Two-Dimensional TLC and Fluorescence Analysis with CCD Video Camera Used to Determine the Dissociation of Diphenylhexatriene Included in β-Cyclodextrin

Effect of spray/wall interaction in a rapid compression and expansion machine on mixture formation, ignition location, and soot generation was investigated. A two-dimensional piston cavity designed as the cross section of a reentrant piston was utilized to observe the spray and combustion process from the lateral side. The experiment was conducted at 120 MPa injection pressure under single and split injection strategies with an ambient gas of 15% O2 concentration. A shadow methodology was applied to investigate the interaction between the fuel spray and the piston cavity. Combined with the natural flame luminosity captured by a high-speed color video camera, the behaviors of the impinging spray and the combustion process were studied. The combustion characteristics of the in-cylinder pressure, heat release and combustion phase were recorded and analyzed simultaneously. The results showed that the split injection strategies effectively softened the heat release trace and promoted the onset of the main combustion. The cool-flame phenomenon was captured by using the high-speed color video camera, and the intense ignition was observed when the pilot spray was controlled to impinge on the lower lip of the piston rim. Moreover, results also showed that further extending the mixing process of the pilot spray is inclined to form a homogeneous mixture which was beneficial for the promotion of low-temperature combustion and the reduction of soot generation. This research provides a detailed investigation on the spray and combustion process and it highlights the significant effect of spray/wall interaction on the subsequent combustion process.

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[686] TWO-DIMENSIONAL HEPATIC METAL CONTENT MEASURED BY MICROSCOPIC SYNCHROTRON RADIATION X-RAY FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS IN WILSON DISEASE

Journal of Hepatology ◽

10.1016/s0168-8278(07)62284-3 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. S259

Author(s):

W. Osterode ◽

G. Falkenberg ◽

F. Wrba ◽

P. Ferenci

Keyword(s):

Synchrotron Radiation ◽

Wilson Disease ◽

Metal Content ◽

Fluorescence Analysis ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

X Ray

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ELECTRIC-FIELD-INDUCED PHASE SEPARATION IN ELECTRORHEOLOGICAL FLUIDS

International Journal of Modern Physics B ◽

10.1142/s0217979294001147 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 08 (20n21) ◽

pp. 2811-2822 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

XIN-LU TANG ◽

KE-QIN ZHU ◽

E. GUAN ◽

XIAO-PING WU

Keyword(s):

Phase Separation ◽

Electric Field ◽

Strong Electric Field ◽

Processing System ◽

Video Camera ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Critical Fields ◽

Computer Image Processing ◽

Er Fluids ◽

Er Fluid

The phase separation into a high-density and a low-density phase, which occurs after a strong electric field is applied to an ER fluids, is demonstrated in terms of the Coulomb interaction energy of the system. The phase separation is manifested by two-dimensional pattern observed in the field direction by means of a pair of transparent glass (TG) electrodes. The development of phase separation with an increasing field is recorded by a computer image processing system consisting of a CCD video camera. The patterns are irregular and their characteristic sizes are determined by two-dimensional auto-correlation approach. The dependency of those patterns on external electric field is analyzed based on statistical methods. Two critical fields are presented to characterize the electric-field-induced phase separation process in the ER fluid.

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Person Localization System Using Privacy-Preserving Sensor

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.103.622 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 103 ◽

pp. 622-627 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shota Nakashima ◽

Hui Min Lu ◽

Kohei Miyata ◽

Yuhki Kitazono ◽

Serikawa Seiichi

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Video Camera ◽

Brightness Distribution ◽

Privacy Preserving ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Texture Image ◽

Localization System ◽

One Dimensional ◽

Two Dimensional Image ◽

Simulation Results

A privacy-preserving sensor for person localization has been developed. In theory, the sensor can be constructed with a line sensor and cylindrical lens because only a one-dimensional brightness distribution is needed. However, a line sensor is expensive. In contrast, CMOS area sensors are low cost and are increasing in sensitivity according to recent rapid advancement in the technology. Therefore, we covered the CMOS area sensor physically so that it behaved as a line sensor, we substituted CMOS sensors for the line sensors in practice. The proposed sensor obtains a one-dimensional horizontal brightness distribution that is approximately equal to the integration value of each vertical pixel line of the two-dimensional image. It is impossible to restore the two-dimensional detail texture image from one-dimensional brightness distribution, although it obtains enough information to detect a person’s position and movement status. Thus, the privacy is protected. Moreover, the appearance of the proposed sensor is very different from the conventional video camera, so the psychological resistance of having a picture taken is reduced. In this work, we made the privacy preserving sensor practically, and verified whether a person’s state was able to be detected. The simulation results show that the proposed sensor can detect a present person’s state responsively without violating privacy.

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In situ Temperature Measurement During Spray Forming of A2-tool Steel and Axisymmetric Two-dimensional Analysis

Journal of Materials Research ◽

10.1557/jmr.2000.0241 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 15 (8) ◽

pp. 1669-1678 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

B. C. Moon ◽

Z. H. Lee ◽

D. R. White ◽

E. J. Lavernia

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Temperature Measurement ◽

Tool Steel ◽

Video Camera ◽

Spray Forming ◽

Cooling Curve ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Forming Process ◽

Infrared Video

An in situ temperature measurement was performed during spraying of A2-tool steel, and the results were used to verify an axisymmetric two-dimensional computer simulation program, which was developed for the prediction of shape and temperature variation in a spray-forming process. A thin thermocouple was placed inside of the chamber in advance and brought to the surface of the deposit during spraying. The temperature was then recorded. The surface temperature of the deposit was also measured by an infrared video camera. The emissivity of the surface of A2-tool steel during spraying was determined to be 0.23 through comparison of the temperatures measured by the thermocouple with the ones measured by the infrared video camera. The heat transfer coefficient at the top surface was estimated by comparing the calculated results with the experimental data. The cooling curve predicted on the basis of the numerical simulation showed good agreement with the experimental data.

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Two novel lanthanide(III) organic frameworks based on a biphenyltetracarboxylate ligand: synthesis, structure and magnetic and luminescence properties

Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry ◽

10.1107/s205322961800205x ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 74 (3) ◽

pp. 386-391 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hongguo Hao ◽

Yuchen Wang ◽

Suxian Yuan ◽

Dacheng Li ◽

Junshan Sun

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Topological Analysis ◽

Fluorescence Analysis ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Tetracarboxylic Acid ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Lanthanide Coordination Polymers ◽

Magnetic Investigation ◽

Solvothermal Conditions

Two new two-dimensional lanthanide coordination polymers, namely poly[[tetra-μ2-acetato-tetraaquabis(μ4-biphenyl-3,3′,5,5′-tetracarboxylato)tetrakis(dimethylacetamide)tetraterbium(III)] pentahydrate], {[Tb4(C16H6O8)2(C2H3O2)4(C4H9NO)4(H2O)4]·5H2O}n, (1), and poly[[tetra-μ2-acetato-tetraaquabis(μ5-biphenyl-3,3′,5,5′-tetracarboxylato)tetrakis(dimethylacetamide)tetraeuropium(III)] tetrahydrate], {[Eu4(C16H6O8)2(C2H3O2)4(C4H9NO)4(H2O)4]·4H2O}n, (2), have been synthesized from biphenyl-3,3′,5,5′-tetracarboxylic acid (H4bpt) and Ln(NO3)3·6H2O (Ln = Tb and Eu) under solvothermal conditions. Single-crystal X-ray structure analysis shows that the two compounds are isostructural and crystallize in the monoclinicP21/nspace group. The crystal structures are constructed from bpt4−ligands (as linkers) and {Ln2(μ2-CH3COO)2} building units (as nodes), which topological analysis shows to be a (4,6)-connected network withsqltopology. Compounds (1) and (2) have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and fluorescence analysis in the solid state. In addition, a magnetic investigation shows the presence of antiferromagnetic interactions in compound (1).

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Pushing Economy and Propulsion Technique of Wheelchair Racers at Three Speeds

Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly ◽

10.1123/apaq.15.1.36 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 36-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Victoria L. Goosey ◽

Ian G. Campbell

Keyword(s):

Dimensional Analysis ◽

Cycle Time ◽

Video Camera ◽

Wheelchair Propulsion ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Kinematic Data ◽

Cycle Rate ◽

Elbow Movement ◽

Lesion Level ◽

The Relationship

Pushing economy and wheelchair propulsion technique were examined for 8 wheelchair racers on a motorized treadmill at 6.0, 6.5, and 7.0 m/s. Kinematic data for the sagittal view were collected by a video camera for two-dimensional analysis. Adaptations to speed changes occurred, initially by a decrease in cycle time and an increase in cycle rate, and later by an increase in the flexion of the elbow. At each speed there were large variations in pushing economy between individuals. The relationship between pushing economy and selected kinematic variables revealed that at 6.0, 6.5, and 7.0 m/s, economy was associated with (a) the lighter athletes (r = .89, .86, .83), (b) a greater range of elbow movement (r = -.85, -.65, -.63), and (c) a lower push rate (r = .73, .81, .63), respectively. Effects of lesion level and wheelchair design may be more important in explaining differences in pushing economy than differences in propulsion technique.

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