scholarly journals Assessing Self-Regulation in the Classroom: Validation of the BIS-11 and the BRIEF in Low-Income, Ethnic Minority School-Age Children

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 883-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana L. Charles McCoy ◽  
C. Cybele Raver ◽  
Amy E. Lowenstein ◽  
Nicole Tirado-Strayer
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age

Rare Vocabulary Production in School-Age Narrators From Low-Income Communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Mahurin-Smith ◽  
Monique T. Mills ◽  
Rong Chang
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Low Income ◽  
American English ◽  
Automated Analysis ◽  
African American English ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Language Tests ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Language Sample

Purpose This study was designed to assess the utility of a tool for automated analysis of rare vocabulary use in the spoken narratives of a group of school-age children from low-income communities. Method We evaluated personal and fictional narratives from 76 school-age children from low-income communities ( M age = 9;3 [years;months]). We analyzed children's use of rare vocabulary in their narratives, with the goal of evaluating relationships among rare vocabulary use, performance on standardized language tests, language sample measures, sex, and use of African American English. Results Use of rare vocabulary in school-age children is robustly correlated with established language sample measures. Male sex was also significantly associated with more frequent rare vocabulary use. There was no association between rare vocabulary use and use of African American English. Discussion Evaluation of rare vocabulary use in school-age children may be a culturally fair assessment strategy that aligns well with existing language sample measures.

Abstract MP34: In Praise of Demanding Parenting: The Effects of Parenting Style and Poverty on Obesity Risk in Children: Evidence from a Nationally Representative Sample

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Kakinami ◽  
Tracie Barnett ◽  
Gilles Paradis
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Style ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Familial Influences

Background: One-quarter of children are already overweight or obese when they enter preschool, underscoring a critical need to improve our understanding of childhood determinants of health, including both sociodemographic (such as poverty) and social-familial influences (such as parenting style), as well as how these determinants may interact with one another. Objective: To examine the effects of parenting style on the risk of obesity in youth and determine if poverty is a mediator or moderator for this association. Methods: Participants (age 0-11) were from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY), a representative cross-sectional survey of youth collected bi-annually (1994-2008) throughout Canada. Factor analysis identified 4 parenting styles consistent with Baumrind’s theory of authoritative (demanding and responsive), authoritarian (demanding but not responsive), permissive (responsive but not demanding), and negligent (not demanding and not responsive) parenting control prototypes. Multivariable logistic regression assessed the risk of a child being obese (BMI percentile ≥ 97.7 th compared to age- and sex-specific WHO growth curves) based on parenting style after adjusting for age, sex, parental education, immigration status, family functioning score, birth order, and maternal age. Analyses were stratified by age (younger: 2-5 years of age, n=19,026; school-age: 6-11 years of age, n=18,551) due to age-related differences in parenting styles. Mediation or moderation by poverty (household income < low income cut-offs adjusted for household size and geographic region) was assessed. Analyses used sampling and bootstrap weights. Results: Younger children’s parents were primarily authoritative (42%, n=7357), followed by negligent (22%, n=3763), permissive (20%, n=3436), and authoritarian (16%, n=4470). Parenting styles in school-age children were similar (authoritative: 32%, n=7195, negligent: 31%, n=5586, permissive: 22%, n=3850, authoritarian: 15%, n=1920). In multivariable analyses, compared to authoritative parenting, younger and school-age children with authoritarian parents were 30% (95% CI: 1.1-1.5, p=0.0002) and 37% (CI: 1.1-1.7, p=0.006) more likely to be obese, respectively. In younger children, poverty moderated this association: authoritarian and negligent parenting was associated with 39% (CI: 1.2-1.6, p<0.0001) and 28% (CI: 1.1-1.5, p=0.002) increased risk of obesity, respectively, only among the children not living in poverty. In school-age children, poverty was not a mediator or moderator. Conclusions: Parenting style is associated with a child’s risk of obesity but is moderated by poverty in younger children. Successful strategies to combat childhood obesity need to reflect the independent and interactive effects of sociodemographic and social-familial influences on health especially in early childhood.

scholarly journals Unique contributions of fathering to emerging self-regulation in low-income ethnic minority preschoolers

2013 ◽  
Vol 183 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 464-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Tresch Owen ◽  
Margaret O'Brien Caughy ◽  
Jamie R. Hurst ◽  
Melissa Amos ◽  
Nazly Hasanizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Self Regulation

The significance of grit from social support and health determinants

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-62
Author(s):  
Whitney Key ◽  
Jang Ho Park ◽  
Philip Young P Hong
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Academic Success ◽  
Workforce Development ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Health Determinants ◽  
School Age ◽  
Job Seeking ◽  
Employment Goals

Non-cognitive skills are known to be influenced by the environment, especially regarding health and social support. One emerging non-cognitive skill is grit that can be defined as a success measure among low-income adults. It has been studied mostly among school-age children as it relates to academic success however little attention has paid to grit in workforce development. This is important to recognize as two identifiers for workforce success are social support and health. This paper aims to investigate the effects of health and social support on grit. Regression analysis was completed on 520 low-income, job seeking adults. A series of multiple regression results indicate that social support and health—physical, emotional, and general—have statistically significant independently and combined effects on grit. This finding is important for workforce development practitioners to understand when working with job seeking clients who are having difficulty in demonstrating the necessary tenacity to continue the path to achieve employment goals. 

Deficient Emotional Self-Regulation in Preschoolers With ADHD: Identification, Comorbidity, and Interpersonal Functioning

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 887-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Grazia Melegari ◽  
Roberto Sacco ◽  
Barbara Manzi ◽  
Elena Vittori ◽  
Antonio M. Persico
Keyword(s):  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Attention Problems ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Interpersonal Functioning ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Psychiatric Interview

Objective: This study aims to develop an age-adjusted Child Behavior Checklist- (CBCL) and Teacher Report Form (TRF)-based method for the detection of deficient emotional self-regulation (DESR) in preschoolers with ADHD and to assess its incidence, comorbidities, and consequences on interpersonal functioning. Method: Eighty-six ADHD preschoolers and 104 controls were assessed using CBCL, TRF/1½ to 5, Psychiatric Interview With Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment, Leiter-R, and ADHD rating scales. Results: Greatest sensitivity and specificity were obtained applying slightly lower threshold scores compared with school-age children (CBCL: Anxiety/Depression [A/D] ≥ 59, Attention Problems [AP] ≥ 60, Aggression Behaviors [AB] ≥ 58; TRF: A/D ≥ 59, AP ≥ 60, AB ≥ 60). DESR was detected in 33/86 (38.4%) and in 16/54 (29.6%) ADHD preschoolers versus 2/104 (1.9%) controls using CBCL and TRF, respectively. DESR is associated with significantly greater comorbidity and impairment in interpersonal functioning. Conclusion: Among ADHD preschoolers, DESR (a) requires lower CBCL and TRF threshold scores for detection, compared with school-age children, (b) displays similar incidence rates, and (c) is associated with enhanced psychiatric comorbidity and interpersonal difficulties.

scholarly journals Comparing Diet Quality of Racial Minority Children from Low-Income Households During the Summer versus School Year: Results from the Project SWEAT Study (P04-102-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Hopkins ◽  
Carolyn Gunther
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Racial Minority ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Plant Protein ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Time Points ◽  
School Year

Abstract Objectives Compare the diet quality of racial minority school-age children from low-income households during the summer versus school year. Methods Two elementary schools in low-income urban neighborhoods of Columbus, OH were recruited. Families with children at these schools were invited to participate. Caregivers completed a demographic survey at baseline (t0). Child diet was assessed using three 24-hr dietary recalls (2 weekdays and 1 weekend day) at 3 time points: 1) baseline/beginning of summer (t0); 2) middle of summer (t1); and 3) beginning of subsequent school year (t2). Demographic data were summarized. Healthy Eating Index (HEI) 2015 was calculated: total [100] and component [Adequacy: total fruit (5), whole fruit (5), total vegetable (5), greens and beans (5), whole grains (10), dairy (10), total protein (5), seafood and plant protein (5), fatty acids (10); Moderation: refined grains (10), sodium (10), added sugars (10), saturated fats (10)]. Paired t-tests were conducted to determine differences in diet quality between time points (t0: t1, t1: t2, t0: t2). Results 62 children (39 families) enrolled. Mean age was 7.08 ±0.34 yr, 80.67% were African American, and 69.35% low-income. Participant retention from t0: t1 and t0: t2 was 95.16% and 75.81%. Mean total HEI was 47.37 ± 1.57 (t0), 47.51 ± 1.22 (t1), and 51.13 ± 1.46 (t2) with significant differences between summer and school year time points (t0: t2, P = 0.02; t1: t2, P = 0.01). Significant differences in adequacy and moderation HEI component scores between the two summer time points and school year time point were observed such that child diet quality was better during the school year. Adequacy: whole fruit (t1: t2 P = 0.02), total vegetable (t0: t2 P < 0.01; t1: t2 P < 0.01), greens beans (t0: t1 P < 0.01; t1: t2 P < 0.01), and seafood and plant protein (t0: t2 P = 0.06; t1: t2 P = 0.08). Moderation: sodium (t0: t2 P = 0.07) and added sugar (t0: t2 P = 0.06; t1: t2 P = 0.02). The HEI component score for whole grains was significantly better during the summer compared to the school year (t0: t2 P < 0.01; t1: t2 P < 0.01). Conclusions Except for whole grains, child diet quality is better during the school year versus summer. Findings from this study provide the first insight into potential determinants of unhealthy weight gain observed among economically disadvantaged, school-age children during the summer months. Funding Sources USDA North Central Nutrition Education for Excellence.

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