Chromosome Aberrations Following Irradiation with High-energy Protons and Their Secondary Radiation: A Study of Dose Distribution and Biological Efficiency Using Root-tips of Vicia Faba and Allium Cepa

1960 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Börje Larsson ◽  
Bengt A. Kihlman
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Chromosome Aberrations ◽  
Dose Distribution ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Secondary Radiation ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Root Tips

Über die Abhängigkeit der relativen biologischen Wirksamkeit hochenergetischer Bremsstrahlen von der durchstrahlten Materieschicht / Dependence of the Relative Biological Efficiency of High Energy Bremssstrahlen on the Depth in a Phantom

1969 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 1633-1640 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Stähler ◽  
F. Zywietz ◽  
W. Ewert ◽  
H. A. Künkel
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Linear Energy Transfer ◽  
Experimental Error ◽  
Nuclear Reactions ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Heavy Particles ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

The Relative Biological Efficiency (RBE) of 6-GeV-bremsstrahlung on 3-days-old seedlings of Vicia faba was investigated with the Deutsches ElektronenSynchrotron. Dosimetry was carried out by means of the butanol-sensitized FeII/FeIII-reaction. In a Lucite-phantom we observed an increase of the RBE from 0,65 at the surface to values of about 2 at a depth of 40 cm. As changes of that order of magnitude are doubtless beyond the limits of the maximum experimental error we suppose that production of heavy particles by nuclear reactions such as (γ, n) or (γ, p) in deeper layers of matter might cause an increase of the linear energy transfer of the beam.

A STUDY ON THE RADIOPROTECTIVE PROPERTY OF THIOUREA AGAINST RADIATION-INDUCED CHROMOSOME DAMAGE

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Chromosome Aberrations ◽  
Chromosome Damage ◽  
Radioprotective Property ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Anaphase Bridges ◽  
Chromosome Fragments ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Germinating Seeds

The protective ability of thiourea in five different concentrations ranging from 5 × 10−2M to 1 × 10−5M has been demonstrated on chromosome aberrations in root tips of Allium cepa exposed to 350r X-irradiation. It was shown that protection against radiation-induced chromosome fragments and anaphase bridges was attained when the germinating seeds had been treated with thiourea for 1 hour prior to irradiation.

STUDIES OF THE HERBICIDE PARAQUAT: I. Effects on the cell cycle and DNA synthesis in Vicia faba

1976 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra L. Bell ◽  
O. J. Schwarz ◽  
Karen W. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Chromosome Aberrations ◽  
Thymidine Incorporation ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Total Inhibition ◽  
S Period ◽  
Number Of Cells

Vicia faba root tips were exposed to concentrations of paraquat ranging from 10−3M to 10−6M. There was a statistically significant inhibition in 3H-thymidine incorporation, and, therefore, presumably of DNA synthesis by all concentrations of paraquat studied. All concentrations of paraquat also had a statistically significant effect on the percentage of cells in division at various hours following paraquat treatment. At 10−3M and 10−4M paraquat there was an almost total inhibition in the number of cells moving from the S period and through the G2 period and into division. Cells treated with 10−6M paraquat, however, did move through the G2 period and into division. A concentration of 10−4M paraquat did not result in an increase in chromosome aberrations.

Induction of micronucleated cells in Vicia faba and Allium cepa root tips treated with nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA)

1986 ◽  
Vol 171 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 145-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio De Marco ◽  
Michele Romanelli ◽  
M.Antonietta Stazi ◽  
Eleonora Vitagliano
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Nitrilotriacetic Acid ◽  
Root Tips

CYTOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF THE PESTICIDES PHOSDRIN AND BLADEX ON TRADESCANTIA AND VICIA FABA

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ahmed ◽  
W. F. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Chromosome Aberrations ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Floral Initiation ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Methane Sulfonate ◽  
Ethyl Methane ◽  
Pollen Mother Cells ◽  
Chromosome Fragments ◽  
Mother Cells

The cytological effects of the insecticide Phosdrin (mevinphos) and the herbicide Bladex on root tips of Tradescantia and Vicia faba were observed and compared with those of the chemical mutagen ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS). In addition, plants of Vicia faba were sprayed prior to floral initiation and pollen mother cells examined for chromosomal abnormalities. Phosdrin and Bladex produced the same kinds of chromosome abnormalities as EMS, namely, fragments, bridges, multipolar anaphases and lagging chromosomes. Bladex produced a higher percentage (3.47%) of chromosome aberrations in root tips of Tradescantia than did Phosdrin (2.56%), but fewer in Vicia faba than did either EMS or Phosdrin. Bladex was more toxic to cells of Vicia faba. The greater percentage of chromosome fragments induced by both pesticides in Vicia faba may be the result of highly specific and localized action of the pesticides in heterochromatic regions. Vicia faba seedlings sprayed with Phosdrin had a greater percentage of chromosome aberrations in the pollen mother cells than were found in root tips after Phosdrin treatment. Bladex sprayed at the same concentration as Phosdrin (200, 400, 600 ppm) was lethal to the plants. The frequency of chromosomal aberrations induced by both pesticides deviated significantly from that of the control.

Variation of RBE between p(75) + Be and d(50) + Be Neutrons Determined for Chromosome Aberrations in Allium cepa

1992 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 275 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Beauduin ◽  
G. Laublin ◽  
M. Octave-Prignot ◽  
J. Gueulette ◽  
A. Wambersie
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Chromosome Aberrations ◽  
P 75

The preprophase band: possible involvement in the formation of the cell wall

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Packard ◽  
S.M. Stack
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Preprophase Band ◽  
Adjacent Cell ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Meristematic Cells ◽  
Narrow Region ◽  
The Matrix

Numerous vesicles were observed among the microtubules of the “preprophase” band in prophase cells from root tips of Allium cepa. The content of these vesicles looks similar to the matrix of adjacent cell walls, and these vesicles often appear to be involved in exocytosis. In addition, the cell walls perpendicular to the plane of (beneath) the preprophase band are often differentially thickened compared to the walls lying parallel to the plane of the band. Our interpretation of these observations is that the preprophase band may direct or channel vesicles containing precursors of the cell wall to localized regions of wall synthesis. The incorporation of constituents of the cell wall into a narrow region defined by the position of the preprophase band may be a mechanism that ensures unidirecitonal growth of meristematic cells.

scholarly journals Influence of extract from shoots of Taxus baccata var. elegantissima on ultrastructure and tubulin cytoskeleton of meristematic cells of Allium cepa L. roots

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Majewska ◽  
Mirosława Furmanowa ◽  
Kazimierz Głowniak ◽  
Joanna Guzewska ◽  
Alicja Zobel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Chromatin Condensation ◽  
Preprophase Band ◽  
Taxus Baccata ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Meristematic Cells ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Interphase Cells ◽  
Average Size

We investigated the influence of extract from <em>Taxus baccata</em> var. Elegantissima (TbE) shoots in 1:8 dilution, containing paclitaxel in concentration of 81,6 µg/g fresh mass on ultrastructure and tubulin cytoskeleton of meristematic cells of <em>Allium cepa</em> L. root tips. Incubation time 3, 6, 12 and 24 h was followed with postincubation in water for 12 and 24 h. During shorter incubation (till 12 h) the surface of the cell nuclei decreased and chromatin became condensed (in comparison to control) but after 24 h the average surface increased and chromatin condensation decreased. In the course of incubation the average size of plastids and vacuoles increased. Moreover, after treatment mitochondria and plastids showed degradation of ultrastructure, which was reversed after 12 h of postincubation. Immunocytochemical assays demonstrated that in the course of incubation in the ThE extract, the tubulin cytoskeleton became partially disorganised. In most interphase cells, cortical microtubules (MTs) lost their oval transverse orientation. The preprophase band (PPB) position in the cell was often asymmetrical. The MTs array of the karyokinetic spindle and phragmoplast was also disturbed. These alterations were completely reversed during postincubation.

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