Child care for low-income school-age children: Disability and family structure effects in a national sample

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 927-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan L. Parish ◽  
Jennifer M. Cloud
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Family Structure ◽  
Low Income ◽  
National Sample ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age

Rare Vocabulary Production in School-Age Narrators From Low-Income Communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Mahurin-Smith ◽  
Monique T. Mills ◽  
Rong Chang
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Low Income ◽  
American English ◽  
Automated Analysis ◽  
African American English ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Language Tests ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Language Sample

Purpose This study was designed to assess the utility of a tool for automated analysis of rare vocabulary use in the spoken narratives of a group of school-age children from low-income communities. Method We evaluated personal and fictional narratives from 76 school-age children from low-income communities ( M age = 9;3 [years;months]). We analyzed children's use of rare vocabulary in their narratives, with the goal of evaluating relationships among rare vocabulary use, performance on standardized language tests, language sample measures, sex, and use of African American English. Results Use of rare vocabulary in school-age children is robustly correlated with established language sample measures. Male sex was also significantly associated with more frequent rare vocabulary use. There was no association between rare vocabulary use and use of African American English. Discussion Evaluation of rare vocabulary use in school-age children may be a culturally fair assessment strategy that aligns well with existing language sample measures.

Abstract MP34: In Praise of Demanding Parenting: The Effects of Parenting Style and Poverty on Obesity Risk in Children: Evidence from a Nationally Representative Sample

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Kakinami ◽  
Tracie Barnett ◽  
Gilles Paradis
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Style ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Familial Influences

Background: One-quarter of children are already overweight or obese when they enter preschool, underscoring a critical need to improve our understanding of childhood determinants of health, including both sociodemographic (such as poverty) and social-familial influences (such as parenting style), as well as how these determinants may interact with one another. Objective: To examine the effects of parenting style on the risk of obesity in youth and determine if poverty is a mediator or moderator for this association. Methods: Participants (age 0-11) were from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY), a representative cross-sectional survey of youth collected bi-annually (1994-2008) throughout Canada. Factor analysis identified 4 parenting styles consistent with Baumrind’s theory of authoritative (demanding and responsive), authoritarian (demanding but not responsive), permissive (responsive but not demanding), and negligent (not demanding and not responsive) parenting control prototypes. Multivariable logistic regression assessed the risk of a child being obese (BMI percentile ≥ 97.7 th compared to age- and sex-specific WHO growth curves) based on parenting style after adjusting for age, sex, parental education, immigration status, family functioning score, birth order, and maternal age. Analyses were stratified by age (younger: 2-5 years of age, n=19,026; school-age: 6-11 years of age, n=18,551) due to age-related differences in parenting styles. Mediation or moderation by poverty (household income < low income cut-offs adjusted for household size and geographic region) was assessed. Analyses used sampling and bootstrap weights. Results: Younger children’s parents were primarily authoritative (42%, n=7357), followed by negligent (22%, n=3763), permissive (20%, n=3436), and authoritarian (16%, n=4470). Parenting styles in school-age children were similar (authoritative: 32%, n=7195, negligent: 31%, n=5586, permissive: 22%, n=3850, authoritarian: 15%, n=1920). In multivariable analyses, compared to authoritative parenting, younger and school-age children with authoritarian parents were 30% (95% CI: 1.1-1.5, p=0.0002) and 37% (CI: 1.1-1.7, p=0.006) more likely to be obese, respectively. In younger children, poverty moderated this association: authoritarian and negligent parenting was associated with 39% (CI: 1.2-1.6, p<0.0001) and 28% (CI: 1.1-1.5, p=0.002) increased risk of obesity, respectively, only among the children not living in poverty. In school-age children, poverty was not a mediator or moderator. Conclusions: Parenting style is associated with a child’s risk of obesity but is moderated by poverty in younger children. Successful strategies to combat childhood obesity need to reflect the independent and interactive effects of sociodemographic and social-familial influences on health especially in early childhood.

The significance of grit from social support and health determinants

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-62
Author(s):  
Whitney Key ◽  
Jang Ho Park ◽  
Philip Young P Hong
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Academic Success ◽  
Workforce Development ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Health Determinants ◽  
School Age ◽  
Job Seeking ◽  
Employment Goals

Non-cognitive skills are known to be influenced by the environment, especially regarding health and social support. One emerging non-cognitive skill is grit that can be defined as a success measure among low-income adults. It has been studied mostly among school-age children as it relates to academic success however little attention has paid to grit in workforce development. This is important to recognize as two identifiers for workforce success are social support and health. This paper aims to investigate the effects of health and social support on grit. Regression analysis was completed on 520 low-income, job seeking adults. A series of multiple regression results indicate that social support and health—physical, emotional, and general—have statistically significant independently and combined effects on grit. This finding is important for workforce development practitioners to understand when working with job seeking clients who are having difficulty in demonstrating the necessary tenacity to continue the path to achieve employment goals. 

scholarly journals Comparing Diet Quality of Racial Minority Children from Low-Income Households During the Summer versus School Year: Results from the Project SWEAT Study (P04-102-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Hopkins ◽  
Carolyn Gunther
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Racial Minority ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Plant Protein ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Time Points ◽  
School Year

Abstract Objectives Compare the diet quality of racial minority school-age children from low-income households during the summer versus school year. Methods Two elementary schools in low-income urban neighborhoods of Columbus, OH were recruited. Families with children at these schools were invited to participate. Caregivers completed a demographic survey at baseline (t0). Child diet was assessed using three 24-hr dietary recalls (2 weekdays and 1 weekend day) at 3 time points: 1) baseline/beginning of summer (t0); 2) middle of summer (t1); and 3) beginning of subsequent school year (t2). Demographic data were summarized. Healthy Eating Index (HEI) 2015 was calculated: total [100] and component [Adequacy: total fruit (5), whole fruit (5), total vegetable (5), greens and beans (5), whole grains (10), dairy (10), total protein (5), seafood and plant protein (5), fatty acids (10); Moderation: refined grains (10), sodium (10), added sugars (10), saturated fats (10)]. Paired t-tests were conducted to determine differences in diet quality between time points (t0: t1, t1: t2, t0: t2). Results 62 children (39 families) enrolled. Mean age was 7.08 ±0.34 yr, 80.67% were African American, and 69.35% low-income. Participant retention from t0: t1 and t0: t2 was 95.16% and 75.81%. Mean total HEI was 47.37 ± 1.57 (t0), 47.51 ± 1.22 (t1), and 51.13 ± 1.46 (t2) with significant differences between summer and school year time points (t0: t2, P = 0.02; t1: t2, P = 0.01). Significant differences in adequacy and moderation HEI component scores between the two summer time points and school year time point were observed such that child diet quality was better during the school year. Adequacy: whole fruit (t1: t2 P = 0.02), total vegetable (t0: t2 P < 0.01; t1: t2 P < 0.01), greens beans (t0: t1 P < 0.01; t1: t2 P < 0.01), and seafood and plant protein (t0: t2 P = 0.06; t1: t2 P = 0.08). Moderation: sodium (t0: t2 P = 0.07) and added sugar (t0: t2 P = 0.06; t1: t2 P = 0.02). The HEI component score for whole grains was significantly better during the summer compared to the school year (t0: t2 P < 0.01; t1: t2 P < 0.01). Conclusions Except for whole grains, child diet quality is better during the school year versus summer. Findings from this study provide the first insight into potential determinants of unhealthy weight gain observed among economically disadvantaged, school-age children during the summer months. Funding Sources USDA North Central Nutrition Education for Excellence.

scholarly journals Assessing Self-Regulation in the Classroom: Validation of the BIS-11 and the BRIEF in Low-Income, Ethnic Minority School-Age Children

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 883-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana L. Charles McCoy ◽  
C. Cybele Raver ◽  
Amy E. Lowenstein ◽  
Nicole Tirado-Strayer
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age

scholarly journals Using Novel Technology within a School-Based Setting to Increase Physical Activity: A Pilot Study in School-Age Children from a Low-Income, Urban Community

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Whitney Evans ◽  
Ana M. Abrantes ◽  
Eva Chen ◽  
Elissa Jelalian
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
School Based ◽  
American Children

Background. Less than half of American children meet national physical activity (PA) recommendations. This study tested the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of using wearable PA monitors to increase PA in school-age children. Methods. In Phase 1 of this study, conducted in 2014, 32 fifth-grade students enrolled in a low-resource middle school were given a waist-worn Fitbit Zip monitor for 4 weeks to test its feasibility (adherence) and acceptability. Adherence, wear time of ≥8 hours per day, was examined. Feedback was solicited from parents through structured interviews. In Phase 2, conducted in 2015, 42 sixth-grade students were assigned, by classroom, to one of three conditions (Fitbit + goal and incentive-based intervention, Fitbit only, or control) to test the feasibility of the wrist-worn Fitbit Charge and its preliminary effectiveness in increasing PA over 6 weeks. Results. In Phase 1, average adherence was 64.1%. In Phase 2, it was 73.4% and 80.2% for participants in the Fitbit + intervention and Fitbit only groups, respectively (p=.07). After controlling for baseline values, weight status, and sex, there were no significant group differences in changes in MVPA or steps from baseline to follow-up. Conclusions. While moderately acceptable, wearable PA monitors did not increase PA levels in this sample. They may be more effective within a coordinated school-based physical activity program.

scholarly journals Xerophthalmia and Its Associated Factors among School-Age Children in Amba Giorgis Town, Northwest Ethiopia, 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Gizachew Tilahun Belete ◽  
Assefa Lake Fenta ◽  
Mohammed Seid Hussen
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
World Health ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Study Participants

Introduction. Xerophthalmia is a general term applied to all the ocular manifestations from night blindness through complete corneal destruction (keratomalacia) due to vitamin A deficiency. Xerophthalmia is the main contributing factors for childhood blindness in developing countries. However, there is limited evidence that can implicate the current situation. This study aimed to determine the magnitude of xerophthalmia and associated factors among school-age children in Northwest Ethiopia. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 490 children, age range of 6 to 12 years. The study participants were selected through systematic random sampling method. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire and ophthalmic examination with different ophthalmic instruments. The analyzed result was summarized and presented using descriptive statistics. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with xerophthalmia. Variables with a p value of <0.05 in the multivariable logistic regression analysis were considered as statistically significant. Results. A total of 484 study participants with a response rate of 98.8 were involved in this study, and their median age was 8 years with IQR of 4 years. The prevalence of xerophthalmia was 8.26% (95% CI: 5.8, 10.7). Family income less than 1000 Ethiopian birr (AOR = 4.65, 95% CI: 1.31, 16.4), presence of febrile illness (AOR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.49, 6.11), poor consumption of fruits and vegetables (AOR = 3.18, 95% CI: 1.30, 7.80), and nonimmunized status (AOR = 3.43, 95% CI: 1.49, 7.89) were significantly associated with xerophthalmia. Conclusions and recommendations. The prevalence of xerophthalmia was high as compared to the World Health Organization criteria for public health significance. Factors identified for xerophthalmia in this study are low income, the poor dietary practice of fruits and vegetables, and the presence of febrile illness and not immunized. Hence, it is a public problem that needs attention.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document