scholarly journals Amygdala Activation and Emotional Processing in Adolescents at Risk for Substance Use Disorders

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn L. Lindsay ◽  
Stefan Pajtek ◽  
Ralph E. Tarter ◽  
Elizabeth C. Long ◽  
Duncan B. Clark
2020 ◽  

The first study to examine the potential of machine learning in early prediction of later substance use disorders (SUDs) in youth with ADHD has been published in the Journal of Child Psychiatry and Psychology.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin R. Coker ◽  
Bailey N. Keller ◽  
Amy C. Arnold ◽  
Yuval Silberman

The prevalence of psychiatry disorders such as anxiety and depression has steadily increased in recent years in the United States. This increased risk for anxiety and depression is associated with excess weight gain, which is often due to over-consumption of western diets that are typically high in fat, as well as with binge eating disorders, which often overlap with overweight and obesity outcomes. This finding suggests that diet, particularly diets high in fat, may have important consequences on the neurocircuitry regulating emotional processing as well as metabolic functions. Depression and anxiety disorders are also often comorbid with alcohol and substance use disorders. It is well-characterized that many of the neurocircuits that become dysregulated by overconsumption of high fat foods are also involved in drug and alcohol use disorders, suggesting overlapping central dysfunction may be involved. Emerging preclinical data suggest that high fat diets may be an important contributor to increased susceptibility of binge drug and ethanol intake in animal models, suggesting diet could be an important aspect in the etiology of substance use disorders. Neuroinflammation in pivotal brain regions modulating metabolic function, food intake, and binge-like behaviors, such as the hypothalamus, mesolimbic dopamine circuits, and amygdala, may be a critical link between diet, ethanol, metabolic dysfunction, and neuropsychiatric conditions. This brief review will provide an overview of behavioral and physiological changes elicited by both diets high in fat and ethanol consumption, as well as some of their potential effects on neurocircuitry regulating emotional processing and metabolic function.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanli Zhang-James ◽  
Qi Chen ◽  
Ralf Kuja-Halkola ◽  
Paul Lichtenstein ◽  
Henrik Larsson ◽  
...  

AbstractBackgroundChildren with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have a high risk for substance use disorders (SUDs). Early identification of at-risk youth would help allocate scarce resources for prevention programs.MethodsPsychiatric and somatic diagnoses, family history of these disorders, measures of socioeconomic distress and information about birth complications were obtained from the national registers in Sweden for 19,787 children with ADHD born between 1989-1993. We trained 1) cross-sectional machine learning models using data available by age 17 to predict SUD diagnosis between ages 18-19; and 2) a longitudinal model to predict new diagnoses at each age.ResultsThe area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.73 and 0.71 for the random forest and multilayer perceptron cross-sectional models. A prior diagnosis of SUD was the most important predictor, accounting for 25% of correct predictions. However, after excluding this predictor, our model still significantly predicted the first-time diagnosis of SUD during age 18-19 with an AUC of 0.67. The average of the AUCs from longitudinal models predicting new diagnoses one, two, five and ten years in the future was 0.63.ConclusionsSignificant predictions of at-risk co-morbid SUDs in individuals with ADHD can be achieved using population registry data, even many years prior to the first diagnosis. Longitudinal models can potentially monitor their risks over time. More work is needed to create prediction models based on electronic health records or linked population-registers that are sufficiently accurate for use in the clinic.


Author(s):  
JOHN D. CORRIGAN ◽  
RACHEL SAYKO. ADAMS ◽  
KRISTEN DAMS-O’CONNOR

2011 ◽  
Vol 186 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 443-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Walter ◽  
Gerhard A. Wiesbeck ◽  
Volker Dittmann ◽  
Marc Graf

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 71S-71S
Author(s):  
Alyssa Nathan ◽  
Shelley Galvin ◽  
Carol Catherine Coulson ◽  
Melinda Ramage ◽  
Nathan Herman Mullins ◽  
...  

2015 ◽  
Vol 232 (13) ◽  
pp. 2217-2226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay M. Squeglia ◽  
Scott F. Sorg ◽  
Joanna Jacobus ◽  
Ty Brumback ◽  
Charles T. Taylor ◽  
...  

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