Laboratory Evaluation of Zinc Phosphide as a Rodenticide against Bandicota bengalensis

PANS ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-250
Author(s):  
Pe Than Htun ◽  
J. E. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Phosphide ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Bandicota Bengalensis

scholarly journals Efficacy of Germinated Cereals as Bait Carrier for Zinc Phosphide and Bromadiolone against Field and Commensal Rodent Pests: A Laboratory Evaluation

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
P. Sakthivel ◽  
P. Neelanarayanan
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Zinc Phosphide ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Mus Booduga ◽  
Bandicota Bengalensis ◽  
Choice Tests

Both sexes of rodent pests such as Bandicota bengalensis, Millardia meltada, Mus booduga, and Rattus rattus were subjected to toxicity tests (acute rodenticide: 1.5% and 2% zinc phosphide and chronic rodenticide: bromadiolone (0.005%), under no-choice and choice tests) by using their preferred germinated cereals, namely, paddy, pearl millet, and finger millet, as bait base, individually. The results indicated that the poison baits in the germinated cereals induced all the chosen four species of rodent pests to consume greater quantities of bait perhaps due to the bait carrier’s palatability and texture. Besides these, the chosen three germinated cereals proved themselves that they are also capable of acting as suitable bait base for both selected rodenticides in bringing maximum mortality among the tested rodent pests under both no-choice and choice tests. Therefore, these germinated cereals may be recommended as a bait carrier for both zinc phosphide (2%) and bromadiolone (0.005%) poisons for the control of all these four species of rodent pests under field conditions. However, this requires field based trials with rodenticides for making a final recommendation.

scholarly journals Laboratory evaluation of scilliroside used as a rodenticide against the lesser bandicoot rat, Bandicota bengalensis

1980 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe E. Brooks ◽  
Pe Than Htun
Keyword(s):  
Free Choice ◽  
Zinc Phosphide ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Bandicota Bengalensis ◽  
Convulsive Seizures ◽  
Choice Feeding

SUMMARYThe toxicity and efficacy of the acute rodenticide scilliroside was evaluated in the laboratory against the lesser bandicoot rat, Bandicota bengalensis. The acute oral LD50 and LD 95 doses for males were 0·8 mg/kg and 2·5 mg/kg respectively, and for females were 0·5 mg/kg and 1·6 mg/kg, respectively. When caged bandicoots were given a choice between plain and poison baits, the optimum concentration of scilliroside was found to be 0·05%. Symptoms of poisoning appear from 22 to 34 min after feeding starts and the latency pattern indicated an abrupt ceasing to feed at these points. Death occurred from 2 h to as long as 6 days after poisoning, following prolonged convulsive seizures. There appears to be aversion to scilliroside at all concentrations in food baits. Maximum mortality attained on free-choice feeding on scilliroside was 90%. Despite these disadvantages, the material may have merit as an alternative rodenticide to zinc phosphide where acute toxicants are to be used.

scholarly journals Rodent Damage and Control in Peanut Fields in India

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. R. Parshad ◽  
C. S. Malhi ◽  
N. Ahmad ◽  
B. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Zinc Phosphide ◽  
Single Treatment ◽  
Rodent Control ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Tatera Indica ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Bandicota Bengalensis ◽  
And Control ◽  
Methods Of Control

Abstract Studies were made on the identification, damage and chemical methods of control of rodent pests in irrigated and nonirrigated fields of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) at Ludhiana, India. Peanut fields were infested with Bandicota bengalensis, Tatera indica, Rattus meltada and Mus spp., except that B. bengalensis was absent in nonirrigated fields. These rodents reduced peanut yield by an average 3.86%, a loss of 190.18 rupees/ha ($15.12 US). Severe rodent damage was sporadic with a maximum of 18.97% reduction in peanut yield. Rodents inflicted more damage between 80 to 120 days after planting, i. e. during the pod fill stage of crop growth. A single treatment with poison bait at 80 to 90 days after planting with 2.4% zinc phosphide, 0.005% brodifacoum and 0.005% bromadiolone in cereal baits at the rate of 1 kg/ha resulted in 58.07%, 42.26% and 40.88% rodent control, respectively, in nonirrigated fields. In irrigated fields, 58.70% and 67.02% rodent control was achieved with zinc phosphide and brodifacoum baits respectively. Significantly higher rodent control was obtained with 2 treatments of either brodifacoum or bromadiolone than with a single treatment of any rodenticide. Wax blocks containing 0.005% brodifacoum were less effective than cereal baits containing the same rodenticide. Two applications at 10 day interval of either 0.005% brodifacoum or bromadiolone between 80–100 days after planting is suggested for rodent control in peanut fields.

scholarly journals Use of carbon disulfide as attractant for trapping and rodenticide baiting of Bandicota bengalensis (GRAY)

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Shah Alam ◽  
ATM Hasanuzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Carbon Disulfide ◽  
Zinc Phosphide ◽  
Natural Field ◽  
Novel Food ◽  
Rodent Population ◽  
Bandicota Bengalensis ◽  
Population Reduction ◽  
Vertebrate Pest

Management of rodent with rodenticide and trapping is frequently ineffective due to bait or trap shyness and neophobia. A study was conducted in the laboratory of Vertebrate Pest Division, BARI, Gazipur and field to increase the attractiveness of bait or trap to B. bengalensis and enhance the consumption of novel food by using different concentration of carbon disulfide (CS2). Study revealed that addition of CS2 improved bait acceptance of food. Five ppm concentration of CS2, rat consumed significantly greater amount of cereal bait than untreated plain wheat bait. In semi-natural field test, significantly greater number (59%) of rat was trapped in CS2 scented bait than without scented bait (41%). In the field study higher population reduction (85-91%) was achieved with CS2 scented zinc phosphide bait than without scented zinc phosphide bait (50%). That is 80% higher reduction of rodent population was achieved with CS2 treated zinc phosphide bait. From this study we conclude that CS2 can improve the efficiency and consumption of poison bait and can increase trap success.SAARC J. Agri., 14(1): 93-101 (2016)

scholarly journals Laboratory evaluation of pyriminyl used as a rodenticide against the lesser bandicoot rat, Bandicota bengalensis

1978 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe E. Brooks ◽  
Pe Than Htun
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Oral Dosing ◽  
Bandicota Bengalensis ◽  
Choice Feeding

SummaryThe properties of pyriminyl (N-3-pyridylmethyl-N′-p-nitrophenyl urea) as a rodenticide against the lesser bandicoot rat (Bandicota bengalensis) in Rangoon, Burma, were investigated in the laboratory. The acute LD 50 and LD 95 dose of orally administered pyriminyl for B. bengalensis were found to be 6·7 mg/kg and 23·0, mg/kg of body weight respectively. When caged bandicoots were given a choice between plain and poisoned baits, the optimum rodenticidal concentration in the bait was found to be 0·25–0·5%. Symptoms of pyriminyl poisoning appear from 1 to 4 h after feeding starts, giving individual animals time to consume from 2 to over 30 LD 50 doses of 0·5% pyriminyl before feeding stops. Deaths occurred from 4 to 96 h after either oral dosing or free-choice feeding. There appeared to be no significant aversion to the poison at 0·25% or 0·5% concentration in foods. The potential hazards and use of pyriminyl as a field bait against populations of B. bengalensis are discussed.

Clinical features and outcome of acquired haemophilia A

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (03) ◽  
pp. 156-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gheisari ◽  
B. Bomke ◽  
T. Hoffmann ◽  
R. E. Scharf
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Treatment Algorithm ◽  
Early Death ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Sarcoidosis ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Haemophilia A ◽  
Acquired Haemophilia

SummaryWe have performed a monocenter study on 29 consecutive patients with acquired haemophilia A who were referred for diagnosis and treatment to the Düsseldorf Haemophilia Comprehensive Care Center between March 2001 and February 2010. Patients, methods: 18 men (age: 44–86 years) and 11 women (age: 20–83 years). For laboratory evaluation, a standardized staged protocol of aPTT, FVIII : C activity and concentration, mixing studies with patient and normal plasma, and quantification of inhibitor titers (Bethesda assay) was used. Diagnostic work-up included elaborate examinations for any underlying disease. Results: In 18 (62%) of the 29 patients with acquired haemophilia A, an underlying disorder was identified, including 9 patients with respiratory diseases (31%), 7 patients with autoimmune disorders (24%), one with malignancy, and one with postpartum state, while in 11 patients (38%) acquired haemophilia A remained idiopathic. Haemotherapy of bleeding, suppression or elimination of the inhibitor, and induction of immunotolerance to endogenous FVIII:C were performed according to a treatment algorithm. Predefined clinical endpoints were control of bleeding, eradication of the inhibitor, complete or partial remission (CR, PR), relapse, or early death (≤30 days). Of the 29 patients in total, 22 individuals achieved CR (76%), three had PR, one relapsed, and three died within 30 days (one of acute myocardial infarction while on anti-haemorrhagic treatment, one of sepsis while on immunosuppression due to active acquired haemophilia A, one of lung bleeding in association with pre-existing pulmonary sarcoidosis). Conclusion: This monocenter study demonstrates that control of life-threatening bleeding, eradication of the inhibitor, and induction of tolerance to endogenous FVIII have significantly improved the clinical outcome of acquired haemophilia A. Our data also suggest a shift in underlying disorders associated with acquired haemophilia A, whereby, in comparison to published studies, a relative increase in the proportion of patients with respiratory diseases is present.

Laboratory Evaluation and Clinical Characteristics of 2,132 Consecutive Unselected Patients with Venous Thromboembolism – Results of the Spanish Multicentric Study on Thrombophilia (EMET*-Study)

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (03) ◽  
pp. 444-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Mateo ◽  
Artur Oliver ◽  
Montserrat Borrell ◽  
Núria Sala ◽  
Jordi Fontcuberta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Protein C ◽  
Protein S ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Clinical Factors ◽  
Recurrent Thrombosis ◽  
Heparin Cofactor Ii ◽  
Crude Odds Ratio ◽  
History Of

SummaryPrevious studies on the prevalence of biological abnormalities causing venous thrombosis and the clinical characteristics of thrombotic patients are conflicting. We conducted a prospective study on 2,132 consecutive evaluable patients with venous thromboembolism to determine the prevalence of biological causes. Antithrombin, protein C, protein S, plasminogen and heparin cofactor-II deficiencies, dysfibrinoge-nemia, lupus anticoagulant and antiphospholipid antibodies were investigated. The risk of any of these alterations in patients with familial, recurrent, spontaneous or juvenile venous thrombosis was assessed. The overall prevalence of protein deficiencies was 12.85% (274/2,132) and antiphospholipid antibodies were found in 4.08% (87/2,132). Ten patients (0.47%) had antithrombin deficiency, 68 (3.19%) protein C deficiency, 155 (7.27%) protein S deficiency, 16 (0.75%) plasminogen deficiency, 8 (0.38%) heparin cofactor-II deficiency and 1 had dysfib-rinogenemia. Combined deficiencies were found in 16 cases (0.75%). A protein deficiency was found in 69 of 303 (22.8%) patients with a family history of thrombosis and in 205/1,829 (11.2%) without a history (crude odds ratio 2.34, 95% Cl 1.72-3.17); in 119/665 (17.9%) patients with thrombosis before the age of 45 and in 153/1,425 (10.7%) after the age of 45 (crude odds ratio 1.81, 95% Cl 1.40-2.35); in 103/616 (16.7%) with spontaneous thrombosis and in 171/1,516 (11.3%) with secondary thrombosis (crude odds ratio 1.58, 95% Cl 1.21-2.06); in 68/358 (19.0%) with recurrent thrombosis and in 206/1,774 (11.6%) with a single episode (crude odds ratio 1.78,95% Cl 1.32-2.41). Patients with combined clinical factors had a higher risk of carrying some deficiency. Biological causes of venous thrombosis can be identified in 16.93% of unselected patients. Family history of thrombosis, juvenile, spontaneous and recurrent thrombosis are the main clinical factors which enhance the risk of a deficiency. Laboratory evaluation of thrombotic patients is advisable, especially if some of these clinical factors are present.

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