CYTOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF THE PESTICIDES PHOSDRIN AND BLADEX ON TRADESCANTIA AND VICIA FABA

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ahmed ◽  
W. F. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Chromosome Aberrations ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Floral Initiation ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Methane Sulfonate ◽  
Ethyl Methane ◽  
Pollen Mother Cells ◽  
Chromosome Fragments ◽  
Mother Cells

The cytological effects of the insecticide Phosdrin (mevinphos) and the herbicide Bladex on root tips of Tradescantia and Vicia faba were observed and compared with those of the chemical mutagen ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS). In addition, plants of Vicia faba were sprayed prior to floral initiation and pollen mother cells examined for chromosomal abnormalities. Phosdrin and Bladex produced the same kinds of chromosome abnormalities as EMS, namely, fragments, bridges, multipolar anaphases and lagging chromosomes. Bladex produced a higher percentage (3.47%) of chromosome aberrations in root tips of Tradescantia than did Phosdrin (2.56%), but fewer in Vicia faba than did either EMS or Phosdrin. Bladex was more toxic to cells of Vicia faba. The greater percentage of chromosome fragments induced by both pesticides in Vicia faba may be the result of highly specific and localized action of the pesticides in heterochromatic regions. Vicia faba seedlings sprayed with Phosdrin had a greater percentage of chromosome aberrations in the pollen mother cells than were found in root tips after Phosdrin treatment. Bladex sprayed at the same concentration as Phosdrin (200, 400, 600 ppm) was lethal to the plants. The frequency of chromosomal aberrations induced by both pesticides deviated significantly from that of the control.

scholarly journals Cytological Analysis of a Clethra alnifolia `Hokie Pink' × C. pringlei Hybrid

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-342
Author(s):  
Sandra M. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Male Gamete ◽  
Cytological Analysis ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Pollen Mother Cells ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Mother Cells ◽  
Deciduous Shrub

Clethra alnifolia L., a native deciduous shrub cultivated as an ornamental, was recently hybridized with C. pringlei S. Wats. The purpose of this hybridization was to combine the cold hardiness and adaptability of C. alnifolia with the ornamental foliage of C. pringlei. While most of the C. alnifolia × C. pringlei hybrids more closely resembled C. alnifolia than the paternal species, a `Hokie Pink' × C. pringlei hybrid (NA71586) with foliage that flushes red like C. pringlei was recovered. The objectives of this study were to analyze cytologically the F1 and produce a F2 population from NA71586. Chromosome counts from root tips cells indicated that NA71586 has 32 chromosomes. Since the chromosome number of C. alnifolia is 2n = 32 and that of C. pringlei was found to be 2n = 16, NA71586 appears to have developed following fertilization of a C. alnifolia egg with an unreduced male gamete from C. pringlei. Both `Hokie Pink' and C. pringlei exhibited primarily bivalent pairing in pollen mother cells (PMCs). Over half of the PMCs from NA71586 contained 16 bivalents, indicating substantial homology within the C. alnifolia genome. It was theorized that C. alnifolia is either an autotetraploid that exhibits bivalent pairing or a segmental allotetraploid produced from hybridization of species with similar genomes. More than 700 F2 progeny were obtained from self-pollination of NA71586. Although many of the F2 progeny resembled NA71586, variation in foliage color, size and shape was apparent in the population.

A STUDY ON THE RADIOPROTECTIVE PROPERTY OF THIOUREA AGAINST RADIATION-INDUCED CHROMOSOME DAMAGE

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Chromosome Aberrations ◽  
Chromosome Damage ◽  
Radioprotective Property ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Anaphase Bridges ◽  
Chromosome Fragments ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Germinating Seeds

The protective ability of thiourea in five different concentrations ranging from 5 × 10−2M to 1 × 10−5M has been demonstrated on chromosome aberrations in root tips of Allium cepa exposed to 350r X-irradiation. It was shown that protection against radiation-induced chromosome fragments and anaphase bridges was attained when the germinating seeds had been treated with thiourea for 1 hour prior to irradiation.

Protective Effect of Lycopene on Ethyl Methane Sulfonate induced Chromosome Aberrations inAllium cepa

Caryologia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Özlem Sultan Aslantürk ◽  
Tülay Aşkin Çelik
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Chromosome Aberrations ◽  
Ethyl Methane Sulfonate ◽  
Methane Sulfonate ◽  
Ethyl Methane

Induction of parthenogenesis, and chromosome behavior in plants of parthenogenetic origin in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

Genome ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhou Shi-Qi ◽  
Qian De-Qi ◽  
Cao Xiu-Yun
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Hibiscus Cannabinus ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Chromosome Behavior ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Physical Treatment ◽  
Pollen Mother Cells ◽  
Mother Cells

Different chemical, physical, and biological treatments were applied to emasculated flower buds of cotton hybrids (Gossypium hirsutum, 2n = 4x = 52) of various genotypes with the purpose of inducing haploid parthenogenesis. Of the treatments applied, the most effective chemical treatment was 0.2% colchicine in 0.2% dimethyl sulfoxide (1.22% parthenogenetic seed set), the most effective physical treatment was high temperature (2.66% parthenogenetic seed set), and the most effective biological treatment was pollination with Hibiscus cannabinus pollen (2.33% parthenogenetic seed set). In the progeny of five plants of parthenogenetic origin, chromosome number and meiotic behavior were studied. All were mixoploids at the dihaploid level and yet set bolls almost like normal allotetraploids. Chromosome numbers ranged from 12 to 56 in the root tips within plants, with a somewhat less pronounced variation between pollen mother cells. At meiotic metaphase I in pollen mother cells 89.8% of the chromosomes were associated. Of the bivalents 23.3% showed AA pairing, 18.7% showed DD pairing, and 18.4% showed AD pairing. Trivalents and higher multivalents involved 29.4% of the chromosomes, and 10.2% were univalents. Anaphase I segregation was often unequal. Yet fertility was as high as in the allotetraploid. It is possible that the second generation was formed by parthenogenesis after restitution in the embryonic mother cells.Key words: Gossypium hirsutum, cotton, parthenogenesis, mixoploidy, meiosis fertility.

Localized chromosome breakage induced by ethyl-methane-sulfonate and hydroxylamine in Vicia faba

Chromosoma ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Natarajan ◽  
M. D. Upadhya
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Chromosome Breakage ◽  
Ethyl Methane Sulfonate ◽  
Methane Sulfonate ◽  
Ethyl Methane

STUDIES OF THE HERBICIDE PARAQUAT: I. Effects on the cell cycle and DNA synthesis in Vicia faba

1976 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra L. Bell ◽  
O. J. Schwarz ◽  
Karen W. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Chromosome Aberrations ◽  
Thymidine Incorporation ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Total Inhibition ◽  
S Period ◽  
Number Of Cells

Vicia faba root tips were exposed to concentrations of paraquat ranging from 10−3M to 10−6M. There was a statistically significant inhibition in 3H-thymidine incorporation, and, therefore, presumably of DNA synthesis by all concentrations of paraquat studied. All concentrations of paraquat also had a statistically significant effect on the percentage of cells in division at various hours following paraquat treatment. At 10−3M and 10−4M paraquat there was an almost total inhibition in the number of cells moving from the S period and through the G2 period and into division. Cells treated with 10−6M paraquat, however, did move through the G2 period and into division. A concentration of 10−4M paraquat did not result in an increase in chromosome aberrations.

scholarly journals Copper Oxide Nanoparticles and Bulk Particles Stress Induced Cytological and Physiological Responses of Vicia Faba L.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaibhav Kumar ◽  
Adiba Khan ◽  
Alka Srivast ◽  
Praveen Chandra Verma ◽  
Gauri Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Copper Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Cuo Nps ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Plant Seedlings

Abstract CuO nanoparticles (NPs) and their bulk counter parts are being utilized in various industrial preparations. The progressive increase in the use of CuO NPs and bulk particles (BPs) eventually ends up in the environment, causing potential hazard to biota and imbalance in the abiotic components. In order to elucidate the toxic impact of CuO NPs and BPs, plant seedlings of Vicia faba var. Pusa Sumit were exposed to 20-100 mg L⁻1 of CuO NPs and BPs along with a control set up. Root tips and leaf tissues of plant seedlings were used to perform genotoxic and biochemical assays, respectively. Cytological preparations were used to screen mitotic indices (MI), micronuclei and chromosomal abnormalities (CAs). CuO NPs treatment led to 24.1 % reduction in MI and 7.9 % increase in CAs while BPs treatment reduced MI by 12.7 % and raised CAs by 4.3 % only. Bio-uptake of CuO NPs and BPs in the plant tissues is the key cause of oxidative stress. It triggered significant changes in lipid peroxidation and other biochemical parameters including enzymatic (peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione s-transferase and glutathione reductase) and non-enzymatic (photosynthetic pigments and proline content) components of antioxidant system in treated plant seedlings. In this study, CuO NPs caused 49.1 % to 96.7 % enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes as compared to BPs. These findings revealed that CuO NPs were more toxic to plants than their counter BPs.

scholarly journals Meiosis of anther culture regenerants in asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.)

1998 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Galli ◽  
Judith Viégas ◽  
Eliane Augustin ◽  
Marcia Ines Eckert ◽  
João Baptista da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Anther Culture ◽  
Genomic Instability ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Pollen Mother Cells ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Mother Cells

Pollen mother cells obtained from regenerated plants of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.), in a population composed exclusively of male plants, through the process of anther culture from the hybrid G27 X 22-8, were analyzed during meiosis. It was observed that, during theprocess of anther culture by organogenesis, the pollen mother cells of the regenerants had great genomic instability, as evidenced by disturbances in all the meiotic phases of the first and second division. Furthermore, structural chromosomal abnormalities, in addition to aneuploidy and polyploidy, were observed.

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