Making sense of the EU’s response to the Arab uprisings: foreign policy practice at times of crisis

This study presents Arab perspectives on changes in Turkish policy in the Middle East from 2010 until 2020. It examines how Arab countries perceive changes in Turkish regional policy after the 2010–11 uprisings. Unlike Western and Turkish literature that has highlighted identity–security combinations behind changes in Turkish regional policy, this study argues that the Arabic research literature provides a different perspective. Based on a foreign policy analysis concept of operational milieu, this study argues that Arab countries negatively perceive the changes in Turkish policy due to structural transformations in the region during and after the uprisings that paved the way for the reemergence of psychological barriers between both sides.

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Understanding New Middle Eastern Leadership: An Operational Code Approach

Political Research Quarterly ◽

10.1177/1065912917721744 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

pp. 19-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Özgür Özdamar ◽

Sercan Canbolat

Keyword(s):

Foreign Policy ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Belief Systems ◽

Middle Eastern ◽

Foreign Affairs ◽

Post Cold War ◽

Operational Code ◽

Arab Uprisings ◽

Study Results ◽

The Muslim Brotherhood

Political Islam and Islamist organizations have broadly gained strength across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) in the post-Cold War era. Following the Arab uprisings, the Muslim Brotherhood (MB), generally viewed as the world’s largest and most influential Islamist organization, has shaped the wider landscape of MENA politics. This study examines MB leadership by comparing M. Morsi of Egypt, R. Ghannouchi of Tunisia, and K. Meshaal of Gaza as examples of Islamist leaders to explain their political belief systems and predict their foreign-policy behavior. We use the operational code approach, a content-analysis software and statistical tests to conduct the study. Results show that the three leaders’ foreign policy beliefs are analogous to the averages of world leaders. Results also partially support the hypothesis that their foreign-policy propensities are similar to each other. We conclude that despite the conventional portrayal of MB leadership, these leaders use negotiation and cooperation to settle their differences in foreign affairs, and the best way to approach them is to engage in a Rousseauvian assurance game that emphasizes international social cooperation. Results also suggest important implications in terms of mainstream international relations theories.

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The European External Action Service and national foreign ministries: convergence or divergence? Edited by Rosa Balfour, Caterina Carta and Kristi Raik: EU foreign policy through the lens of discourse analysis: making sense of diversity. Edited by Caterin

International Affairs ◽

10.1111/1468-2346.12773 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 92 (6) ◽

pp. 1540-1542

Author(s):

Spyros Economides

Keyword(s):

Foreign Policy ◽

Discourse Analysis ◽

External Action ◽

Eu Foreign Policy ◽

Making Sense ◽

Foreign Ministries

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Examining Grow Your Own Programs Across the Teacher Development Continuum: Mining Research on Teachers of Color and Nontraditional Educator Pipelines

Journal of Teacher Education ◽

10.1177/0022487118787504 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 13-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Conra D. Gist ◽

Margarita Bianco ◽

Marvin Lynn

Keyword(s):

Teacher Development ◽

Ethnic Diversity ◽

Teachers Of Color ◽

Policy Practice ◽

Making Sense ◽

Grow Your Own ◽

Community Activists ◽

Different Types ◽

Racial Ethnic ◽

Recent Policy

Grow Your Own (GYO) programs are cited in recent policy briefs as viable pathways for increasing the racial/ethnic diversity of teachers, yet recent scholarship on GYO programs is minimal. To address this issue, this article investigates what we know, and do not know, about GYO programs, by examining a range of data sources on different types of GYO program teacher pools (e.g., middle/high school, paraprofessional, community activists/parents mentors) and making sense of findings over a continuum of teacher development (e.g., recruitment, preparation, induction, and retention). Based on a research synthesis within and across GYO program teacher pools, we argue implications for policy, practice, and research that should accompany increased recommendations for expanding GYO models for Teachers of Color.

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“Sovereign Democracy” Discourse in the Russian Foreign Policy

Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development - Economic and Geopolitical Perspectives of the Commonwealth of Independent States and Eurasia ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-3264-4.ch008 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 178-200

Author(s):

Neziha Musaoğlu

Keyword(s):

Foreign Policy ◽

Russian Federation ◽

The Other ◽

Russian Foreign Policy ◽

The West ◽

Policy Practice ◽

Other Hand ◽

The Usa ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

The One

Many important changes occurred in the Russian Federation's foreign policy since 2000s with Putin's coming to power. Although the foreign policy is defined as pragmatic during this period, it is in fact ideologically constructed on the basis of the concept of “sovereign democracy.” The concept constitutes in the same time the source of loyalty of the Russian reelpolitik towards the West, especially the USA and of the Russian anti-globalist policies. The aim of this chapter is to analyze the intellectual, normative, and conceptual dimensions of the “sovereign democracy” concept that could serve to conceive the foreign policy practice of the Russian Federation, on the one hand, and on the other hand its dialectical relationships with the West in the era of globalization.

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19. Enlargement

Policy-Making in the European Union ◽

10.1093/hepl/9780198807605.003.0019 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 440-468

Author(s):

Ulrich Sedelmeier

Keyword(s):

Foreign Policy ◽

Policy Process ◽

Member States ◽

New Member States ◽

Policy Practice ◽

External Governance ◽

The Impact ◽

Over Time

This chapter examines the main phases of the European Union’s enlargement policy process—association, pre-accession, and accession—and the key decisions involved in each of these stages. It discusses how these decisions are made, and how policy practice has evolved over time. The chapter then explores enlargement as a tool of foreign policy and external governance. It discusses the development of the EU’s accession conditionality as an instrument to influence domestic change in candidate countries and why conditionality appears to have become less effective after the 2007 enlargement round, including the impact of the EU’s ‘enlargement fatigue’ and manifestations of ‘democratic backsliding’ among new member states.

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