United States. In what follows, we explore the following questions: what does haunting reveal about the relationship between property, personhood, and the urban in a time of racial banishment? And the second, how might we think of haunting as a mode of refusing displacement, banishment, and archival erasure as a way of imagining “livable” urban futures in which Black life is neither static nor obsolete?

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Neighborhood Racial Diversity, Socioeconomic Status, and Perceptions of HIV-Related Discrimination and Internalized HIV Stigma Among Women Living with HIV in the United States

AIDS Patient Care and STDs ◽

10.1089/apc.2019.0004 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (6) ◽

pp. 270-281 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kaylee B. Crockett ◽

Andrew Edmonds ◽

Mallory O. Johnson ◽

Torsten B. Neilands ◽

Mirjam-Colette Kempf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Racial Diversity ◽

The United States ◽

Hiv Stigma ◽

Women Living With Hiv ◽

Living With Hiv

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Poverty stigma is associated with suboptimal HIV care and treatment outcomes among women living with HIV in the United States

AIDS ◽

10.1097/qad.0000000000002189 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (8) ◽

pp. 1379-1384 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Anna M. Leddy ◽

Janet M. Turan ◽

Mallory O. Johnson ◽

Torsten B. Neilands ◽

Mirjam-Colette Kempf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Treatment Outcomes ◽

The United States ◽

Hiv Care ◽

Women Living With Hiv ◽

Care And Treatment ◽

Living With Hiv

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The Effects of Viral Load Burden on Pregnancy Loss among HIV-Infected Women in the United States

Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.1155/2015/362357 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jordan E. Cates ◽

Daniel Westreich ◽

Andrew Edmonds ◽

Rodney L. Wright ◽

Howard Minkoff ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Viral Load ◽

Pregnancy Loss ◽

Ethnically Diverse ◽

The United States ◽

Hiv Replication ◽

Hiv Viral Load ◽

Adjusted Risk ◽

Hiv Rna ◽

Risk Ratios

Background. To evaluate the effects of HIV viral load, measured cross-sectionally and cumulatively, on the risk of miscarriage or stillbirth (pregnancy loss) among HIV-infected women enrolled in the Women’s Interagency HIV Study between 1994 and 2013.Methods. We assessed three exposures: most recent viral load measure before the pregnancy ended, log10copy-years viremia from initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) to conception, and log10copy-years viremia in the two years before conception.Results. The risk of pregnancy loss for those with log10viral load >4.00 before pregnancy ended was 1.59 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.99, 2.56) times as high as the risk for women whose log10viral load was ≤1.60. There was not a meaningful impact of log10copy-years viremia since ART or log10copy-years viremia in the two years before conception on pregnancy loss (adjusted risk ratios (aRRs): 0.80 (95% CI: 0.69, 0.92) and 1.00 (95% CI: 0.90, 1.11), resp.).Conclusions. Cumulative viral load burden does not appear to be an informative measure for pregnancy loss risk, but the extent of HIV replication during pregnancy, as represented by plasma HIV RNA viral load, predicted loss versus live birth in this ethnically diverse cohort of HIV-infected US women.

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884. Title: Factors Associated with Lack of Viral Suppression Among Women Living with HIV in the United States: An Integrative Review

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofab466.1079 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S533-S534

Author(s):

Titilola Labisi ◽

Nada Fadul ◽

Jason Coleman ◽

Anthony Podany ◽

Keyonna King

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Substance Use ◽

Health Insurance ◽

Viral Suppression ◽

Common Factors ◽

The United States ◽

Related Factors ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Women Living With Hiv ◽

Living With Hiv

Abstract Background Women account for 19% of new HIV cases in the United States (US). Transgender women are 49 times more likely than other groups to be diagnosed with HIV. HIV is one of the top ten causes of death among women between 25 to 44 years. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and consequent viral suppression (VS) are keys to preventing sexual transmission, risk of drug resistance, and improving health outcomes. Hence, it is essential to identify factors behind VS in women living with HIV (WLWH). Methods This review identified and synthesized peer-reviewed studies describing reasons for lack of VS among WLWH in the US. : Using the PRISMA model, we searched CINAHL, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and PsycINFO, then selected US studies published from 2010 to April 2021. Studies that included men, non-adults, ongoing studies, and foreign studies were excluded. 1,359 studies were assessed and screened for duplicate and eligibility. PRISMA Model Results 15 studies were eligible for review; 8 included all WLWH, 5 focused on pregnant WLWH, 1 included only African American WLWH and 1 included only transgender WLWH. Based on study participants and findings, results were divided into pregnancy and non-pregnancy-related factors. Pregnancy-related factors: Early ART initiation and group prenatal care improved care retention and VS. WLWH in cities were more likely to be virally suppressed at delivery than those in rural regions. Intimate partner violence (IPV) was associated with poor ART adherence and time to achieve stable VS. Also, being postpartum was associated with high viral load regardless of ART. Non-pregnancy-related factors: The most reported common factors were substance use and IPV. Other factors included social determinants of health, age, race, health insurance, income, number of pills, and regimen. Transgender-specific factors were stress, race, age, relationship, transphobic experiences, gender satisfaction, and adherence to hormone therapy. Conclusion Substance use, income, mental health, health insurance, race, and ART regimen were the most common factors associated with VS in WLWH. There was paucity of data on transgender-specific VS factors. More research is needed to explore VS and treatment adherence amongWLWH, especially transgender women. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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